• 약학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.143-148
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• 1986

The effect of orally administered ginseng ethanol extract on potassium deficient and normal rat skeletal muscles was investigated in terms of Ca uptake by sarcoplastic reticulum fragments. The ginseng ethanol extract (100mg/kg/day) was administered orally to Sprague-Dawley rats for 21 days and their changes of body weights, $K^+$ content in skeletal muscles, and calcium uptake capacity of sarcoplamic reticulurn of each groups were measured. The growth rate of rats fed with the potassium deficient diet was significantly decreased compared to that of normal rats. Ginseng components did not show any effect on the decreased growth rate of the postassium deficient rats. Potassium content in skeletal muscle from potassium deficient rats was significantly reduced compared to that of normal rats. Ginseng components showed the tendency to prevent the reduction in potassium content of potassium deficient rats, but differences were not statistically significant. Calcium uptake of SR prepared from skeletal muscles of potassium deficient rats was increased significantly compared to that of normal rats. Ginseng components prevented such increase of calcium uptake by 30%. In summary, it can be concluded that ginseng may prevent the increase in Cauptake of SR obtained from potassium deficient rats.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.185-190
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• 2001

알긴산은 일반적으로 미생물의 고정화에 널리 사용되는 biopolymer이다. 본 연구는 구연산 생산균인 Aspergillus niger를 calcium alginate로 고정화한 beads로 납의 흡착 특성을 조사하였다. A. niger beads는 $CaCl_2$를 사용하여 주사기로 제조하였으며 이 beads를 납제거에 이용하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 즉, A. niger를 구연산 생성배지에서 1일에서 7일까지 배양한 후 제조한 beads로 납흡착량을 측정한 결과는 3일간 배양된 곰팡이 beads에서 가장 높았다. 발아되지 않은 beads와 3일간 배양된 beads로 시간에 따른 납흡착량을 정량한 결과 30분까지는 그 흡착량이 동일하게 급격히 증가하였으며 그 후 발아되지 않은 beads는 더 이상 흡착이 일어나지 않았으나 3일간 배양된 곰팡이 beads는 시간이 지남에 따라 천천히 계속 흡착하여 1시간 후에는 480 ppm까지 흡착하였다. 납흡착시 최적 pH와 온도는 각각 6과 $35^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 납용액 50 ml (500 ppm)이 든 250 ml 삼각플라스크에 beads $50{\sim}100$개가 최적이었으며 그 이상에서는 납흡착율이 감소하였다. 중금속에 대한 흡착율은 납> 구리> 카드뮴 순이었으며 0.1 M $CaCl_2$, 0.1 M NaOH 및 0.1 M KOH의 전처리의 효과는 없었으며 0.1 HCI로 곰팡이 bead의 납탈착하여 beads를 재사용이 가능하였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1992

Six common tablet disintegrants (corn starch, Avicel PH102, calcium carboxymethylcellulose, Primojel, Kollidon CL and Ac-Di-Sol) were used at the concentration of 0, 2, 4 and 6% (w/w) in salicylamide tablets made with wet granulation method. Certain physical parameters of the disintegrants (moisture sorption, hydration capacity and bulk density) were determined to evaluate their relative efficiency. The disintegration time and dissolution rate of the tablets were correlated well with the ranks of initial rate of moisture sorption for each disintegrant as follows; Ac-Di-Sol, Kollidon CL, primojel, calcium CMC, corn starch and Avicel PH102. The initial rate of moisture sorption was important for the disintegration capacity as well as hydration capacity. The effect of storage at different temperatures and relative humidity upon the tablets containing various disintegrants was evaluated in terms of tablet hardness and disintegration time. Storage at high temperature reduced the hardness substantially and retarded the disintegration of the all tablets studied. Especially, the hardness of tablets containing Kollidon CL was significantly reduced. Although the tablet hardness was decreased and the disintegration time was increased under a moderate humid condition, both of them were decreased under the severely high humid condition of 80 or 90% RH, which was due to the breakrupture of tablet matrix bonds by the excessive uptake of moisture. Therefore, the stability caused by moisture sorption should be considered, when disintegrants having high moisture sorption such as Kollidon CL, Ac-Di-Sol and Primojel were employed in the tablets containing water-labile or hygroscopic drugs.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 1994

We investigated the alterations in basal tone of aortic strips by changing the Ca concentration, basal $^{45}Ca$ uptake and $^3H-nitrendipine$ binding of the single cells of aortic smooth muscles in the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. While the basal tone of the aortic strips in WKY rats was not affected by alteration of Ca concentration, that in SHR was decreased by the removal of Ca from the bath solution and was recovered by the restoration of Ca to normal levels. This contraction increased in a Ca concentration-dependent manner and reached a maximum at 2 mM Ca. The basal tone of aorta in SHR was suppressed by verapamil $(10^{-6}M)$. The basal tone of aorta in SHR increased about 50% in the strips of endothelial rubbing, compared with that of intact endothelium. Basal $^{45}Ca$ uptake in the aortic single smooth muscle cells of SHR was greater than that of WKY (p<0.01), Specific bindings of $[^3H]nitrendipine$ in the aortic single smooth muscles of SHR and WKY were saturable. The dissociation constant $(K_d)\;was\;0.71{\pm}0.15\;and\;1.18{\pm}0.08nM$ SHR, respectively, and the difference in $K_d$ between two strains was statistically significant (p<0.03). The maximal binding capacity $(B_{max})\;was\;34.6{\pm}3.2\;and\;47.4{\pm}4.3\;fmol/10^6$ SHR respectively, and the difference of $(B_{max})$ between two strains was statistically significant (p<0.05). from the above results, it is suggested that the increase of Ca influx via potential-operated Ca channels and the increase of the number of dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca channels contribute to high basal tone of the aortic strips in SHR.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.336-340
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• 1993

생물고분자 생산을 위하여 오니에서 slime을 생산하는 Zoogloea ramigera 115를 선택하였다. 추출한 생물고분자는 카드뮴, 아연 같은 금속에 대해서 높은 흡착성능을 나타냈다. 특히 발효조 broth는 높은 흡착성능을 나타냄으로써 부가적인 분리공정없이 생물흡착제로서 사용 가능할 것이다. 생물고분자는 calcium alginate bead 형태로 고정화되어 유가금속 회수를 위하여 충전층 반응기에 사용되었다. 생물흡착제는 구리, 카드뮴, 망간, 아연에 대하여 80% 또는 그이상의 높은 제거율을 나타냈으며 흡착-탈착-재흡착 실험에서 높은 안정성을 나타냈다. 고정화된 생물고분자 시스템은 이온교환수지와 같은 다른 중금속 제거 시스템과 경쟁력 및 잠재적인 산업상 응용 가능성을 보였다.

• Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.2384-2393
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• 2018

Porous alginate-based hydrogel beads (porous ABH) have been prepared through a facile and sustainable template-assisted method using nano-calcium carbonate and nano-$CaCO_3$ as pore-directing agent for the efficient capture of methylene blue (MB). The materials were characterized by various techniques. The sorption capacities of ABH towards MB were compared with pure sodium alginate (ABH-1:0) in batch and fixed-bed column adsorption studies. The obtained adsorbent (ABH-1:3) has a higher BET surface area and a smaller average pore diameter. The maximum adsorption capacity of ABH-1:3 obtained from Langmuir model was as high as $1,426.0mg\;g^{-1}$. The kinetics strictly followed pseudo-second order rate equation and the adsorption reaction was effectively facilitated, approximately 50 minutes to achieve adsorption equilibrium, which was significantly shorter than that of ABH-1:0. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that the adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic. Thomas model fitted well with the breakthrough curves and could describe the dynamic behavior of the column. More significantly, the uptake capacity of ABH-1:3 was still higher than 75% of the maximum adsorption capacity even after ten cycles, indicating that this novel adsorbent can be a promising adsorptive material for removal of MB from aqueous solution under batch and continuous systems.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-30
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• 1974

수도저위(水稻低位) 생산력(生産力)의 원인구명(原因究明)에 관(關)한 영양생리학적연구(營養生理적硏究)로 여러 가지 생육조건하(生育條件下)에서 품종별(品種別) 양분흡수(養分吸收) 및 동화기능(同化機能)과 양분(養分)의 체내(體內)에서의 이행양상(移行樣相)을 추구(追究)하는 한편 고수량지(高收量地) 벼와 저수량지(低收量地) 벼에 대(對)한 생육시기별(生育時期別)로 양분(養分)의 흡수(吸收) 체내무기양분(體內無機養分)과 수량(收量) 및 수량구성요소(收量構成要素)와의 관계(關係) 등(等)을 추구(追究)하여 저수량지(低收量地) 벼의 영양생리적(營養生理的) 저수요인(低收要因)을 밝히고저 본연구(本硏究)를 수행(遂行)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과같다. 1. 양분(養分)의 흡수력(吸收力)은 품종(品種)에 따라 차이(差異)가 있으며 인산(燐酸) 및 가리(加里)의 흡수력(吸收力)이 강(强)한 품종(品種)은 구사부에, 진흥(振興)이며 낮은 품종(品種)은 팔달(八達)이었다. 2. 근(根)의 ${\alpha}-naphthylamine$의 산화력(酸化力)과 인산(燐酸)의 흡수력(吸收力)과는 유의적(有意的)인 상관관계(相關關係)가 있으며 산화력(酸化力)이 높으면 인산(燐酸)의 흡수(吸收)가 증대(增大)되었바. 3, 탄소동화력( 炭素同化力)은 품종(品種)에 따라 차이(差異)가 있으며 노인도(老人稻), 구대내조욱(九大耐潮組) 3호(號), 수원(水原)82호(號), 진흥(振興) 등은 강(强)하고 대구조(大脚租), 관옥(關玉), 육우(陸羽) 132호(號)가 약(弱)하였다. 4, 질소(窒素)의 증시(增施)는 소비(少肥)에 비(比)하여 동화량(同化量)은 증가(增加) 되나 등화산물(同化産物)의 이삭으로의 이전(移轉)은 적었다5. 정상(正常) 생육(生育)한 벼에 비(比)하여 인산(燐酸), 가리(加里) 및 마그네슘이 결핍(缺達)된 벼는 전탄소동화량이(全炭素同化量)이 정상(正常) 벼 100에 비(比)하여 40이하(以下)로 현저(顯著)히 낮으며 그 순서(順序)는 Mg>P>K이고, 동화물(同化物)의 이전(移轉)에 장해(障害)가 큰 것은 K>Mg>P의 순(順)이었다. 6. 고수량지(高收量地) 벼는 저수량지(低收量地) 벼에 비(比)하여 총건물(總乾物) 생산량(生産量)이 현저(顯著)하게 많고 특(特)히 유수형성기(幼穗形成期) 이후(以後)에 증가량(增加量)이 더욱 현저(顯著)하였다. 7. 고수량지(高收量地) 벼는 출수기(出穗期)에 옆면적(葉面積)이 최고(最高)에 달(達)하였다가 그 이후(以後) 완만(緩慢)하게 줄어지나 저수량지(低收量地) 벼는 출수이전(出穗以前)에 엽면적(葉面積)이 최고(最高)에 달(達)하였다가 출수이후(出穗以後)에 급격(急激)히 감소(減少)되며 그 원인(原因)은 하엽(下葉)의 조기고사(早期枯死)에 기인(起因)되었다. 8. 고수량지(高收量地) 벼는 저수량지(低收量地) 벼에 비(比)하여 생육초기(生育初期)에는 투과광율(透過光率)이 높고 생육후기(生育後期)에 낮았으나 투과광율대(透過光率對) 엽면적비(葉面積比)는 고수량지(高收量地) 벼에서 높았다. 9. 순동화량(純同化量)은 저수량지(低收量地) 벼에 비(比)하여 고수량지(高收量地)벼에서 많았으며 이는 또한 엽면적(葉面積)이 증가(增加)됨에 따라 감소(減少)되었다. .10. 고수량지(高收量地) 벼는 저수량지(低收量地) 벼에 비(比)하여 유수형성기(幼穗形成期) 이후(以後) 체내질소(體內窒素), 가리(加里) 및 규산(珪酸)의 함유율(含有率)이 높으면서 $K_2O/N$, $SiO_2/N$ 비(比)가 높았다.11. 저수량지(低收量地) 벼는 고수량지(高收量地) 벼에 비(比)하여 출수기(出穗期)에 보유(保有)된 질소(窒素), 인산(燐酸), 가리(加里) 및 마그네슘등이 출수이후(出穗以後) 이삭으로의 이행율(移行率)이 높았다. 이는 저수량지(低收量地) 벼가 생육후기(生育後期)에 양분(養分)의 흡술량(吸收量)이 부족(不足)하여 체내(體內) 저장양분(貯藏養分)이 재이동(再移動)되기 때문이며 따라서 하엽(下葉)은 양분부족(養分不足)으로 조길고사(早期桔死)가 많아지는 것으로추정(推定)되었다. 12. 고수량지(高收量地) 벼는 질소흡수(窒素吸收)가 전생육기간(全生育期間)을 통(通)하여 완만(緩慢)하며 출수이후(出穗以後)에도 흡수량(吸收量)이 많으나 저수량지(低收量總) 벼는 출수이전(出穗以前)에 많고 출수이후(出濾以後)는 거의 흡수(吸收)되지 않았다. 13. 출수기(出穗期)의 체내(體內) 질소(窒素), 가리(加里) 함유율(含有率)과 수량(收豊)과는 현저(顯著)한 정(正)의 상관(相關)이 성립(成立)되였으며 수확기(收獲期)의 가리(加里), 규산함유율(珪酸含有率) 그리고 $K_2O/N$, $SiO_2/N$과 수량(收量)과도 현저(顯著)한 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)가 성립(成立)되었다. 14. 출수기(出穗期)에 보유(保有)된 전분(澱粉)이 이삭으로의 이전(移轉)은 고수량지(高收量地) 벼가 약(約) 10%인데 반(反)하여 저수량지(低收量地) 벼는 약(約) 40%로 많았다. 따라서 저수량지(高收量地) 벼는 출수(出穗) 이후(以後) 동화의존도(同化依存度)가 높았다. 15. 고수량지(高收量地) 벼는 저수량지(低收量地) 벼에 비(比)하여 질소(窒素), 인산(燐酸), 가리(加里), 규산(珪酸) 및 망간의 흡수량(吸收量)이 현저(顯著)하게 많았고 생육시기별(生育時期別) 흡수량(吸收量)의 차이(差異)는 유수형성기(幼穗形成期) 전후(前後)에 현저(顯著)하였다. 16. 수확기(收穫期)의 질소(窒素), 인산(燐酸), 가리(加里), 석탄(石炭), 마그네슘, 규산(珪酸) 및 망간의 총흡수량(總吸收量)과 수량(收量)과는 고도(高度)의 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)가 인정(認定)되었다. 17. 수확기(收穫期)에 질소(窒素), 인산(燐酸), 가리(加里), 석탄(石炭), 마그네슘 및 규산(珪酸)의 흡수량(吸收量)과 수당입수간(穗當粒熱間)에, 질소(窒素) 및 가리(加里)의 흡수량(吸收量)과 수수(穗數)와는 유의적(有意的)인 정(正)의 상관관계(相關關係)가 성립(成立)되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.582-587
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• 2015

This study was conducted to compare the plant growth and fruit quality of blueberries grown in different soil textures of Korea, in order to utilize the results for stable production and soil improvement. Rabbiteye blueberry cultivars 'Tifblue' and 'Baldwin' were planted and grown for three years from 2013 in wagner pot (1 $2000a^{-1}$) in a greenhouse of Namhae Sub-station, Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science. The plants were grown in four soil textures, sand, sandy loam, loam and silt loam, and nutrient uptake and growth characteristics of plants were investigated. Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus contents of two cultivars grown in different soil textures ranged between 8.6 to $10.5gkg^{-1}$, which was lower than appropriate level for rabbiteye blueberry. However, the contents of potassium, calcium and magnesium in leaves were appropriate levels as $2.29{\sim}3.62gkg^{-1}$, $4.46{\sim}5.46gkg^{-1}$ and $1.45{\sim}2.12gkg^{-1}$, respectively. Nitrogen and phosphate contents in leaves were higher in the two cultivars grown in silt loam soil. There was no significant difference in plant volume and root dry weight among four soil textures in two cultivars. However, dry weight of leaves and branches were highest in loam soil. Fruit production was highest in loam and silt loam soil in two cultivars, showing negative correlation with the amount of sand in soil. However, sugar and acidity showed no correlation with sand content in soil. These results show the limit to the blueberry growth in soil that has no nutrient holding capacity; however, most of Korean soils that have good nutrient holding capacity can produce competitive fruits if the drainage is improved.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acid tolerance, bile acid tolerance, and fermentation activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Kimchi in the presence of hydrolysates of whey protein concentrate. Kimchi isolates DK109, DK119, DK121, DK128, DK211, DK212, and DK215, which were identified as Lactobacillus sp., and L. casei DK128 showed the highest acid and bile acid tolerance. To produce whey hydrolysates, enzymes were added to a 10% (w/v) whey protein concentrate (WPC) solution at 1:50 (w/v, protein). The viabilities of the DK strains were determined in the presence of low pH and bile salts. Then, yogurt was produced via fermentation with L. casei DK128, an isolate from Kimchi, in the presence of the following additives: CPP, WPC, and WPC hydrolysates (WPCH) generated by alcalase (A) or neutrase (N). The produced yogurts were subjected to various analyses, including viable cell counts (CFU/mL), pH, titratable activity, and sensory testing. After 8 h of fermentation, the pH and titratable activity values of all test samples were 4.2 and 0.9, respectively. The viable counts of LAB were $3.49{\times}10^8$, $5.72{\times}10^8$, $7.01{\times}10^8$, and $6.97{\times}10^8$, for the Control, CPP, A, and N samples, respectively. These results suggest that whey proteins have potential as dietary supplements in functional foods and that WPCH could be used in yogurt as a low-cost alternative to CPP.