• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.225-230
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine patient characteristics and other factors associated with discontinuation of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among cancer patients in Korea. Methods: A national, multicenter, cross-sectional survey of cancer patients was performed in which 674 of 2,661 patients were analyzed for their use of CAM after cancer diagnosis. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify the factors related to CAM discontinuation. Results: Among the surveyed cancer patients, 25.3% (674 of 2,661) had used CAM, whereas 38.3% (258 of 674) of those with CAM experience had discontinued CAM therapy. The most frequently used form of CAM was herbs (43.5%). The major reasons for the discontinuation of CAM included absence of effects (23.9%), financial burden (22.9%), and physician opposition (13.7%). Other factors associated with the discontinuation of CAM included metastatic cancer (OR = 2.06), a long duration of cancer treatment (OR = 3.34), dissatisfaction (OR = 4.34), and side effects (OR = 4.23) of CAM therapy. Conclusions: For cancer patients to correctly employ CAM therapy, increase their satisfaction, and reduce their side effects, efforts should be made to analyze the cost effectiveness of CAM, and valid information must be provided to physicians and cancer patients.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.317-326
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• 2012

Objectives : To investigate the prevalence and utilization pattern of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods : We conducted a nationwide survey and a total of 535 individuals with type 2 diabetes were asked about their demographic, diabetes-related characteristics and CAM use. We used multiple logistic regression modeling to determine independent predictors of CAM use. Results : Of the 535 subjects, 417 (77.9%) used CAM in last 12 months. The most commonly used modality was red ginseng (17.9%). CAM use was independently associated with being married, northern area residence, higher education and diabetes duration of 3-5 years. More than half(58.3%) of the CAM users used it expecting a better outcome in addition to conventional therapy. Information sources about CAM were mostly friends (36.0%) and family (31.9%), only 28.1% of diabetic patients seek counsel from medical doctors or oriental medical doctors about CAM. Many people perceived CAM as effective (62.7%) and reported side effects only rarely (1.2%). Conclusions : Many diabetic patients used CAM and found it effective, which urges clinicians to pay attention to CAM use of their diabetic patients. Also, further studies are required regarding efficacy and safety about CAM.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.432-439
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• 2005

$Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin transduction pathways have been implicated in mediating stress response and tolerance in plants. Here, three genes encoding calmodulin (Cam) members of the EF-hand family of $Ca^{2+}$-binding proteins were identified from Oryza sativa L. databases. Complementary DNA for each of the calmodulin genes, OsCam1, OsCam2, and OsCam3 were sequenced. OsCam1 and OsCam2 encode a conventional 148-amino acid calmodulin protein that contains four characteristic $Ca^{2+}$-binding motifs. OsCam3 encode a similar protein with a 38-amino-acid extension containing a putative prenylation site (CVIL) at the carboxyl terminus. RT-PCR showed that each of the genes is expressed in leaves and roots of 2-week old rice seedlings. By RNA gel blot analysis, OsCam1 mRNA levels strongly increased in response to NaCl, mannitol and wounding treatments. In contrast, OsCam2 mRNA levels were relatively unchanged under all conditions investigated. NaCl treatment and wounding also increased the OsCam3 mRNA level, but in a more transient manner. Our results indicate that although the expression of genes encoding different calmodulin isoforms is ubiquitous, they are differentially regulated by various stress signals. In addition, we have demonstrated that the calcium-channel blocker lanthanum chloride inhibited the induction of OsCam1 gene expression by both NaCl and mannitol treatments. These results suggest that osmotic stress induced expression of OsCam1 gene requires the $[Ca^{2+}]_{cyt}$ elevation that is known to occur in response to these stimuli.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.365-380
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the need to reform curriculums for digital experts in a way that include the practical and educational aspects of dental labs by determining why educational reforms are needed to comply with changes in dental technology business that are brought by the applications of digital scanning and what changes are being actually brought by the use of CAD/CAM. Methods: This study analyzed the need of education and practice in relation to CAD/CAM by using the independent sample t-test and One-way ANOVA. in accordance with the participants demographic characteristics and job-related variables and factors related to CAD/CAM, and provided only some of the analysis results that were found statistically significant. Concerning the need of education and practice in relation to CAD/CAM, the study also used the independent sample t-test to measure difference in the perception of that need within each of the three groups, or those of job performance, job efficiency and knowledge gain at the signficance level of ${\alpha}=.05$. Results: Dental technologists surveyed here were perceiving that the use of CAD/CAM would bring changes in their job performance, job efficiency and knowledge gain. They were expecting that the biggest changes would be made in work climate and product quality as sub-areas of job performance. However, they said that in terms of job efficiency, the use of CAD/CAM would change job contribution, job satisfaction and job efficiency, but not lead to staffing. These results suggest that more special programs for CAD/CAM education are needed to bring up CAD/CAM experts who are more specialized. Conclusion: Among 13 skills related to CAD/CAM, what is most needed to be educated to dental technologists was "molding the occlusal surface" (M=4.19), followed by "designing the 3-D work" (M=4.17), "final shape modification" (M=4.16), "molding the border" (M=4.15) and "checking the fit of prothesis" (M=4.14) in order.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2015

Objectives: In Korea, cancer is one of the most important causes of death. Cancer patients have sought alternative methods, like complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) together with Western medicine, to treat cancer. Also, there are many kinds of providers of CAM therapy, including providers of Korean oriental medicine therapy. The purpose of this study is to identify the behaviors of Korean oriental medicine therapy and CAM therapy providers who treat cancer patients and to provide background knowledge for establishing a new policy with the management and quality control of CAM. Methods: Structured and well organized questionnaires were made, and 350 persons were surveyed concerning the providers of CAM or Korean oriental medicine. The questionnaires were collected and analyzed. Results: The questionnaires (182) were collected. The questionnaires identified a total of 73 known providers, such as medicinal professionals or other providers of CAM suppliers, 35.6% of whom had had experience with treating cancer patients (52.6% vs. 29.6%). The treatment methods were a little different: alternative therapy and nutritional therapy being preferred by medicinal professionals and mind body modulation therapy and alternative therapy being preferred by other CAM providers. Four patients (7.4%) experienced side effects, and 6 patients (12.5%) experienced legal problems. As the method for managing the therapy, CAM providers, medicinal professionals, and other CAM providers had different viewpoints. For example, some CAM providers stated that both legislation and an official education on CAM or a national examination were needed as a first step to establish the provider's qualifications and that as a second step, a license test was needed for quality control. To the contrary, medicinal professionals stated that a license test was needed before legislation. Conclusion: Adequate management and quality control of CAM providers is thought to involve both education and legislation.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2005

Background and Objectives: The popularity of complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) has grown at an astonishing rate in recent years. Because patients are interested in CAM and want to use it, physicians also should be concerned about CAM and know about the current situation of its usage. In this study, we tried to determine the prevalence of CAM use in the patients with head and neck cancer and correlate with demographics and tumor characteristics. Materials and Methods: A total of 87 patients with head and neck cancer previously treated with surgery at Seoul National University Hospital from March through June, 2004 were enrolled in this study. The patients were completed, questionnaire about the use of CAM and demographic information. Tumor characteristics were obtained from the patient's medical records. Results: Of the 87 patients, 33 patients(37.9%) use at least one CAM. There was no statistically significant correlation between patient's data and prevalence of CAM use. Of those patients using CAM, 16(48.5%) of 33 were using 2 or more therapies. The majority of agents used by patients in this study are mushrooms such as Phellinus and Reishi, followed by dietary therapy. A majority(60.6%) of patients were introduced to alternative medicine by friends or family members. Conclusion: Considerable cancer patients use CAM. Head and neck oncologists should inform themselves about CAM to counsel and educate the patients. Further scientific investigations on promising CAM agents may help advance cancer treatment.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.457-466
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• 2014

This study aimed to investigate the awareness and utilization of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in hypertension or diabetes patients to participate in health class in rural community health center. A total of 177 hypertension or diabetes patients were participated in this study. Data were collected using face-to face interviews and were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 18.0 program. About 56.5% of subjects experienced CAM and 16.0% of subjects told heath care providers about CAM. General awareness of CAM was $3.11{\pm}0.58$ in 5 point, and awareness significantly positively correlated with intention to reuse CAM, recommend CAM, and participate in CAM-related education (r=.604, r=.516, r=.419, p<.001). Health care providers such as doctors and nurses need to be concerned about CAM utilization and awareness in chronic disease patients. These findings can be used in developing effective strategies for health care providers and health policy makers to provide right awareness and utilization of CAM for chronic disease patients and the public.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.447-458
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• 2007

Purpose: This exploratory study was to identify the use of complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) in women with breast cancer and to analyze which factor influence CAM use. Methods: 114 patients with breast cancer were identified and approached. The instrument used to gather data were the common types, main reasons and effects as well as stress, mood states and fatigue. Results: 42.7% of all participants reported the use of CAM. The most common types of CAM used were Phellinus linteus, elm tree, and vitamin C. The main reasons for CAM use were to boost the immune system and to prevent recurrence. Prayer, massage, Shitake mushroom, and Ganoderma lucidum were, identified as being more effective than others. 93.6% of the respondents informed their physicians of their use of CAM. Logistic regression analysis determined that stress, mood states, and duration after diagnosis were factors significantly associated with CAM use. Conclusion: CAM use is increasing among patients with breast cancer. Health care professionals are in the main position to identify what treatments patients are using and implement CAM therapies that can be helpful to relieve patient symptoms related to treatment and psychological distress.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2001

In ship building industry, CNC and CAM are mostly applied to NC cutting and manufacturing of propeller and prototype ship model. Herein, prototype ship model is producted by CAD/CAM process. Hull form data is obtained from the ship drawing and used for 3D modeling by CAD software Pro/Engineer. CAD data is transferred into CAM s/w SPEEDplus to perform CNC process and the prototype small ship model is manufactured by CNC machine. To solve data transfer among different systems. IGES and STEP neutral formats are currently used. Herein IGES format is adopted for data transfer between CAD/CAM softwares.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.247-256
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was done to examine the experience of school health instructors in applying complimentary and alternative medicine (CAM). Method: The participants were 215 health instructors working in elementary schools in Busan. Data were collected from Dec. 1, 2004 to Mar. 10, 2005 and were analyzed using SPSS WIN 10.0. Results: Most of the health instructors had knowledge about CAM. Among the various CAM methods, acupuncture was the most widely known at 78.6%. While 53.5% had no experience in CAM education, 46.5% had been trained. Slightly over half (52.1%) had used CAM at school and based their decision on personal experience. As to applicability of CAM at school, 72.1% thought CAM was applicable, and 78.7% of this group considered alleviation of symptoms and assistance in the treatment process as the reasons for their answer. There were significant differences in responses as to the applicability of CAM according to age (p=.002), work experience (p=.004) and educational background (p=.002). Conclusions: The above results suggest that there is a need to develop a professional education program on complimentary and alternative medicine to assist school health instructorsto plan nursing interventions using CAM which are individualized and practical.