• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 1973

1) The optimum temperature for mass rearing of stable fly was $26^{\circ}C$ centigrade. Number of days required for stage of development at $26^{\circ}C$ were 6.8 days for larval stage, 5.3 days for pupla stage, 10.4 days for preovipositionla stage, and 30 days for adult stage respectively. 3) The pupation rate, emergence rate and sex ratio were $80.7\%,\;84.3\%$ and 1 : 1, respectively. 3) The average weight of pupae was 14.5mg, and the standard medium showed better result in larvae rearing than wheat bran medium. 4) The optimum number of eggs for inoculation on 125gr medium was approximately 310. 5) Optimum size of resting place was determined as $2inch^2/adult$ when it reared in a rectangular cage.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.30-34
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• 1988

In roastal fish farms the farmers, especialy engaging in dealing with the floating cage culture, going to know about relationships between holding capacity and water quality in cage. Some of water quality managers and specialists studing physiological ecology understand that the key of water quality management concerned fish farming is budget of dissolved oxygen. This paper deals with oxygen budget in floating cage of the yellow tail farms at southern coastal area in Korea. The sampling station is located at Konli-Do fish farm near Chungmu, and the data is collected for 24 hours from 3:00 p.m. 8th September 1987. In result, the needed oxygen coming after the consumption by the rearing fish had been supplied with the tide current exchange, the sum of oxygen produced by phytoplankton photosynthesis and diffused from atmosphere are no more that $43\%$ for the needs of sea water consumption included respiration of planktons and decomposition of organic matters. The optimum holding capacity of cage is possible to compute with the calculation of minimum diurnal water exchange rate $[Qin{\cdot}V^{-1}\;(C-\bar{c})]$ through net mesh of cage.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2014

The effects of different stocking densities on the growth and survival rate of the abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, were investigated in marine net cage for two years. Stocking density was set 15, 30, 45 and 60 percentage $(=per.)/m^2$ with share to cross-sectional area per shelter. The primary rearing period (PRP) and the secondary rearing period (SRP) were conducted by a year. One year mean water temperature of PRP and SRS showed the difference about $2^{\circ}C$. In the growth (initial mean shell length of abalone : $36.14{\pm}2.28mm$) of PRP, the absolute growth rate (ARG), daily growth rate (DGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of the $15per./m^2$ were higher than those of density groups (P < 0.05). Survival rates of all density groups were showed no significant difference. In the growth (mean shell length of abalone : $55.26{\pm}6.93mm$) of SRP, ARG, DGR and SGR of stocking density groups showed no significant difference except for $45per./m^2$ density group. Survival rate in the low-density (15, $30per./m^2$) was more than 70%, and those of the high-density (45, $60per./m^2$) were less than 31% and 9%, respectively. These results showed that the appropriate stocking density for $15per./m^2$ was seven hundred fifty number per one net cage ($2.4{\times}2.4m$), during PRP using 3-4 cm abalone in length. Also for the secondary rearing period, the optimal stocking density (shell length 5-6 cm of abalone) consider with the economical efficiency was determined to be $30per./m^2$, resulting the productivity improved.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.436-442
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• 2006

This research was conducted to design and develop a wired monitoring system for judging if sick or dead layers (SDL) exist in multi-tier layers battery (MLB) by machine vision, and to analyze its performance. In this study, 20 Brown Leghorn (Hi-Brown) layers aged 37 weeks old, were used as the experimental animals. The intensity of concern paid by layers on feed was over 90% during 5 minutes and 30 seconds after providing feed, and normal layers (NL) had been standing to take feed for that period. Therefore, in this study, the optimal judging time was set by this test result. The wired monitoring system developed was consisted of a driving device for carrying machine vision systems, a control program, a RS232 to RS485 convertor, an automatic positioning system, and an image capture system. An image processing algorithm was developed to find SDL in MLB by the processes of binary processing, erosion, expansion, labeling, and reckoning central coordinate of the captured images. The optimal velocity for driving unit was set up as 0.13 m/s by the test results for wired monitoring system, and the proximity switch was controlled not to be operated for 1.0 second after first image captured. The wired monitoring system developed was tested to evaluate the remote monitoring performance at lab-scale laying hen house. Results showed that its judgement success.ate on normal cage (without SDL) was 87% and that on abnormal cage (with SDL) was 90%, respectively. Therefore, it would be concluded that the wired monitoring system developed in this study was well suited to the purpose of this study.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.19-45
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was performed to analyse the effects of Sweet Bee Venom(Sweet BV-pure melittin, the major component of honey bee venom) on the central nervous system in rats. Methods: All experiments were conducted at Biotoxtech Company, a non-clinical studies authorized institution, under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). Male rats of 5 weeks old were chosen for this study and after confirming condition of rats was stable, Sweet BV was administered in thigh muscle of rats. And checked the effects of Sweet BV on the central nervous system using the functional observational battery (FOB), which is a neuro-toxicity screening assay composed of 30 descriptive, scalar, binary, and continuous endpoints. And home cage observations, home cage removal and handling, open field activity, sensorimotor reflex test/physiological measurements were conducted. Results: 1. In the home cage observation, there was not observed any abnormal signs in rats. 2. In the observation of open field activity, the reduction of number of unit areas crossed and rearing count was observed caused by Sweet BV treatment. 3. In the observation of handling reactivity, there was not observed any abnormal signs in rats. 4. In the observation of sensorimotor reflex tests/physiological measurements, there was not observed any neurotoxic signs in rats. 5. In the measurement of rectal temperature, treatment of Sweet BV did not showed great influences in the body temperature of rats. Conclusions: Above findings suggest that Sweet BV is relatively safe treatment in the central nervous system. But in the using of over dose, Sweet BV may the cause of local pain and disturbance of movement. Further studies on the subject should be conducted to yield more concrete evidences.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.181-195
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• 2001

To stabilize the lantern cage culture system of Patinopecten yessoensis(Jay) in the eastern coast of Korean peninsula, optimum conditions such as time of transplantation, rearing density and depth, and time of harvest were identified. During the period from January 1991 to December 1998, the water temperature ranged from 4.7 to 21.4$^{\circ}C$ at 15-30 m depth and 4.9 to 25.7$^{\circ}C$ at the surface; these thermal ranges were within the optimal ranges (5-23$^{\circ}C$) prevailing at 15-30 m depth at surface water. Annual thermal changes indicated that the prevailing temperature during the years 1993 and 1996 was near optimum, but higher during the years 1994, 1997 and 1998, when mass mortality and growth retardation occurred. Salinity (32.0- 34.4$\textperthousand$) and dissolved oxygen (4.14 -8.11 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l) at 15 m depth were well within the optimum ranges. The chlorophyll concentrations (0.06 - 2.73$\mu\textrm{g}$/l) indicated that the study area was oligotrophic, although mass mortality did occur, when chlorophyll concentrations were high, especially in summer. Hence water temperatures and chlorophyll concentration are major factors related to survival and growth of the scallop. In terms of the shell height maximum growth occurred during spring (March-May; 8 - l3$^{\circ}C$) and fall (October-December; 11-l7$^{\circ}C$) in the lantern cage culture. Slow growth was recorded during late winter January-february; less than 7$^{\circ}C$) and mid-summer (August- September; more than 18$^{\circ}C$). Daily growth of shell height and total weight were 0.02∼0.24 mm and -0.07∼0.90 g at the rearing density of 12 individuals per net. Optimal .earing density in the lantern cage (ø50${\times}$20 cm) was 10∼15 individuals with the shell height of 5∼6 cm. The fastest growth rates were observed at 15∼20 m depth; however, it is recommended that 20∼30 m would be optimal. The scallops require 22 months to attain the commercial size of 10 cm shell height and 140 g total weigh, and are best harvested and sold during March-April.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2008

The experiment was conducted to determine effect of the mixed herbal medicine for the substitution of antibiotics on the performance of laying hens. Day old hyline 1,500 layer chicks were randomly assigned to 4 treatments. Control were 600 chicks and there were three treatments of each 300 chicks. The 4 treatments were as follows: the mixed herbal medicine 0.1%(T-1), 0.3%(T-2) and 0.5%(T-3) after removed antibiotics on commercial feed and commercial feed( control) from 5th week to 13th week, each treatment was replicated 3 times and from 14th week to 18th week. Each 100 hens of the mixed herbal medicine 0.1%(CT-1), 0.3%(CT-2) and 0.5%(CT-3) were moved to cage. Body weight were measured on 4th, 8th, 13th week and feed intake, mortality were measured on every weeks. Body weight at fourth week, all treatments tended to be higher than control and T-3 statistically was highest(p<0.01). On 8th week, also treatments statistically high and T-1 was highest(p<0.01). But 12th week, there was not significantly different among treatments. Therefore it will be possible that the mixed herbal medicine substitute for antibiotics after vaccination. Mortality was not different between treatment and control overall rearing period. Early laying period($19{\sim}41wk$), T-2 showed highest feed intake(107.1g) among treatments, later laying period($42{\sim}77wk$), T-1 showed highest feed intake(134.3g) and was not any different among each treatments.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2016

The effect of different feeding rate on the growth and survival rate of 3-year-old abalone, Haliotis dicsus hannai were investigated in marine net cage culture. Feeding rate is determined that was fed 5, 10, 15 and 20 percentage to abalone at body weight once daily : 5 daily feeding rate (DFR), 10 DFR, 15 DFR and 20 DFR. After that, it was conducted to reared during thirteen month with two replicates in net cage culture. In the growth performance of reared abalone (initial mean shell length $73.77{\pm}11.27mm$) in net cage culture, that the absolute growth rate (ARG), daily growth rate (DGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) to the shell length and shell breadth, as well as weight gain (WG), daily weight gain (DWG) and specific weight gain (SWG) to body weight of 5 DFR were higher than those of different groups (P < 0.05). Also, survival rate of all feeding rate groups was not significant, but it was showed bellow 30 percents. Therefore, these results is showed that the daily feeding rate for natural feed of 3-year-old abalones reared in net cage culture should be to supply among five to ten percents.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.421-426
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• 2009

This study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of vocalization of laying hen related with space in battery cage. The size of cages were classified into control (0.30 m ${\times}$ 0.14 m ${\times}$ 0.55 m, length ${\times}$ width ${\times}$ height), small (0.21 m ${\times}$ 0.14 m ${\times}$ 0.55 m) and large (0.30 m ${\times}$ 0.30 m ${\times}$ 0.55 m) size. Vocalization of 16 individuals of laying hen in each group of Hy-Line Brown (80 week old) were recorded 3 hours per day (10:00am~11:00am, 3:00pm~4:00pm and 7:00pm~8:00pm) using digital recorder and microphone during October 2008 and February 2009. Characteristics of frequency, intensity and duration of vocalization were analyzed by GLM (general linear model) and Duncan's multi-test. There were differences in basic and maximum frequency, and intensity based on analysis of spectrogram and spectrum among different cage sizes. Vocalization of laying hen would be one of the indicators to understand the stress caused by rearing space in batter cage.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2014

This study was conduct to investigate the effect of Intermediate culture types on the growth and survival rate of the abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, in net cage and indoor tank. Intermediate cultures were to determine there that was to setting at marine net cage culture (NCC) in net cage, floor culture (FC), net floor culture (NFC), double shelter culture (DSC) and indoor net cage culture (INCC) in indoor tank, in two replicate. In the growth performance of juvenile abalone reared through intermediate culture, that the absolute growth rate ($AGR_{SL}$, $AGR_{SB}$), daily growth rate ($DGR_{SL}$, $DGR_{SB}$), and specific growth rate ($SGR_{SL}$, $SGR_{SB}$) to the shell length $(_{SL})$ and shell breadth $(_{SB})$ of NCC were higher than those of different groups (P < 0.05). As weight gain (WG), daily weight gain (DWG) and specific weight gain (SWG) to body weight through intermediate culture types in indoor tank was not significant. Also that, survival rate among experimental groups of intermediate culture in indoor tank was not significant. Therefore, these results is showed that should to cultivate for net cage so that intermediate culture of juvenile abalone over 2 cm, accordingly research to effective progress of juvenile abalone intermediate culture in indoor tank be should from various reason as well as feed and rearing condition.