• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.25-39
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• 2016

The drone is an unmanned aerial vehicle which has no human pilot. Drones can be classified into military drones, commercial drones, and personal drones by usage. Also, drones can be classified from large-sized to nano-sized drone by size and autonomous, remote controlled drone by control type. Especially, military drones can be classified into low-altitude drones, medium-altitude, and high-altitude drones by altitude. Recently, the drone industry is one of the fast growing industries in the world. As drone technologies have become more advanced and cost-effective, Korean government has set its goal to become a top-level country in drone business. However, the government's strict regulation for drone operations is one of the biggest hurdles for the development of the related technologies in Korea and other countries. For example, critical problems for drone delivery can be classified into technical issues and institutional issues. Technical issues include durability, conditional awareness, grasp and release mechanisms, collision avoidance systems, drone operating system. Institutional issues include pilot and operator licensing, privacy rules, noise guidelines, security rules, education for drone police. This study analyzes the trends of the drone industry from the viewpoint of technology and regulation. Also, we define the business areas of drone utilization. Especially, the drone business types or models for public sector are proposed. Drone services or functions promoting public interests need to be aligned with the business reference model of Korean government. To define ten types of drone uses for public sector, we combine the business types of government with the future uses of drones that are proposed by futurists and business analysts. Future uses of drones can be divided into three sectors or services. First, drone services for public or military sectors include early warning systems, emergency services, news reporting, police drones, library drones, healthcare drones, travel drones. Second, drone services for commercial or industrial services include parcel delivery drones, gaming drones, sporting drones, farming and agriculture drones, ranching drones, robotic arm drones. Third, drone services for household sector include smart home drones.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.125-134
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• 2019

Purpose - Environment-friendly behaviors are diverse and can be motivated by different factors. For example, magnitude of factors affecting recycling behavior could be different from those affecting purchasing of environmentally-friendly products. In this study, the focus is on usage satisfaction of consumers who have purchased environmentally-friendly products. Research design, data, and methodology - For this purpose, data were collected from a total of 345 users of environmentally-friendly products, consisting of 177 users of electric vehicles and 168 users of environmentally-friendly detergents. The study analyzed the relationships among consumer's innovation propensity, consumer's environmental concern, and usage satisfaction. In addition, the moderating effect of the product's innovativeness was examined. Results - The result shows that there is a relationship between consumer's innovation propensity and consumer's environmental concern. In particular, it is shown that both consumer's innovation propensity and consumer's environmental concern have positive effects on usage satisfaction. Further, there was a moderating effect of the product's innovativeness. Namely, products rated higher in innovativeness showed a greater effect of consumer's innovation propensity on usage satisfaction. The degree of the product's innovativeness also affected the directional paths of the relationships. In the electric vehicle (i.e., high product innovativeness) case, consumer's innovation propensity had a direct effect on usage satisfaction, as well as an indirect effect through consumer's environmental concern. In the environmentally-friendly detergent (i.e., low product innovativeness) case, consumer's innovation propensity only had an indirect effect on usage satisfaction, through consumer's environmental concern. Conclusions - Theoretical contributions of this study are as follows. Foremost, this is the first study that suggests an existence of a relationship between consumer's innovation propensity and consumer's environmental concern. Second, this study showed the positive effect of consumer's innovation propensity on usage satisfaction of environmentally-friendly products. Third, this study expanded the scope of previous studies by showing the interaction between consumer's innovation propensity and consumer's environmental concern. Lastly, this study showed that the effect of these variables on usage satisfaction can differ by the degree of innovativeness of the environmentally-friendly product. The results of the study will have implications for marketers and policy makers in formulating marketing activities and policies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.210-219
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• 2017

Electric vehicles, which are attracting attention as eco-friendly vehicles, have been increasing in number since 2011 in Korea. The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficient operation of existing charging stations and factors to consider when installing additional charging stations based on the case of Jeju Island where the electric vehicle penetration rate is high and the charging infrastructure is relatively well established. The characteristics of using electric car charging stations by region, type of facility, and time of day are analyzed. As a result of analyzing the frequency of using the charger installed in Jeju Island, the utilization of both the fast charger and the slow charger is found to be concentrated in a specific area. The usage rate of charger installed in a business facility and a public parking lot is high in both fast charger and slow charger. However, according to the usage rate by time of day, the fast charger has a high utilization rate throughout the afternoon, while the use of a slow charger is concentrated in the morning. In order to enable users to utilize the electric vehicle charging station efficiently, it is necessary to provide a publicity guide for the charging station having a low utilization rate, a notice for using the charger, and a notification of completion of charging. Considering the charging demand, the area where the charger is not yet installed should be considered as the area to install the charger, and in addition, the additional installation should be considered in the area and the facility where the amount of charge is large. Service improvement is expected to be possible by utilizing actual electric vehicle charging behavior analysis result.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.329-333
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• 2021

V2G (Vehicle to Grid) technology for an EV (Electric Vehicle) has been assumed as so promising in a near future for its useful energy resource concept but still yet to be developed around the world for specific service purposes through various R&BD projects. Basically, V2G returns power stored in vehicle at a cheaper or unused time to the grid at more expensive or highly peaked time, and is accordingly supposed to provide such roles like peak shaving or load levelling according to customer load curve, frequency regulation or ancillary reserves, and balancing power fluctuation to grid from the weather-sensitive renewable sources like wind or solar generations. However, it has recently been debated over its prominent usage as diffusing EVs and the required charging/discharging infrastructure, partially for its addition of EV ownership costs with more frequent charging/discharging events and user inconvenience with a relative long-time participation in the previously engaged V2G program. This study suggests that a Korean DR (Demand Response) service integrated V2G system especially based upon a dynamic charge/pause/discharge scheme newly proposed to ISO/IEC 15118 rev. 2 can deal with these concerns with more profitable business model, while fully making up for the additional component (ex. battery) and service costs. It also indicates that the optimum economic, environmental, and grid impacts can be simulated for this V2G-DR service particularly designed for EV aggregators (V2G service providers) by proposing a specific V2G engagement program for the mediated DR service providers and the distributed EV owners.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.163-174
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• 2023

Purpose - This study examines the effect of consumers' motivations on the perception and purchase intentions of electric cars. Specifically, it empirically analyzes how moral motivations based on personal environmental values and norms in car usage and purchasing influence the perceived usefulness and purchase intentions of electric cars. Furthermore, it investigates whether the influence of moral motivations on perceived usefulness and purchase intentions varies according to the user's driving characteristics. Design/methodology/approach - An online survey was conducted with 234 respondents, by setting criteria for participants as car owners or primary car users within their households, ensuring the sample composition was not biased in terms of the presence or absence of experience with eco-friendly cars. Findings - The research findings indicate that perceived usefulness mediates the effect of consumers' moral motivations on their intention to purchase electric cars. The results of the moderating effect of driving distance on perceived usefulness revealed a significant interaction effect; however, there was no significant interaction effect on purchase intentions. Specifically, for individuals with shorter driving distances, as consumers' moral motivations increase, their perception of the usefulness of electric cars also increases. In contrast, for those with longer driving distances, the increase in perceived usefulness due to moral motivations shows a decreasing trend. Research implications or Originality - This study considered individual driving characteristics that previous research on electric vehicle adoption overlooked, and suggested that setting specific communicating points for electric cars according to driving distance levels might be effective. Lastly, it proposes directions for future research that motivations influencing eco-friendly vehicle purchases may differ based on driving characteristics

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.17-38
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• 2019

With recent dispersion of sharing economy, consumption culture of sharing, instead of ownership, gets wide spread in the age groups of 20-30. Even though the market of car sharing expands rapidly, little research has been done in the area of service quality and consumer behavior regarding car sharing services. Given that future market potential gets larger, it seems highly meaningful to conduct research on customer satisfaction and their usage behavior regarding car sharing services. This paper intends to analyze main factors affecting overall customer satisfaction on car sharing services; satisfaction on service quality, satisfaction on service product, and satisfaction on service experience. Each dimension of the three factors is also analyzed to see if there is any differences between major three brands. Further analysis has been done for checking any effects of gender and usage purpose of customers on the overall customer satisfaction. Key results of the analysis show all the three main factors have significant effect on overall customer satisfaction. Each dimension of service quality has significant effect on satisfaction on service quality. Dimensions of parking lot accessability and vehicle maintenance in service product evaluation, have greater effect on satisfaction on service product. In service experience, positive affect have greater effect than negative affect on satisfaction on service experience. Women users perceive larger overall customer satisfaction on car sharing services than men users. On the types of usage purpose, Users with purpose of tour and dating/meeing friends perceive larger overall customer satisfaction on car sharing services than user without it. Further managerial implications of car sharing services are also provided.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Recent international environmental regulations are focused on reducing pre-contamination and on sustainable development prior to the usage stage of a product. The Environmental Performance Declaration is being used as a tool for quantifying the environmental performance of products, to reduce contamination in advance, and for advertising the results of railway vehicles in Europe. In this study, a life cycle assessment of the tilting train was conducted, the first such case study in Korea, according to the ISO 14025 standard and Korea EDP (Environmental Declaration of the Product) rule. As a result of the LCA, the life cycle carbon emission of the tilting train was determined to be $3.54{\times}10^7kgCO_2eq.$ which is higher than that of a European train. Also, the amount of $CO_2$ emission of the Mcp and car body is higher than that of the other car and bogie.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 2017

Although many efforts to stop speeding or inappropriate speed, it failed to reduce the number of speeding-related crashes. Therefore, it is important to analyze the characteristics of speeding offenders and the cause of speeding at hot spots. In this study, we investigate the level of severity in speeding by the characteristics of speeding offenders using the Ordered Logistics Regression Models(OLRM). For the analysis, we use the speeding data collected by 39 traffic enforcement cameras in city of Cheongju and other related data including the speeding ticket history of drivers during the most recent 3 years, their demographic characteristics, their own vehicles, and road environment factors. The major results of this study are as follows. Firstly, commercial fleet drivers are more likely to repeat the conviction of high-range speeding with more than 30km/h over speed limits than other drivers. Secondly, mid-range speeding are observed as 21,462 frequency which is 76.7% of total speeding frequency and occurred mostly at suburban and rural area. It concludes that contributory factors affecting the severity of speeding at signalized intersection are drivers' speeding offence history, posted speed limits, time of day, gender of driver, and location of the intersection as show by the OLRM developed in this study(McFadden R-square : 0.296).

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.141-156
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• 2008

Market structure analysis is a very useful tool to analyze the competition boundary of the brand or the company. But most of the studies in market structure analysis, the concern lies in nondurable goods such as candies, soft drink and etc. because of the their availability of the data. In the field of durable goods, the limitation of the data availability and the repurchase time period constrain the study. In the analysis of the automobile market, those of views might be more persuasive. The purpose of this study is to analyze the structure of automobile market based on some idea suggested by prior studies. Usually the buyers of the automobile tend to buy upper tier when they buy in the next time. That kind of behavior make it impossible to analyze the structure of automobile market under the level of automobile model. For that reason I tried to analyze the market structure in the brand or company level. In this study, consideration data was used for market structure analysis. The reasons why we used the consideration data are summarized as following. Firstly, as the repurchase time cycle is too long, brand switching data which is used for the market analysis of nondurable good is not avaliable. Secondly, as we mentioned, the buyers of the automobile tend to buy upper tier when they buy in the next time. We used survey data collected in the U.S.A. market in the year of 2005 through questionaire. The sample size was 8,291. The number of brand analyzed in this study was 9 among 37 which was being sold in U.S.A. market. Their market share was around 50%. The brands considered were BMW, Chevrolet, Chrysler, Dodge, Ford, Honda, Mercedes, and Toyota. �� ratio was derived from frequency of the consideration set. Actually the frequency is different from the brand switch concept. In this study to compute the �� ratio, the frequency of the consideration set was used like a frequency of brand switch for convenience. The study can be divided into 2 steps. The first step is to build hypothetical market structures. The second step is to choose the best structure based on the hypothetical market structures, Usually logit analysis is used for the choice best structure. In this study we built 3 hypothetical market structure. They are type-cost, cost-type, and unstructured. We classified the automobile into 5 types, sedan, SUV(Sport Utility Vehicle), Pickup, Mini Van, and Full-size Van. As for purchasing cost, we classified it 2 groups based on the median value. The median value was $28,800. To decide best structure among them, maximum likelihood test was used. Resulting from market structure analysis, we find that the automobile market of USA is hierarchically structured in the form of 'automobile type - purchasing cost'. That is, result showed that automobile buyers considered function or usage first and purchasing cost next. This study has some limitations in the analysis level and variable selection. First, in this study only type of the automobile and purchasing cost were as attributes considered for purchase. Considering other attributes is very needful. Because of the attributes considered, only 3 hypothetical structure could be analyzed. Second, due to the data, brand level analysis was tried. But model level analysis would be better because automobile buyers consider model not brand. To conduct model level study more cases should be obtained. That is for acquiring the better practical meaning, brand level analysis should be conducted when we consider the actual competition which occurred in the real market. Third, the variable selection for building nested logit model was very limited to some avaliable data. In spite of those limitations, the importance of this study lies in the trial of market structure analysis of durable good.