• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.821-829
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• 2006

Hemophilia is the most common coagulation disorder. It has a long history. Hemophilia A is caused by FVIII gene mutation, and hemophilia B by FIX gene mutation. Those genes are located on X chromosome long arm. Bleedings in hemophiliacs predominantly occur in joints and muscles. Because those site are insufficient in tissue factor to induce hemostasis. Among joints knee, ankle and elbow are most frequently affected because their synovial structure is vulnerable to injury compared to other joints. Hemophilia is diagnosed with factor assay. Severe hemophilia is below 1% of FVIII : C, moderate between 1% and 5%, mild over 5%. Carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis have been conducted with RFLP-based linkage analysis and DNA sequencing. Mainstay of treatment is factor replacement therapy so far. Bleedings can be controlled by infusion of factor concentrates. Hemophilc arthropathy and muscle contracture are representative sequelae. Complications of facotor replacement therapy are inhibitor development and infections. Hemophiliacs with inhibitor should be managed with large dose factor concentrate, bypassing agent, ITI and immunosuppression. Ultimately, hemophilia could be cured by gene therapy.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.9-16
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• 2017

Recently, more users have been using IoT embedded systems. Since the wireless network function is a basic and core function in most embedded systems, new security threats and weaknesses are expected to occur. In order to resolve these threats, it is necessary to investigate the security issues in the development stages according to the Security Development Lifecycle (SDL). This study analyzes the vulnerabilities of the embedded systems equipped with the wireless network function, and derives possible security threats and how dangerous such threats are. We present security risks including bypassing the authentication stage required for accessing to the embedded system.

• Magazine of korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2020

Tunnelling to bypass major landslide areas is considered as a good and long-term environmentally friendly solution to reduce an existing hazard. In Norway, hundreds of kilometres of tunnels have been constructed in areas prone to landslides and snow avalanches. Although tunnelling is considered as an expensive mitigation strategy for bypassing landslides, analysis indicate that in some cases the cost of building a tunnel can be repaid by savings in driving costs (fuel) alone over a period of 5-10 years due to reduced driving distances. The other benefits of constructing tunnels in landslide areas include savings in time and increased safety. The Norwegian Method of Tunnelling (NMT) is considered safe, efficient and cost effective compared to other tunnelling techniques. Some aspects of NMT, which are considered safe and cost efficient, are presented. The application of updated rock support techniques, including reinforced ribs of shotctrete (RRS), which is a key component of the Norwegian Method of Tunnelling (NMT), is highlighted.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 1991

This study shows the correlation between $NO_x$ emission in the exhaust gas and various operation factors of dual fuel engine for Co-generation system. General tendency was shown that the thermal efficiency was lowered by the change of operation factors. However these were not confirmed on this experiment. Increasing T4 temperature (exhaust gas temperature at turbo-charger inlet) reduces $NO_x$ emission rate. The higher T4 temperature requires lower excess air as the excess air ratio is controlled by T4 temperature on gas mode operation. Another tendency was that $NO_x$ emission rate is reduced in case of increasing boost air temperature, quantity of pilot oil or bypassing flue gas through the exhaust gas boiler. The diameter of the fuel injection nozzle was changed smaller than design value and the injection timing was readjusted. Thus $NO_x$ emission rate could be reduced as retarding injection timing and changing hole diameter of fuel injection nozzle, however maxium engine out-put was decreased by changing fuel nozzle on the diesel mode operation.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.24 no.1_2
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• pp.31-48
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• 2007

The paper deals with the solution of some fractional partial differential equations obtained by substituting modified Riemann-Liouville derivatives for the customary derivatives. This derivative is introduced to avoid using the so-called Caputo fractional derivative which, at the extreme, says that, if you want to get the first derivative of a function you must before have at hand its second derivative. Firstly, one gives a brief background on the fractional Taylor series of nondifferentiable functions and its consequence on the derivative chain rule. Then one considers linear fractional partial differential equations with constant coefficients, and one shows how, in some instances, one can obtain their solutions on bypassing the use of Fourier transform and/or Laplace transform. Later one develops a Lagrange method via characteristics for some linear fractional differential equations with nonconstant coefficients, and involving fractional derivatives of only one order. The key is the fractional Taylor series of non differentiable function $f(x+h)=E_{\alpha}(h^{\alpha}{D_x^{\alpha})f(x)$.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2008

Hybrid power generation systems combining a solid oxide fuel cell and a gas turbine is promising due to their high efficiency. In the pressurized hybrid system, the operating condition of the gas turbine may play a critical role in designing the hybrid system. In particular, prevention of surge of the compressor can be a critical issue. The existence of fuel cell between the compressor and the turbine may cause an additional pressure loss and thus compressor operating points tend to approach the surge if the original turbine inlet temperature is pursued. In this study, bypassing some of the turbine inlet gas directly to the turbine exit side is simulated. Its effects on suppressing the surge problem and change in performance characteristics are discussed.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.5 no.10
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• pp.1770-1782
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• 2011

A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a communication system that translates brain activity into commands for computers or other devices. In other words, BCIs create a new communication channel between the brain and an output device by bypassing conventional motor output pathways consisting of nerves and muscles. This is particularly useful for facilitating communication for people suffering from paralysis. Due to the low bit rate, it takes much more time to translate brain activity into commands. Especially it takes much time to input characters by using BCI-based typewriters. In this paper, we propose a brain-operated typewriter which is accelerated by a language prediction model. The proposed system uses three kinds of strategies to improve the entry speed: word completion, next-syllable prediction, and next word prediction. We found that the entry speed of BCI-based typewriter improved about twice as much through our demonstration which utilized the language prediction model.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2003

Computer and network security has recently become a popular subject due to the explosive growth of the Internet Especially, attacks based on malformed packet are difficult to detect because these attacks use the skill of bypassing the intrusion detection system and Firewall. This paper designs and implements a network-based intrusion detection system (NIDS) which detects intrusions with malformed-packets in real-time. First, signatures, rules in NIDS like Snouts rule files, are classified using similar properties between signatures NIDS creates a rule tree applying hashing technique based on the classification. As a result the system can efficiently perform intrusion detection.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2001

Effects of steel-skeletons on the geomagnetic distribution in building have been studied through the simulation and measurement of geomagnetic distribution at floor surface. Geomagnetic distribution was simulated by the finite element method, and the vertical component Z of geomagnetic field on the floor surface was measured with the fluxgate-type magnetometer. Horizontal steel-skeletons have a little effect on the Z distribution, but vertical skeletons disturb severely the Z distribution and result in the localized geomagnetic disturbance. This disturbance becomes weakened by the bypassing soft-magnetic plate and/or floor.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.12
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• pp.1944-1947
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• 2012

In this work, we investigated quench characteristics of matrix-type superconducting fault current limiters (MFCLs) according to the turn number of reactors. The reactors used in MFCLs apply magnetic field to superconducting elements within reactors when fault currents surge into MFCL systems. It makes the fast and simultaneous quenches between superconducting elements. Also reactors decrease the fault power burden of superconducting elements by bypassing the partial fault currents to itself, when quench occurs. These structure proposed in this work can be expected to achieve much more current limiting capacity even though it uses less superconductors compared with other type SFCLs. Three reactors were made by Bakelite. These reactors with the turn number of 190, 380 and 570, had the length of 270 mm and diameter of 80 mm. We reported experimental results, including fault currents, fault voltages and resistance in superconducting elements according to the turn number of reactors. We confirmed that experimental results will be useful in next future plan for the real power grid.