• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2023

In this study, the variations in CO₂ uptake according to the type and amount of alkali-based activator (Ca(OH)₂, CSA) of geopolymer paste were evaluated. As the amount of activator added to the geopolymer paste increased, the fluidity of the paste is decreased and the compressive strength increased. According to the type of activator, it was confirmed that the addition of Ca(OH)₂ had a greater effect on improving the compressive strength than CSA. As a result of changes in chemical properties according to carbonation curing, the amount of C-S-H and C-A-S-H gels produced before carbonation increased as the amount of activator increased, and amount of CaCO₃ produced after carbonation increased. The reactivity of the blast furnace slag and zeolite increased due to the addition of the activator, and the reactivity tended to increase as the amount of addition increased. As a result of CO₂ uptake, 10.3 wt% when Ca(OH)₂ 10 % was added and 8.77 wt% when CSA 10 % was added was confirmed. It increased by 421 % and 388 % respectively, compared to the case where no activator was added.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.155-160
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• 2015

The annual average of energy sources is continuously increasing at a rate of 5.8%, and particularly, the power generation proportion of new/renewable energy is increasing significantly. Furthermore, South Korea has established a national energy master plan for 2008-2030 and is aiming at obtaining approximately 11% of total energy production from the wind turbine sector. Although offshore wind turbines are similar to wind turbines installed on land, they require materials with excellent dynamic properties and durability to prevent damage due to seawater at the lower parts and connecting parts. The lower parts of wind turbines are submerged in seawater, and the upper and lower parts are connected by filling the connecting part with grout. This paper describes the test results of the process of determining the mix ratios to develop ultra-high grout for offshore wind turbines. There is virtually no relevant technology regarding grout for offshore wind turbines in South Korea that can be referenced for the process of determining the mix ratios. Therefore, tests were conducted for determining compression strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength, density, constructability (floor test), and early strength by referencing a high-performance grout produced in South Korea, and the mixing process for achieving the goal strengths was described using the Korean Industrial Standards (KS) as the reference.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.533-544
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• 2015

Unlike the concrete structure built on land, that exposed to the marine environment is greatly degraded in durability due to the exposure to not only the physical action caused by sea wind, tide, and wave, but also the harsh conditions, including the chemical erosion and freeze-thaw which result from $SO_4{^{2-}}$, $Cl^-$ and $Mg^{2+}$ ions in seawater. In the process of the large scaled construction of submerged concrete structures, of course environmental hazardous substance, such as alkaline (pH) and heavy metals, may be leached. Thus, this issue needs to be adequately reviewed and studied. Therefore, this study attempted to develop a CSA (Calcium Sulfo Aluminate) activator using electric arc furnace reducing slags, as well as the eco-friendly concrete for artificial reefs using electric arc furnace oxidizing slag as aggregate for concrete. The strength properties of the eco-friendly concrete exposed to the marine environment were lower than those of the normal concrete by curing 28 days. This suggest that additional studies are needed to improve the early strength of the eco-friendly concrete. With respect to seawater resistance of the eco-friendly concrete, the average strength loss against 1 year of curing days reached 8-9%. the eco-friendly concrete using high volume of ground granulated blast furnace slags and high specific gravity of electronic arc furnace oxidizing slag demonstrated the sufficient usability as a freeze-thaw resistant material. With respect to heavy metal leaching properties of the eco-friendly concrete, heavy metal substances were immobilized by chemical bonding in the curing process through the hydration of concrete. Thus, heavy metal substances were neither identified at or below environmental hazard criteria nor detected, suggesting that the eco-friendly concrete is safe in terms of leaching of hazardous substances.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.371-379
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• 2013

This paper investigates the cracking and tension-stiffening behavior of 100 MPa shrinkage-compensated strain-hardening cement composite (SHCC) and conventional concrete tie elements in monotonic and cyclic tension. Strain and surface crack formation of tension ties were monitored with two strain displacement transducers and a photo microscope with a lens of magnification 50 times. Three different cement composites such as conventional concrete, shrinkage-compensated SHCC, and normal SHCC were used in the tie specimens to investigate the influence of the cement composite type on the tension stiffening and cracking behavior. Test results indicated that initial shrinkage of the ultra high-strength cement composites is greatly reduced as the 10% replacement of cement by the shrinkage-compensating admixture based on calcium sulfo-aluminate (CSA). The test results on the SHCC tension ties showed that the first cracking load decreases proportionally to the initial shrinkage strain. Reinforced ultra high-strength SHCC ties with the initial shrinkage compensation exhibited improved tension stiffening and smaller crack spacings, i.e. the reduction in crack width. Cyclic loading did not have a significant effect on tension stiffening and cracking behavior of tension ties with normal concrete and SHCC materials.