• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.2
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• pp.226-234
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• 2010

This study was conducted to examine the effects of pruning season on the compartmentalization of pruning wounds in Acer palmatum and Pinus strobus. A total of eighty five field-grown trees for each species were allocated to five different seasons, early- and late-winter, mid-spring, mid- and late-summer, for pruning treatments. Wound closure rate (WCR) of the two species for one year after treatment, area of discolored stem tissue on the medial longitudinal surface and cambial dieback length under the pruning wound of A. palmatum were measured. Changes of total phenols and variations of extractives, holocellulose and lignin at the treated branch unions were examined. In WCR of A. palmatum, late-winter (March, 39.8%) and mid-spring (May, 39.7%) were higher than any other seasons, while early-winter (November, 28.4%) was significantly lower than late-winter and mid-spring. P. strobus showed similar results with A. palmatum. The WCR of early-winter (57.2%) was the lowest significantly among the five seasons, and mid-spring (73.5%) and late-winter (71.4%) showed higher a WCR than other seasons. In the discolored/wound area ratio of A. palmatum, early-winter (73.2%) was the highest by far, and mid- (July) and latesummer (September, 36.7%, respectively) were the lowest among the five seasons. In the length of cambial dieback, two dormant seasons, early- and late-winter were longer than any other seasons. Phenol contents at the treated branch union were changed in line with the seasonal fluctuation of the tree. Total phenols in the below core of the treated union were higher than those of the branch union with living branch, while little differences were seen in the above core. At the branch core of the treated union, phenols of A. palmatum decreased one month after the treatments, but P. strobus maintained similar to or a little higher than those at the controls. The major changes in chemical composition at pruning wounds were extractives and lignin increased by less than 20% in A. palmatum, while extractives in P. strobus remarkably increased by 70%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.36-45
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• 2004

This study was conducted to formulate management guidelines for monumental old trees in Korea through analysis of growing environments. A total of 20 old trees designated as natural monuments in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi provinces were surveyed for biological characteristics, surrounding environments, root collar conditions, tree health, and soil characteristics. Relationships among root collar conditions, tree health, and soil characteristics were analyzed by correlation. The old solitary trees designated as natural monuments included Pinus bungeana(4 trees), Juniperus chinensis(3 trees), Ginkgo biloba(3 trees), Poncirus trifoliata(2 trees), Actinidia arguta, Wisteria floribunda, Thuja orientalis, Quercus variabilis, Sophora japonica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Zelkova serrata, and Pinus densiflora. The tree height ranged from 3.56 to 67m, and root collar diameter ranged from 1.01 to 15.2m. The monumental old trees were growing on the various sites ranging from gardens, historical sites, open agricultural fields, mountain hills, to near the ocean beaches and streams. The coverage of bald land ranged from 50 to 100%, and depth of filled soil around the root collar ranged from 0 to 50cm. Tree health was expressed as the amount of branch dieback, cavity development, detachment of cambial tissue, infliction by diseases and insects. The branch dieback ranged from 5 to 20%, cavity development ranged from 10 to 100$cm^3$, detachment of cambial tissue ranged from 5 to 45%, and infliction by diseases and insects ranged from 5 to 20%. Soil pH ranged from 5.9 to 8.3, organic matter contents from 12 to 56%, phosphorus contents from 104 to 618ppm, while soil compaction ranged from 7 to 28mm. Results of correlation analysis showed that coverage of bald land was the most serious factor to deteriorate the cavity development and detachment of cambial tissue. In addition, chemical properties of soils seemed to be related to the health of the trees.