• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.775-780
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• 2014

Micellar enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) was used to remove cadmium from an aqueous solution using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a surfactant. Operational parameters such as initial permeate flux, retentate pressure, initial cadmium concentration, pH solution, molecular weight cut-off (MWCO), and molar ratio of cadmium to SDS were investigated. Removal efficiency of cadmium from an aqueous solution increased with an increase of retentate pressure, pH solution and molar ratio of cadmium to SDS, and decreased with an increase of initial permeate flux. Higher removal efficiency of cadmium from the aqueous solution was achieved using lower MWCO (smaller membrane pore size). Under optimized experimental condition, cadmium removal efficiency reached 74.6 % within an hour. Using MEUF-ACF hybrid process the removal efficiency of both cadmium and SDS was found to be over 90%.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2009

Yellow sand (or Asian dust) occurs mainly in spring in East Asia. Yellow sand from China and its surrounding regions transports air pollutants, such as aerosols, ozone, and heavy metals. The outdoor workers are frequently exposed to heavy metals during yellow sand phenomenon. This study was carried out to investigate the heavy metal levels in blood among 75 outdoor workers (exposed group) and 86 indoor workers (controled group) in Gyeonggi province from March 2008 to May 2009. Heavy metal levels in blood were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Mean blood lead levels in exposed group and controled group were $5.19{\pm}1.64{\mu}g/dL$, $4.24{\pm}1.34{\mu}g/dL$, respectively. Mean blood cadmium levels in exposed group and controled group were $1.28{\pm}0.89{\mu}g/dL$, $0.90{\pm}0.59{\mu}g/dL$, respectively. Lead and Cadmium levels in blood of exposed group were significantly higher than those of controled group. In the comparison of smoking status, lead and cadmium levels of smokers were significantly higher than those of non-smokers. In conclusion, the heavy metal levels of outdoor workers were significantly higher than those of indoor workers. And smoking was hazardous factor to elevate heavy metal levels in blood.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생태학회 2002년도 VIII 세계생태학대회
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• pp.119-125
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• 2002

Application of phytoremediation in the polluted area to remove undesirable materials is a complex and difficult subject without detailed investigation and experimentation. We investigated the accumulation patterns of cadmium and lead in plants naturally grown, the bioavailability of plants to accumulate these toxic metals and the responses of P. thunbergii to cadmium and lead. The soil samples contained detectable lead (<17.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/g), whereas cadmium was not detected in the soils of study area. The whole body of Persicaria thunbergii contained detectable lead (<320.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/g) but cadmium was detected only in the stem (<7.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/g) and root (<10.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/g) of P. thunbergii. Cadmium was not detected in Trapa japonica and Nymphoides peltata, whereas lead was detected in T. japonica (<323.7$\mu\textrm{g}$/g) and N. peltata (<177.5$\mu\textrm{g}$/g). Correlation coefficient between lead content in soil and in these plant samples represented positive correlation. The total content of lead in each plant sample increased in the order of N.peltata$\leq$P.thunbergii

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2002

Application of phytoremediation in the polluted area to remove undesirable materials is a complex and difficult subject without detailed investigation and experimentation. We investigated the accumulation patterns of cadmium and lead in plants naturally grown, the bioavailability of plants to accumulate these toxic metals and the responses of P. thunbergii to cadmium and lead. The soil samples contained detectable lead (＜$17.5_\mu$g/g), whereas cadmium was not detected in the soils of study area. The whole body of Persicaria thunbergii contained detectable lead (＜320.$8_\mu$g/g/g) but cadmium was detected only in the stem (＜7.$4_\mu$g/g/g) and root (＜10.$4_\mu$g/g/g) of P. thunbergii. Cadmium was not detected in Trapa japonica and Nymphoides peltata, whereas lead was detected in T. japonica (＜323.$7_\mu$g/g/g) and N. peltata (＜177.$5_\mu$g/g/g). Correlation coefficient between lead content in soil and in these plant samples represented positive correlation. The total content of lead in each plant sample increased in the order of N. peltata$\leq$P. thunbergii

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.29-30
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• 2003

The heavy metal cadmium is a xenobiotic toxicant of environmental and occupational concern and it has been classified as a human carcinogen. Inhalation of cadmiumhas been implicated in the development of emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis, but, the detailed mechanism by which cadmium induces adverse biological effects is not yet known.(omitted)

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.183-190
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• 1979

아연 광산 지역의 오이와 토양으로 부터 cadmium 내성균의 분리를 시도하여 강도 cadmium 내성균인 17 균주를 순수 분리했다. 강도 cadmium 내성균인 C-7 균주에 대하여 미생물학적 성질과 세포내의 cadmium 축적에 대하여 검토했다. 본 내성균, C-7은 Erwinia sp. 고정되었으며 2,800ppm의 cadmium에 내성을 나타내는 고도 cadmium 내성균이었다. 본내성균은 cadmium 100 ppm의 농도에 무첨가시의 생육과 거의 같은 증식을 나타냈으나500ppm 이상의 농도에서는 유도기가 연장되며 1,000 ppm 이상의 농도에서는 증식이 조지되었다. 본 내성균은 cadmium 이외의 중금속에 대해서도 내성을 나타냈다. 고도 cadmium 내성균인 Erwinia sp. C-7 균은 50ppm의 C$d^{2+}$ 함유 배지에 28$^{\circ}C$, 24시간 진탕배양하므로 배지중의 cadmium을 57.2%, 28.60 mg /g dry cell의 cadmium을 군체내에 축적하였다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

Lead and cadmium are potent environmental toxicants that affect populations living in Europe. Americas, and Asia. Identifying transporters for lead and cadmium could potentially 1 help us better understand possible risk factors. The iron transporter, divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), mediates intestinal transport of cadmium, and lead in yeast and fobroblasts overexpressing DMT1. In human intestinal cells knocking down expression of DMT1 attenuated uptake of cadmium and iron but not lead. A possible explanation is the expression of a second transporter for lead in intestine. In astrocytes, however, DMT1 appears to transport lead in an extracellular buffer at pH value. At neutral pH, transport was not mediated by DMT1 but rather by a transporter that is stimulated by bicarbonate and inhibited by 4,4'-diisothiocyanatodihydrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid. The identity of this lead transporter will beverified by future study.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.325-330
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• 1981

Ni-Cd 전지 중 카드뮴 전극을 수산화 칼륨용액 중에서 각종 조건의 변화에 따른 cyclic voltammetry를 행하여 카드뮴전극의 전기화학적 거동을 검토하였으며 voltammogram에 나타나는 peak전위 근처의 각 전위에서 정전위 전해를 하여 충, 방전상태의 전기화학적 거동을 X-선 회절선도의 해석 결과와 결부시켜 전극반응 메카니즘을 종합적으로 검토하였다. 수산화카드뮴 마이너스 전극의 음극분극 곡선에는 두 개의 peak가 나타난다. 마이너스극의 수산화카드뮴은 제 1 peak 전위에서 카드뮴 금속으로 환원되고 제 2 peak 전위에 도달하면 매우 활성이 큰 금속 상태로 되며 (002)면이 (101)면보다 성장이 매우 크다. 또한 제 2 peak 전위의 카드뮴은 산소와의 선택적인 반응이 급속히 일어남을 알 수 있었다. 본 실험의 결과 카드뮴극과 산소와의 반응은 화학적 반응인 $2Cd + O_2 + 2H_2O\;{\longrightarrow}\;2Cd(OH)_2$으로 진행된다고 추정하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.342-350
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• 2009

The interaction of cadmium (II) ion with quercetin and (+)-catechin was investigated in aqueous solution at various pH. The flavonoid/cadmium stochiometries for cadmium (II) binding to quercetin and (+)-catechin have been determined by UV-vis spectroscopy. 1 : 1 Cd (II)-Flavonoid complex had a maximum absorbance and showed the bathochromic shift of the long-wavelength band of the UV-vis spectra in the alkaline pH, that occurs upon complexation, due to a ligandto-metal charge transfer. These results suggest that Cd (II)-flavonoid complex has the optimal condition of chelation in 0.2 M $NH_3$ - 0.2 M $NH_4Cl$ (pH 8.0) solution.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.597-607
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• 1996

This study has been investigated the potenial of increased dietary cysteine to alter the effects of cadmium and lead on tissure and bone metal concentrations, excretion and tissue metallothionein(MT) concentrations. Fifty-four male rats of Sprgue-Dawley strain weighing 149$\pm$17g were divided into 9 groups according to body weight. Nine experimental diets with different cadmium (0ppm, 400ppm), lead(0ppm, 710ppm) and cysteine (0.06%, 0.45%, 0.90%) levels were given to rats for 30 days ; Food intake, weight gain, F.E.R, and weights of liver, kidney and femur were decreased in cadmium supplied groups than in cadmium free groups. Urinary and fecal cadmium excretions were increased and MT synthesis we induced in liver, kidney and small intestine in cadmium supplied groups. In lead supplied groups, weight gain and F.E.R were decreased. With cysteine supplementation in cadmium supplied groups, weight gain and F.E.R, and weights of liver, kidney and femur were increased. Cadmium excretion in feces and MT concentrations in liver and kidney were also increased with cysteine supplementation. In lead supplied groups, there was no significant increase in food intake, weight gain and F.E.R with cysteine supplementation. Lead excretion in feces was increased in cysteine supplemented groups. In conclusion, effect of cadmium administration was more toxic than lead adminstration. Cysteine alleviated cadmium and lead toxicity by increasing metallothionein concentration and fecal excretions of heavy metals. Especially, effect of cysteine supplementation was more effective in cadmium groups than in lead groups. Effect of cysteine supplementation was not different with level of cysteine supplementation in both cadmium and lead groups.