• 제목/요약/키워드: calcium accumulation

검색결과 161건 처리시간 0.023초

Modest calcium increase in tomatoes expressing a variant of Arabidopsis cation/$H^+$ antiporter

  • Chung, Mi-Young;Han, Jeung-Sul;Giovannoni, James;Liu, Yang;Kim, Chang-Kil;Lim, Ki-Byung;Chung, Jae-Dong
    • Plant Biotechnology Reports
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.15-21
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    • 2010
  • The over-expression of Arabidopsis CAX1 and CAX2 causes transgenic tomato plants to reveal severe $Ca^{2+}$ deficiency-like symptoms such as tip-burn and/or blossom end rot, despite there being sufficient $Ca^{2+}$ in each plant part. To correct the symptoms and to moderately enhance the calcium level, a worldwide vegetable tomato was genetically engineered using a modified Arabidopsis cation/$H^+$ antiporter sCAX2A, a mutant form of Arabidopsis CAX2. Compared with the wild-type, the sCAX2A-expressing tomato plants demonstrated elevated $Ca^{2+}$ levels in the fruits with almost no changes in the levels of $Mn^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$, and $Fe^{2+}$. Moreover, expression of sCAX2A in tomato plants did not show any significant alterations in their morphological phenotypes. Unlike 35S::sCAX1 construct, sCAX2A antiporter gene driven by 35S promoter can be a valuable tool for enriching $Ca^{2+}$ contents in the tomato fruit without additional accumulation of the undesirable cations.

Seasonal changes in soil acidity and related properties in ginseng artificial bed soils under a plastic shade

  • You, Jiangfeng;Liu, Xing;Zhang, Bo;Xie, Zhongkai;Hou, Zhiguang;Yang, Zhenming
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제39권1호
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    • pp.81-88
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    • 2015
  • Background: In Changbai Mountains, Panax ginseng (ginseng) was cultivated in a mixture of the humus and albic horizons of albic luvisol in a raised garden with plastic shade. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ginseng planting on soil characteristics. Methods: The mixed-bed soils were seasonally collected at intervals of 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and 10-15 cm for different-aged ginsengs. Soil physico-chemical characteristics were studied using general methods. Aluminum was extracted from the soil solids with $NH_4Cl $(exchangeable Al) and Na-pyrophosphate (organic Al) and was measured with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: A remarkable decrease in the pH, concentrations of exchangeable calcium, $NH_4^+$, total organic carbon (TOC), and organic Al, as well as a pronounced increase in the bulk density were observed in the different-aged ginseng soils from one spring to the next. The decrease in pH in the ginseng soils was positively correlated with the $NH_4^+$ (r=0.463, p<0.01), exchangeable calcium (r=0.325, p<0.01) and TOC (r= 0.292, p < 0.05) concentrations. The $NO_3^-$ showed remarkable surface accumulation (0-5 cm) in the summer and even more in the autumn but declined considerably the next spring. The exchangeable Al fluctuated from $0.10mg\;g^{-1}$ to $0.50mg\;g^{-1}$ for dry soils, which was positively correlated with the $NO_3^-$ (r=0.401, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with the TOC (r=-0.329, p < 0.05). The Al saturation varied from 10% to 41% and was higher in the summer and autumn, especially in the 0-5 cmand 5-10 cm layers. Conclusion: Taken together, our study revealed a seasonal shift in soil characteristics in ginseng beds with plastic shade.

육방정 질화붕소 나노입자의 결정성에 미치는 불화칼슘 첨가의 영향 (Effect of CaF2 Addition on the Crystallinity of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanoparticles)

  • 정재용;김양도;김영국
    • 대한금속재료학회지
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    • 제56권12호
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    • pp.915-920
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    • 2018
  • With the development of modern microelectronics technologies, the power density of electronic devices is rapidly increasing, due to the miniaturization or integration of device elements which operate at high frequency, high power conditions. Resulting thermal problems are known to cause power leakage, device failure and deteriorated performance. To relieve heat accumulation at the interface between chips and heat sinks, thermal interface materials (TIMs) must provide efficient heat transport in the through-plane direction. We report on the enhanced thermal conduction of $Al_2O_3-based$ polymer composites, fabricated by the surface wetting and texturing of thermally conductive hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN) nanoplatelets with large anisotropy in morphology and physical properties. The thermally conductive polymer composites were prepared with hybrid fillers of $Al_2O_3$ macro beads and surface modified h-BN nanoplatelets. Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has high thermal conductivity and is one of the most suitable materials for thermally conductive polymer composites, which protect electronic devices by efficient heat dissipation. In this study, we synthesized hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles by the pyrolysis of cost effective precursors, boric acid and melamine. Through pyrolysis at $900^{\circ}C$ and subsequent annealing at $1500^{\circ}C$, hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles with diameters of ca. 50nm were synthesized. We demonstrate that the addition of a small amount of calcium fluoride ($CaF_2$) during the preparation of the melamine borate adduct significantly enhanced the crystallinity of the h-BN and assisted the growth of nanoplatelets up to 100nm in diameters. The addition of a small amount of h-BN enhanced the thermal conductivity of the $Al_2O_3-based$ polymer composites, from 1.45W/mK to 2.33 W/mK.

비닐하우스내(內) 토양(土壤)의 이화학적(理化學的) 성질(性質)에 관(關)하여 (Deterioration of the Physical Chemical Properties of the Vinyl House Soils by Continuous Vegetable Cropping)

  • 유순호;정영상;신용화
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제7권4호
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    • pp.227-234
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    • 1974
  • 비닐하우스 재배지(栽培地)에 대(對)하여 토양(土壤)의 성질(性質), 토양관리양식(土壤管理樣式) 및 연작(連作)이 토양염류(土壤鹽類) 집적(集積)에 미치는 영향(影響)과 염류(鹽類)의 집적(集積)이 토양(土壤)의 성질(性質)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 비닐하우스내(內) 토양(土壤)과 비닐하우스외(外) 토양(土壤)의 이화학적(理化學的) 성질(性質)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같다. 1. 비닐하우스내(內) 토양(土壤)의 염농도(鹽濃度)가 하우스외(外) 토양(土壤)의 염농도(鹽濃度)보다 높았으며, 심토(心土)보다는 표토(表土)에서 높았다. 2. 하우스내(內) 토양(土壤)의 표토(表土)에서 염농도(鹽濃度) (Y)는 연작년수(連作年數)(X)와 다음과 같은 회귀관계(回歸關係)가 성립(成立)되었다. 양질토(壤質土); Y=0.54X+1.44 ($$r=0.580^*$$) 식질토(埴質土); Y=0.58X+2.61 ($$r=0.524^*$$) 동기(冬期)하우스 재배(栽培)와 하기(夏期) 수도재배(水稻栽培)를 윤작(輪作)한 토양(土壤)의 염농도(鹽濃度)는 연작년수(連作年數)에 상관(相關) 없이 낮았다. 3. 침출성(浸出性) 양(陽) ion 중(中)에서는 calcium, sodium, 및 potasium의 함량(含量)이 비닐하우스 토양(土壤)에서 높았다. 4. 하우스내(內) 토양(土壤)의 내수성(耐水性) 입단율(粒團率)은 하우스외(外) 토양(土壤)의 내수성(耐水性) 입단율(粒團率)보다 낮았으며, 0.5mm 이하(以下)의 작은 입단(粒團)에서는 차이(差異)가 없었고, 1 mm 이상(以上)의 큰 입단(粒團)에서 그 차이(差異)가 심(甚)하였다. 5. 입단안정율(粒團安定率)은 sodium, potassium의 집적률(集積率)과 상관계수(相關係數) r이 각각(各各) $-0.681^{**}$, $-0.528^*$로 부상관(負相關)이 인정(認定)되었고, 1일(日) 관수량(灌水量)과는 상관계수(相關係數) r이 -0.477로 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 유기물(有機物)과는 상관계수(相關係數) r이 $0.692^{**}$로 정상관(正相關)이 인정(認定)되었으며, Calcium과는 상관계수(相關係數) r이 0.391로 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되지 않았다.

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생쥐에 있어서 카세인, 칼슘 및 우지가 카드뮴의 조직내 축적에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Dietary Calcium, Casein, and Suet on the Accumulation of Cadmium in Mice)

  • 정규생;김두희;정경동
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.340-350
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    • 1988
  • 식이조성에 따른 카드뮴의 조직내 축적에 미치는 영향을 규명할 목적으로 1988년 4월부터 5월까지 30일간 생쥐 90마리를 사육한 후, 에테르 마취로 도살한 뒤 장기를 적출하여 무게를 측정한 후 습식 분해하여 원자흡광분광광도계로 분석하였다. 카드뮴은 고농도 1회 투여군($100{\mu}g$ 경구투여)과 저농도 자유섭취군(50ppm 함유음용수 자유섭취)으로 구분하여 각각 카세인, 칼슘 및 우지식이군별로 시험하였다. 생존율은 대조군(기본사료+증류수)이 100%이었고, IV군(기본사료+Cd+Ca)의 고농도 1회 및 저농도 자유섭취군과 V군(기본사료+Cd+우지)의 저농도 자유섭취군이 각각 66.7%로 가장 낮았다. 최종 체중증가비는 모두 대조군의 42.3%보다 낮았으며 고농도 1회 투여군에서는 V군이 26.0%로 제일 낮았고 IV군이 42.3%로 가장 높았으며 저농도 자유섭취군에서는 II군(기본사료+카드뮴)이 11.6%로 가장 낮았고 IV군이 24.0%로 제일 높았다. 고농도 1회 투여후 5일까지는 거의 체중증가가 없었으나 그 이후 회복되었고, 저농도 자유섭취군의 체중증가는 미진한 경향을 보였다. 장기별 무게비는 간장은 고농도 1회 투여군과 저농도 자유섭취군 모두 II군이 가장 낮았으며, 신장과 비장은 고농도 1회 투여군의 II군이 가장 높았고 저농도 자유섭취군의 II군이 가장 낮았다. 대변으로의 카드뮴배설은 $100{\mu}g$ 1회 경구투여후 $1{\sim}2$일 사이에 거의 대부분 이루어졌다. 조직에 축적된 카드뮴 함량은 대조군보다 모두 유의하게 높게 나타났으며 간장, 신장, 비장 및 근육조직에서 식이별로는 고농도 1회 투여군과 저농도 자유섭취군 모두 II군이 가장 높게 나타났고 피부와 체모를 합한 것에서는 고농도 1회 투여군의 II군과 저농도 자유섭취군의 V군이 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. 그리고 저농도 자유섭취군의 각 장기 및 조직의 카드뮴 함량이 고농도 1회 투여군보다 월등히 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 보아 카세인, 칼슘 첨가식이가 카드뮴의 장관내 흡수를 저지하는 효과가 다소 있음을 알 수 있으며 이중 칼슘식이가 가장 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다.

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Triton WR-1339 주사에 의한 고지혈증 유발 생쥐 신장에 미치는 참홑파래 추출물의 지방축적 억제 영향 (The Lipid Accumulation Suppressive Effect of Monostroma nitidum In kidney of Murine with hyperlipidemia induced by Triton WR-1339)

  • 박인식;안상현;최난희;김진택
    • 동국한의학연구소논문집
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.87-98
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    • 1998
  • 본 실험은 참흩파래 추출물의 항고지혈증 효과의 조사를 위해 시행된 것으로 ICR 생쥐에Triton WR-1339(TX) 복강주사로 고지혈증을 유발시킨 후 참흩파래 추출물(30mg/kg)를 복강주사하여 시간의 경과에 따른 신장조직의 일반적인 형태변화와 콜레스테롤을 비롯한 지방입자 축적양상 변화를 관찰하였다. TX 주사 후 신장조직에서 나타나는 일반적인 형태변화는 콩팥소체의 혈관극과 요세관극 모두에서 단층편평상피인 보우만주머니의 외벽이 비후되어 단층입방상피의 형태로 바뀌었으며 요세관 공간도 확장되었다. 지방입자는 사구체 전지역, 근위곱슬세관, 원위곱슬세관 그리고 헨레고리에서 침착이 증가된 것으로 나타났으며, 지방입자의 크기도 증가하였다. 또한 콜레스테롤 입자도 전 지역에서 월등하게 증가한 분포양상을 보였다. 그러나 TX 주사 후 참흩파래 추출물 처리군에서는 보우만주머니 외벽세포의 비후와 요세관공간의 확장을 일부 콩팥소체에서만 관찰할 수 있었으며, 대부분은 정상적인 신장형태를 유지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 지방입자는 TX 주사군에 비해 그 분포와 크기가 감소한 것 나타났으며. 또한 콜레스테롤입자도 일부 지역에서 나타나 그 분포가 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 참흩파래 추출물은 TX 주사로 고지혈증이 유발된 생쥐에 대해 콜레스테롤을 비롯한 지방축적을 억제하는 항고지혈증 효과을 하는 것으로 사료된다.

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Triton WR-1339에 의한 고콜레스테롤증 유발시 해조류 김 추출물의 신장내 콜레스테롤 축적 감소효과 (The cholesterol Accumulation decreasing effect of Porpbyra yezoensis extract in kidney of Murine with hypercholesterolemia induced by Triton WR-1339)

  • 박인식;안상현;정재만;김진택;김호현
    • 동국한의학연구소논문집
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.43-51
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    • 1998
  • 본 실험은 김 추출물이 고콜레스테롤증 유발시 발생되는 신장내의 과도한 콜레스테롤 축적에 대한 감소효과의 조사를 위해 ICR 생쥐에 Triton WR-1339(TX) 복강주사로 인위적인 고지혈증을 유발시킨 후 김 추출물(30mg/kg)을 복강주사하여 시간의 경과에 따른 신장조직에서의 콜레스테롤을 비롯한 지방입자의 축적양상 변화를 관찰하였다. TX 주사로 고콜레스테롤증 유발시 신장조직 전지역, 즉 사구체, 근위곱슬세관, 원위곱슬세관 그리고 헨레고리에서 콜레스테롤을 비롯한 지방입자의 축적이 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 고콜레스테롤증시 나타나는 신장내의 일련의 변화는 김 추출물 처리후 콜레스테롤을 비롯한 지방입자의 축적이 신장조직 전 지역에서 현저하게 감소된 것으로 관찰되었으며, 이러한 감소는 TX 주사후 48시간에서 가장 잘 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 해조류 김 추출물은 고콜레스증 유발된 신장내의 과도한 콜레스테롤을 비롯한 지방축적을 감소시키는 항고콜레스테롤증 효과을 하는 것으로 사료된다.

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Compound K induced apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release through ryanodine receptor in human lung cancer cells

  • Shin, Dong-Hyun;Leem, Dong-Gyu;Shin, Ji-Sun;Kim, Joo-Il;Kim, Kyung-Tack;Choi, Sang Yoon;Lee, Myung-Hee;Choi, Jung-Hye;Lee, Kyung-Tae
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제42권2호
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    • pp.165-174
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    • 2018
  • Background: Extended endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may initiate apoptotic pathways in cancer cells, and ER stress has been reported to possibly increase tumor death in cancer therapy. We previously reported that caspase-8 played an important role in compound K-induced apoptosis via activation of caspase-3 directly or indirectly through Bid cleavage, cytochrome c release, and caspase-9 activation in HL-60 human leukemia cells. The mechanisms leading to apoptosis in A549 and SK-MES-1 human lung cancer cells and the role of ER stress have not yet been understood. Methods: The apoptotic effects of compound K were analyzed using flow cytometry, and the changes in protein levels were determined using Western blot analysis. The intracellular calcium levels were monitored by staining with Fura-2/AM and Fluo-3/AM. Results: Compound K-induced ER stress was confirmed through increased phosphorylation of $eIF2{\alpha}$ and protein levels of GRP78/BiP, XBP-1S, and $IRE1{\alpha}$ in human lung cancer cells. Moreover, compound-K led to the accumulation of intracellular calcium and an increase in m-calpain activities that were both significantly inhibited by pretreatment either with BAPTA-AM (an intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ chelator) or dantrolene (an RyR channel antagonist). These results were correlated with the outcome that compound K induced ER stress-related apoptosis through caspase-12, as z-ATAD-fmk (a specific inhibitor of caspase-12) partially ameliorated this effect. Interestingly, 4-PBA (ER stress inhibitor) dramatically improved the compound K-induced apoptosis. Conclusion: Cell survival and intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ homeostasis during ER stress in human lung cancer cells are important factors in the induction of the compound K-induced apoptotic pathway.

Rat에 있어서 실험적 납중독이 체조직내 납 및 무기질함량에 미치는 영향 (The effects of lead poisoning on the accumulation of lead, zinc, copper, iron and calcium in tissues of rats)

  • 권오덕;이주묵;이승옥;박진호;이현범;장종식;채준석
    • 대한수의학회지
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.709-718
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    • 1996
  • This experiment was carried out to clarify the effect of lead poisoning on the lead and essential trace elements homeostasis of tissues in rats. Fifty female Wistar rats, 7 weeks old, were divided into four experimental groups(B, C, D, and E) and a control(A). The four experimental groups received diets contaminated artificially with 10 (B group), 100 (C group), 1,000 (D group) and 5,000 (E group) ${\mu}g/g$ of lead as lead acetate, respectively. The control group received normal diet. Rats were necropsied on the 4th or 8th week of experimental periods and heart, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, lung and hair were taken. The tissues were analysed for lead, copper, zinc, iron and calcium content by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. From these experiments following results ware obtained ; In C group, lead content of the heart, liver, kidney and hair were significantly increased both on the 4th and 8th week of experiment. In D and E group, lead content of all tissues including heart, liver, spleen, kidney, muscle, hair and lung were significantly increased in accordance with the lead contamination both on the 4th and 8th week of experiment. In C group, copper content of tissues were significantly increased in the heart, liver, kidney and lung on the 4th week and all tissues on the 8th week of experimental periods. In D and E group, copper content of the liver were significantly increased both on the 4th and 8th week of experiment. But the copper content of tissues were gradually decreased compared with C group in accordance with the lead contamination. Especially the content in spleen, heart or kidney were significantly decreased compared with the control group. The zinc content of kidney, heart, or spleen were decreased in D and E groups whereas the iron and calcium content showed no significant change.

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Effect of Slurry Composting Biofiltration (SCB) Liquid Manure on Shoot Growth and Fruit Qualities of Peach (Prunus persica L.) and Soil Chemical Properties in Orchard

  • Park, Jin Myeon;Lee, Seong Eun;Lim, Tae Jun;Noh, Jae Seung
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제46권6호
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    • pp.530-535
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    • 2013
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effect of slurry composting and biofiltration (SCB) liquid manure application on shoot growth, fruit qualities and soil chemical properties in peach orchard. SCB liquid manure was fertigated ten times from April to October in SCB plot, whereas chemical fertilizer was treated two times as basal and additional fertilizers in control plot. The shoot growth, leaf nitrogen and potassium content, soil exchangeable K, fruit weight and yield were higher in SCB plot than in control. Soluble solid content and acidity, soil organic matter, soil available phosphate and soil exchangeable Mg showed no significant difference between treatments, and the leaf calcium and magnesium content were lower in SCB plot than in control. In conclusion, fertigating SCB liquid manure in peach orchard has positive effects on fruit weight and yield, and it is suggested that periodical soil testing is needed because of the possibility of K accumulation in SCB liquid manure treated soil when the orchard is fertigated based on the soil nitrogen content.