• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.50-57
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soybean meal (SM) and soluble starch (SS) on biogenic amine production and microbial diversity using in vitro ruminal fermentation. Treatments comprised of incubation of 2 g of mixture (expressed as 10 parts) containing different ratios of SM to SS as: 0:0, 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, or 0:10. In vitro ruminal fermentation parameters were determined at 0, 12, 24, and 48 h of incubation while the biogenic amine and microbial diversity were determined at 48 h of incubation. Treatment with highest proportion of SM had higher (p<0.05) gas production than those with higher proportions of SS. Samples with higher proportion of SS resulted in lower pH than those with higher proportion of SM after 48 h of incubation. The largest change in $NH_3$-N concentration from 0 to 48 h was observed on all SM while the smallest was observed on exclusive SS. Similarly, exclusive SS had the lowest $NH_3$-N concentration among all groups after 24 h of incubation. Increasing methane ($CH_4$) concentrations were observed with time, and $CH_4$ concentrations were higher (p<0.05) with greater proportions of SM than SS. Balanced proportion of SM and SS had the highest (p<0.05) total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) while propionate was found highest in higher proportion of SS. Moreover, biogenic amine (BA) was higher (p<0.05) in samples containing greater proportions of SM. Histamines, amine index and total amines were highest in exclusive SM followed in sequence mixtures with increasing proportion of SS (and lowered proportion of SM) at 48 h of incubation. Nine dominant bands were identified by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and their identity ranged from 87% to 100% which were mostly isolated from rumen and feces. Bands R2 (uncultured bacterium clone RB-5E1) and R4 (uncultured rumen bacterium clone L7A_C10) bands were found in samples with higher proportions of SM while R3 (uncultured Firmicutes bacterium clone NI_52), R7 (Selenomonas sp. MCB2), R8 (Selenomonas ruminantium gene) and R9 (Selenomonas ruminantium strain LongY6) were found in samples with higher proportions of SS. Different feed ratios affect rumen fermentation in terms of pH, $NH_3$-N, $CH_4$, BA, volatile fatty acid and other metabolite concentrations and microbial diversity. Balanced protein and carbohydrate ratios are needed for rumen fermentation.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.169-176
• /
• 2005

수정란의 성 판별은 유전적으로 우수한 유전형질을 보유하고 있는 소의 수정란을 성 판별하므로서 희망하는 성의 송아지를 생산할 수 있으며, 부가가치가 높은 수정란을 확보할 수 있는 기술이다. 수정란의 손상을 최소화하면서 할구를 biopsy하는 기술을 개발하고, 간단하고 빠른 시간에 성 판별이 가능한 Loop-mediated isothermal amplification방법으로 수정란을 성 판별을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 한우 체내 수정란의 성비는 암컷이 $56.5\%$, 수컷이 $43.5\%$였고, 체외 수정란은 암컷이 $49.2\%$, 수컷이 $33.9\%$였다. 그리고, 젖소 체외 수정란의 성비는 암컷이 $29.2\%$, 수컷이 $70.8\%$를 나타내어 한우 체내 및 체외 수정란보다 젖소 체외수정란의 수컷비율이 유의적으로 높게 나타내었다(p<0.05). 또한, 한우 체외 수정란에서 성 판별이 불가능한 것이 $16.9\%$를 나타내어 한우 체내 수정란 및 젖소 체외 수정란과는 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다.(P<0.05). 2. Biopsy한 체내 수정란의 체외 발달율은 $100\%$였으나 체외 수정란에서는 정상적으로 발달하지 못하고 퇴화된 수정란이 $13.2\%$로 체내 수정란보다 유의적으로 높은 결과를 나타내었다.(P<0.05). 3. Punching 방법으로 수정란의 biopsy 후 정상적으로 발달하지 못하고 퇴화된 수정란은 체내 및 체외 수정란에서는 없었으나 biopsy 방법으로 biopsy한 수정란은 체내 및 체외 수정란에서 각각 $16.7\%$ 및 $22.6\%$를 나타내어 Punching 방법보다 유의적으로 높은 결과를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 이상의 결과로 보아 한우 체내 수정란은 LAMP방법을 이용하여 간단하고 신속하게 성 판별이 가능하며, 수정란의 biopsy는 punching 방법이 수정란에 손상을 적게 주는 것으로 사료된다.