• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.107-113
• /
• 1984

One hundred sixty one patients with the carcinoma of uterine cervix received curative radiotherapy at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital between December, 1979 and December, 1982. According to FIGO classification; stage $I_a 1(0.6\%)\;1_b\;8(5.0\%),\;II_a\;31(19.3\%),\;II_b\;66(41.0\%),\;III_a\;3(1.8\;%),\;III_b\;46(28.6\%)\;and\;IV_a\;6(3.7\;%)$. The proportion of early stage cancer is too small because most of them treated by surgery. External beam whole pelvic irradiation was done first with 10MV x-ray or Co-60 gamma ray upto 4,000 or 5,000 rad for early and advanced cases, followed by one or two courses of intracavitary radiation using Fletcher-Suit Applicator loading c Cs-137. Supplementary external radiation to pelvic side wall to bring dose to 6,000 or 6,500 rads, if there is parametrial involvement or positive pelvic lymph node. Of the 161 Patients, 49 Patients were lost to follow-up but only 22 patients were lost in disease free state. And so, 86.3 percent of the patients were followed to time of recurrence or to date. The results are as follows ; 1. Locoregional control rates according to stage is: stage I $100\%,\;II_a\;90.3\;%,\;II_b\;75.8\%,\;III_a\;66.7\%,\;III_b\;58.7\%\;and\;IV_a\;16.7\%$, respectively. 2. Persistent or recurrent disease were localized in pelvic cavity in 32 of 50 patients and 6 had distant metastasis only. 3. Rectal bleeding was the most common complication and appeared mostly between 6 and 24 months after radiotherapy. Most of them had transient minor bleeding and only 2 patients needed transfusion and 1 patient needed colostomy due to rectovaginal fistula. 4. The 3 year disease free survival rate is: stage I $100\%,\;II_a\;78.0\%,\;II_b\;60.6\%,\;III_a\;66.7\;III_b\;46.3\%\;and\;IN_a\;16.7\%$, respectively.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.273-279
• /
• 2010

Background: The benefit of superior vena cava (SVC) resection in thoracic malignancies remains controversial. We analyzed the results of extended resection in patients with thoracic malignancy involving the SVC. Material and Method: From March 2000 to March 2009, we performed surgical resection and reconstruction in 18 thoracic malignancies involving the SVC. Ten male and 8 female enrolled and their mean age was 56 years. Result: SVC reconstruction was performed in 9 patients with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft. Primary closure was possible in 6 patients by partially clamping the SVC. Patch angioplasty was performed in 3 patients with PTFE or autologous pericardial patch. Three-year survival was 58.0% and median survival time was 24.5 months. Disease specific survival and recurrence free survival were not significantly different between lung cancer and mediastinal malignancy. Obstruction of graft was detected in 4 patients during follow-up; SVC graft obstruction in 1 patient, and accessory graft between the innominate vein and right atrium in 3 patients. Conclusion: Extended resection of thoracic malignancies involving the SVC was a feasible method in selected patients. Although the morbidity rate was relatively high, mid-term survival was acceptable when complete resection was possible.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.135-139
• /
• 2013

We evaluated the effect of two kinds of breathing biofeedback technique such as audio-instruction and audio-visual biofeedback on breathing reproducibility and the CTV coverage during repeated treatment regimes in respiration-gated radiotherapy. In this study, the breathing data of nineteen lung cancer patients acquired from Medical College of Virginia (MCV) during five weeks were used. The dose evaluation algorithm was programmed in MATLAB. In the result, the CTV coverage was decreased as 30.0% due to the breathing irreproducibility for free-breathing. For audio-visual biofeedback, the CTV coverage was improved as 20.0% because patients can learn how control their breathing stably. And the audio-instruction was effective to preserve the breathing reproducibility.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.15-28
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify the trends of resourcefulness researche studies for suggesting the future direction of study. Study design, types of subjects, measurement tools, study concept, and outcome were examined by reviewing 61 research studies published from 1980 to 1999. The results were as follows: 1. There were 24 works in the 1980s and 37 works in 1990, according to the published year of resourcefulness study. Nonexperimental studies like descriptive study, correlational study and comparative study were more frequent than experimental studies. 2. Research studies that consisted of 30- 100 subjects were the most numerous with 27 studies in all. The majority of study subjects was shown as healthy students and depressive patients. 3. Most studies used Rosenbaum's Self Control Schedule(SCS) for assessing resourcefulness. Reliabilities of resourcefulness researches were cronbach ${\alpha}=.70$ or more. According to statisitical tests done for internal validity, SCS was negatively correlated to maladaptation. Factor analysis revealed that the most parsimonious structure was 3 to 6 factors. The total communality variance in the SCS was about 40 %. Other tools used with the SCS were about coping, depression, satisfaction of life and symptoms, self management and health promotion. 4. In correlational studies, concepts like depression, anxiety, and psychological symptoms were related to resourcefulness negatively. Adaptive functioning, life satisfaction and self achievement had positive correlations to resourcefulness. 5. Studies on comparison between a healthy person and depressive patient or smoker and non-smoker were done. There were coping, depression, symptom, self efficacy, health problem and self-control as comparative concepts. 6. Study subjects consisted of depressive patients in 9 of 18 experimental studies. The majority of studies were done with cognitive-behavioral therapy as an experimental intervention. The most effective treatment was revealed in high resourcefulness group. Since the above findings, resourcefulness research increased since 1980 and mostly non-experimental design for quantitative study were done. In the field of nursing, research about resourcefulness was in an initial stage. It is expected that further research needed to be done. Recommendations on the basis of the present research suggest that it is necessary to replicate studies, develop nursing intervention enhancing resourcefulness and apply it to patients with chronic diseases including cancer.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.284-295
• /
• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to clarify effects of bispectral index monitoring sedative administration, compared to MOAA/S (Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness and Sedation), on conscious sedation, physiological stability and recovery time for patients undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection. Methods: Participants In this study were patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection because of early gastric cancer. Participants were assigned randomly to an experimental group receiving sedatives based on bispectral index monitoring or to a control group with the MOAA/S instrument. Movements, belching, memory, pain, discomfort, physiological stability (MBP, PR, $SpO_2$), and recovery time were measured during the treatment and recovery. Data were analyzed using Spearman partial correlation coefficient analysis, Mixed model and Wilcoxon rank sum test to determine differences in the parameters. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups for conscious sedation(movement, belching, memory, pain, or discomfort), physiological stability and recovery time. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that no differences were found between the two types of monitoring. Thus, use of a bispectral index monitor in clinical practice enabling medical staff to readily assess the conscious sedation of for these patients is expected to be increasingly used as an objective assessment tool for conscious sedation for patient safety.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 2017

As the Radiofrequency(RF) increases with the magnetic field strength, the wavelength of the RF excitation field becomes smaller, which leads to more the thermal effect in the human-body placed in the electric field. MRI scanner used was GE signa 1.5T, HDx 3.0T and Philips 3.0T with same routine clinical sequence protocol. Therefore temperature was measured before and after each scan. Taken the temperatures in the ear with ear infra-red type thermometer(Braun co). 3.0T were temperature increases more than $0.15^{\circ}C$ and GE 3.0T MRI equipment about $0.14^{\circ}C$ higher than the Philips 3.0T MRI(p<0.012). Psychogenic status was investigated by the survey respondents about their status can not just answer therefore, a little different from the expected. In our study of Thermal effect of clinical MRI with clinical protocol sequence, we found that the 3.0T in the body-temperature rise was greater than the 1.5T. Therefore, in clinical 3.0T examine the dangerous situation caused by the temperature rise occurred (burns, impaired thermoregulatory mechanism in patients with high-temperature damage, exhaustion occurs due to excessive sweating), not to appear the more watched the patient's condition with procedure.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 1987

From March, 1983 to March, 1987, 16 patients with esophageal steno-obstruction due to nonesophageal tumors were treated in the Division of Therapeutic Radiology, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College. The patient characteristics, effect of radiotherapy (XRT) on esophageal steno-obstruction and survival were evaluated. The most common primary tumor was lung cancer (14/16) and the middle third of the esophagus was most frequently involved (14/16). Improved clinical response was observed in $80\%$ of the patients who finished the planned courses of XRT. The mean radiation dose evoking the improvement of dysphagia was 2,993 cGy given over a period of 3 to 4 weeks. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival at 15 and 30 weeks of follow-up were $60\%$ and $46\%$, respectively. In the completed group who finished the whole planned courses of XRT, survival rates were $77\%\;and\;51\%$, respectively. Four patients were alive over 90 weeks with normal passage of food.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.257-279
• /
• 2016

Recently, the Well-dying Act was legislated in Korea, and it will come into effect in August 4, 2017. This Act allows to withdraw the life sustaining treatment from impending death patients and also provide the hospice and palliative treatment to terminal patients. In the Supreme Court's case so called "Madam Kim", medical condition of Madam Kim was a persistent vegetative status owing to brain damage and her family members wanted to remove the artificial ventilation. In 2009, the Supreme Court allowed to withdraw the artificial ventilation under the specific conditions. We applied this new Well-dying Act to the Madam Kim's case hypothetically in order to know this Act can reasonably solve the problem of life sustaining treatment for dying or terminal patients. For the impending patients, the Well-dying Act has the problem not to withdraw the futile treatment due to the advance directives of patients. Vice versa, the terminal patients have no chance to withdraw the life sustaining treatment due to the this Act impose the duty to provide the hospice and palliative treatment despite of advance directives. We need to ruke out the persistent vegetative patients from the terminal patients caused by the cancer, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, chronic obstructive lung disease and chronic liver cirrhosis, In addition, we have to discuss the effect of the advance directives of terminal patients in view of self determination right.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
• /
• v.5
• /
• pp.20-31
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to develop the framework of community-based home care nursing delivery system, and to examine the validity of it. For these, home care nursing study team of College of Nursing, Seoul National University has studied home care nursing system since September, 1996, and has operated home care center since August, 1997. This study has been supported by the Korean Sience Foundation. We organized Committee of rules, and Clinical specialist consultant group for more efficient running of the home care center. In nursing station, research assistant controlled general work, and 5 home care nurses were hired for home visiting. We developed the Standards for operations, that included criteria for clients, central supply system of nursing materials, central management of nursing care cost, advertisement, patient referral system, and so forth. In our center, 108 patients enrolled, and neurologic disorders including cerebrovascular accident, and cancer were the most prevailing diseases. We tried to overcome the limitations of hopital -based home care, and to provide more accessible, efficient, safe, and stable home care nursing. Therefore, we were referred clients from patients and families, public health care center, industries, as well as from hospitals. Meanwhile, we developed home care recording system and assessment-intervention algorithm for various diseases for quality control and standardization. Also, we did continuing education, and tried to detect problems and to find solutions by regular meeting between the committee of rules and home care nurses. As the results of this study, several limitations of operation were found. First, it was difficult to manage and communicate with the doctor in the emergency situation, Second, we spent too much time for trasnsportation, because only five nurses covered all areas of Seoul and nearby cities. Third, preparation for special care of home care nurses were lacked. Forth, criteria for termination of care and frequency of home visit were ambiguous. Fifth, some difficulties were found in retrospective payment system. And finally, interconnection with home care machinery company were needed. Strategies for solving these problems were suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.101-106
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of proliferation factors, Ki67 and PCNA, as prognostic markers predicting the survival and neck metastasis in patients with oral cancer. Methods: 101 patients with HNSCCs, were followed retrospectively for a median period of 60 months(from 16 to 82 months). All tumors were resected surgically and examined by conventional light microscopy, immunohistochemistry. The age, sex, tumor location, clinical stage(size), metastasis, proliferative activity index(assessed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and Ki67 immunoreactivity) were considered as potential prognostic factors and were correlated with patient survival. Results: Ki67 staining results ranged from 5% to 80% of tumor cell nuclei, with a median of 25%. PCNA staining results ranged from 1% to 90% with a median of 50%. With a cut-off point of 25%, patients with lower Ki67 scores showed survival advantages over those with higher Ki67 scores (p=0.0089). With cut-off point of 50%, patients with lower PCNA scores showed survival advantages over those with higher PCNA scores (p=0.0104). Pathologically neck node positive patients(n=27) showed higher PCNA expression(p=0.02) than pathologically negative neck node patients(n=39). Conclusions: The lower expressions of Ki67 and PCNA were associated with favorable prognosis such as higher survival rate and lower neck node metastasis.