• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.389-399
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• 2004

Metallothionein (MT), a small protein molecule which can bind or release metal ions, is involved in the regulation of cellular metal homeostasis. This study was investigated the accumulation of cadmium in blood, tissue (liver, kidney and brain), and the effect of cadmium on several key genes (MT-I, MT-II, ZnT-1) in zinc metabolism in the mouse. Mouses weighing 20∼25 g were randomly assigned to control and cadmium treated group (Cd group). Cd group was intraperitoneally injected with cadmium 2, 4, 8 mg/kg and control group was administerd with saline. Mouses of each group were sacrificed by decapitation 4 hours after the administration of cadmium. Cadmium contents in blood, liver, kidney and brain were increased by a dose-dependent manner. Accumulation of cadmium was mainly occurred in liver and kidney. Induction of MT-I and MT-II protein was increased, but ZnT-1 expression was decreased in a dose-dependent manner by the treatment of 2∼8 mg/kg cadmium. These results suggested that cadmium can be transported to brain and alter the expression of several key genes in zinc homeostasis.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 1999

The heavy metal concentrations in seawater and winkles (Littorina brevicula) collected from the Onsan bay area in southeast of Korea were analyzed. The heavy metal concentrations in the seawater obtained from the most polluted site showed approximately 189. 205. and 110 fold higher cadmium, copper. and zinc concentrations, respectively. than the uncontaminated control site. The contamination levels of these metals in winkles were 11.08 - 2.35, 334.5 - 212.5, and 426.0 - 499.2$\mu\textrm{g}$ per gram dry body weight. respectively. The concentrations of all three metals in both the seawater and winkles decreased gradually with increasing distance from Daejeong stream, suggesting the stream being the major source of heavy metal input into the bay. Among the four body parts of digestive gland and gonad. gill. kidney, and remaining tissue in contaminated winkles, kidney showed the highest accumulation level of cadmium: copper and zinc, however. were more or less distributed among the four body parts. Upon gel filtration chromatography of the cytosol from the kidney of cadmium induced winkles, one cadmium peak corresponded to the elution peak of horse kidney metallothionein.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.635-645
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• 1994

The environmental pollution by heavy metals has become a significant hygenic problem. Recently it is said the garlic supplementation in diet have protective effect on the heavy metal accumulation in tissue of rat by a researcher. In this study two experiments were undertaken. Firstly, dogs were fed diet supplemented with cadmium of cadmium plus 7% of raw garlic for 50 days. on the 50th day of experiment all dogs were euthanasied and the cadmium content of various tissue were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometeric method. Secondly, in order to find out the toxic effect of garlic dogs were fed diet supplemented with 7% of raw garlic for 50 days and hematological or hematochemical observations were undertaken at 10 day intervals. The results obtained from these experiments were summarized as follows; 1. In dogs treated with cadmium and cadmium plus garlic cadmium was accumulated in renal cortex, liver, and muscle. However the concentrations of cadmium showed no significant between the two group. 2. In dogs fed diets supplemented with 7% of raw garlic significant decrease of erythrocyte count, packed cell volume and hemoglobin content and significant increase of Heinz body erythrocyte and reticulocyte count were recognized. 3. The garlic-treated dogs and control dogs had normal asparate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphotase, blood urea nitrogen value. The value showed no significant difference between the two group. 4. From these results it may be concluded that the garlic have protective effect for cadmium accmulation in tissue and excess garlic in diet could induce hemolytic anemia in dogs.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.2180-2186
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• 2011

카드뮴의 신장 내 축적에 대한 감두탕 투여의 억제효과를 알아보고자 흰쥐에 1.7 ${\mu}g/g/day$, 3.4 ${\mu}g/g/day$ 및 6.8 ${\mu}g/g/day$의 카드뮴을 투여한 군과 위의 농도별 카드뮴과 감두탕을 혼합투여한 군과의 체중 변화, 신장의 카드뮴 축적량 및 신장조직의 병리학적 소견을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 대조군과 각 실험군의 체중은 감두탕을 투여하지 않은 군은 대조군보다 유의하게 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 감두탕을 투여한 군에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 신장 중의 카드뮴 축적량은 모든 군에서 1주, 2주는 감두탕을 투여한 군이 감두탕을 투여하지 않은 군보다 증가하는 경향이었고, 4주, 8주에서는 감두탕을 투여하지 않은 군이 감두탕을 투여한 군보다 증가하는 경향이었다. 신장조직의 병리조직학적 관찰 결과, 감두탕을 투여하지 않은 군은 사구체의 출혈성 괴사, 뇨세관의 종창, 상피세포의 탈락 및 뇨세관의 괴사가 관찰되었으나 감두탕을 투여한 군에서는 조직병변이 미약하게 관찰되었다. 이상과 같은 결과를 볼 때, 감두탕은 저농도의 카드뮴이 생체 내에 투여될 때 흰쥐의 신장 내 축적되는 카드뮴을 어느 정도 억제시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 1991

Cd첨가량(添加量)과 Cd원(源)을 달리하여 조제(調製)한 사료(飼料)로 생쥐를 12주간(週間) 사육(飼育)한 후(後) 체중(體重)과 생쥐내 장기(臟器)의 무게에 따른 성장속도(成長速度)를 조사(調査)하고 생쥐의 장기(臟器)들 즉(卽), 신장(腎臟), 간(肝), 심장(心臟), 허파, 비장(脾臟) 및 전혈중(全血中)에 축적(蓄積)되는 Cd축적작용(蓄積作用)을 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 사육시기(飼育時期) 9주(週)째에 생쥐의 체중증가(體重增加)는 Cd첨가수준(添加水準)에 따라 달라져서 사료중(飼料中)의 Cd을 많이 첨가(添加)하여 사육(飼育)하는 생쥐일수록 체중(體重)이 적어졌다. 2. 장기(臟器)의 무게는 Cd무첨가(無添加) 사료(飼料)로 사육(飼育)한 생쥐가 신장(腎臟), 간(肝), 심장(心臟), 비장(脾臟) 등(等)의 장기(臟器)의 종류(種類)에 관계(關係)없이 무거웠다. 그러나 Cd을 첨가(添加)하여 생육(生育)한 생쥐에서는 Cd첨가수준차이(添加水準差異)에 따른 장기(臟器)의 무게 차이(差異)를 인정(認定)하기 어려웠다. 3. 장기내(臟器內)에 Cd축적작용(蓄積作用)은 신장(腎臟)과 간(肝)에서 가장 높았고 심장(心臟)이 그 다음이었으며 축적농도(蓄積濃度)는 사료중(飼料中)의 Cd함량(含量)이 많을수록 높아지는 비례적(比例的) 관계(關係)를 나타내었다. 4. 사료중(飼料中) Cd농도(濃度)가 낮을수록 모든 장기(臟器) 및 혈액(血液)에 축적(蓄積)되는 비율(比率)이 높아짐을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 1981

카드뮴에 오염될 가능성이 있는 아연 광산지역의 오니로부터 중금속내성균을 분리한 고도카드뮴내성 효모인 B-7 배양조건 및 균체내 카드뮴의 축적에 대하여 검토했다. 효모 B-7은 3,000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$의 카드뮴 합유배지에서 생육이 가능하며 다른 연구자들의 카드뮴내성균보다 내성이 가장 큰 고도카드뮴내성균이었다. 이 효모는 22~22$^{\circ}C$및 pH 5.0~8.0의 조건에서 생육이 양호하였다. 카드뮴은 균체내 축적은 생육최적 pH인 6.0에서 가장 양호했으나, 그 이외의 pH에서는 급격히 저해되였으며 소포제 Silicon KM-70에 의하여 46.5%의 카드뮴 축적을 촉진시켰다. 카드뮴의 균체내 축적은 정지기 후반에 일어나며 0.2% Silicon과 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$의 카드뮴을 함유하는 배지에서 28$^{\circ}C$, 48시간 진탕 배양한 바 건조균체 당(g) 34.17mg의 카드뮴을 축적시켰다. 축적 카드뮴의 73%가 세포질 중에 축적되었으며 나머지 27%의 카드뮴은 세포벽 및 핵과 같은 4,000$\times$g에서 침전되는 성분에 축적되었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2000

In order to assess the accumulation levels of cadmium and other metals(Zn, Cu, Ca and Fe) in fish bodies, an experimental study was performed by raising fry of "Oryzias latipes" in the water containing cadmium 0.03 ppm, cadmium 0.03 ppm + zinc 0.03 ppm and in the tap water(control group) were made. In the results the concentration of Cd in fish bodies were increased with advancing exposure time in Cd 0.03 ppm treated group and 0.03 ppm + Zn 0.03 ppm treated group, but there was no significantly different between both groups with Cd concentration in each week. The concentration of Zn in fish bodies was no changed with advancing exposure time in control group and Cd 0.03 ppm + Zn 0.03 ppm treated group were significantly different from control and Cd 0.03 ppm treated group. The concentration of Cu, Ca and Fe in fish bodies were increased with advancing exposure time, and control group was higher than any other groups. Simple correlation analysis showed that the positive correlation between Cd and Zn, Cu and Ca, Fe, Ca and Fe, but Cd was negative correlation with Cu, Ca and Fe. In conclusion, we investigated a tendency that the concentration of Cd and Zn in fish bodies tended to increase with the lapse of time, but Cu was unchanged and those of Ca and Fe were decreased in administrating the trace dose of Cd and Zn in water. in water.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.361-383
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• 1987

This thesis was designed to find out whether the cadmium content of hair in living animals reflects the status of cadmium accumulation in internal organs or muscles so that this status can be used as a diagnostic method. Forty-five rats were divided into 4 experimental groups and one control group. The control group received a basal diet which contained zinc $100{\mu}g/g$, iron $80{\mu}g/g$ and copper $135{\mu}g/g$. The experimental group received experimental diets sllpplemented with 1, 10, 100 or $1,000{\mu}g/g$ cadmium as cadmium sulfate. Rats were dissected on the 28th or 56th day of experimental periods and tissues, blood and hair samples were taken, dried and burned to ash and analysed. The cadmium, iron zinc and copper concentrations were measured with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In addition feed efficiency and hematological changes were observed. The results obtained can be summerized as follows: A marked decrease in feed intake, weight gain and feed efficiency were observed from 1 or 2 weeks of experimental periods, which was in accordance with the dosage and periods. The cadmium contents of kidney, liver, spleen and muscle were significantly increased in all experimental rats; the accumulation was marked in kidney and liver tissues. It was shown that the cadmium contents of hair reflects the cadmium accumulation in internal organs and muscle; the higher the cadmium levels of diet and of rat tissues, the higher the cadmium content of hair. In the $100{\mu}g/g$ group of rats erythrocyte counts and. hemoglobin concentrations were decreased. A significant(p<0.01, p<0.05) increase in iron contents of kidney, liver and muscle was observed in 10, 100, $1,000{\mu}g/g$ groups of rats on the 28th day of experiment. A significant (p<0.01, p<0.05) increase in zinc contents of kidney, liver and muscle was observed in all experimental rats. On the other hand, serum zinc concentration was decreased. A significant(p<0.01) increase in copper contents in the liver was observed on the 28th day in $100{\mu}g/g$ and $1,000{\mu}g/g$ groups of rats. From these results it may be concluded that the analysis of hair for cadmium is a useful diagnostic approach for the cadmium status of internal organs and muscle in living animals.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.569-578
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• 2007

This study investigated the effects of chitosan on cadmium(Cd) toxicity and mineral metabolism in rats exposed to cadmium by oral administration. Six week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups. Four groups were fed AIN-93G based 3% ${\alpha}$-cellulose diets while the others were fed 3% chitosan diets for four weeks with oral administration of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg Cd/2ml distilled water three times a week, respectively. Cd contents in the serum, liver, kidney, testis and bone, and the excretion of cadmium in feces were determined. There was no significant difference in weight gain and food intake among groups. Cadmium contents in the serum, liver, kidney, testis, femur and lumbar were significantly increased in proportion to the administration level of Cd (p<0.05). A protective effect of chitosan on cadmium toxicity in tissue was shown only in the high level cadmium-intake group. The fecal excretion, absorption of Cd were increased by the administration levels of cadmium. These results suggest that Cd administration may facilitate the accumulation of Cd in the blood and tissue in proportion to the amount of administration, and also, that chitosan may be effective in lowering the accumulation of cadmium.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.480-484
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• 2002

넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus)를 카드뮴 아치사 농도인 5, 10, 50, 100$\mu$g/L의 구간에 노출시켜 30일 동안 아가미, 간, 신장, 창자에서 축적되는 정도를 조사하였다. 넙치에서 카드뮴의 축적은 아가미, 창자와 간에서 카드뮴의 노출농도와 노출기간에 따라서 증가를 하였으며, 그러한 양상은 선형적으로 증가를 하였다 노출 20일까지는 기관별 축적순서는 아가미>간>창자>신장의 순서로 나타나지만, 노출 30일 이후에는 아가미와 간에서 축적이 완만한 경향을 나타내며, 창자의 축적은 급격한 경향을 나타내어 기관별 축적순서는 창자>아가미>간>신장의 순서로 나타났다. 카드뮴의 넙치에 대한 축적계수는 아가미와 신장, 창자에서 노출농도에 반비례하며, 노출 시간에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타났다.