• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.141-160
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• 2021

The scale of global FDI has been decreasing since 2016 due to the ongoing US-China trade dispute, the strengthening of FDI inflow screening regulations with concern over strategic technology leaks, and the spread of reshoring trends due to the reinforcement of national preferences. Eventually, the competition to attract FDI between countries is expected to become more intense. Therefore, in order to attract high-quality FDI for Korea that will contribute to the development of the national economy, it is pressing to evaluate and improve the domestic FDI attraction environment. This study aims to analyze which areas of Korea's economic and non-economic environments need improvement for gaining advantage amid the fierce competition to attract FDI between countries, by the relative comparison between Korea and the U.S., and based on the ranking indicated in key FDI attractiveness indices. As a result, improvement is needed in the following areas. First, according to IMD's "World Competitiveness Ranking 2020," Korea was inferior to the US in terms of business efficiency, productivity, finance and business legislation in terms of government efficiency. Second, according to INSEAD's "Global Talent Competitiveness Index 2020," Korea was inferior to the US in terms of internal openness, external openness, employability, lifelong learning, access to growth opportunity, and business and labor landscapes. Third, according to WEF's "Global Competitiveness Index 2019", Korea was inferior to the US in terms of product market, labor market, business dynamism and workforce skills.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.31-41
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• 2022

Purpose: Developing and nurturing supply chain dynamic capability is one of the leading solutions to create competitive advantages, maintain growth and sustainable development for businesses. The study was conducted to experimentally confirm the impact of supply chain dynamic capability on competitiveness and business efficiency for Vietnamese wood enterprises. Research design, data and methodology: The study surveyed 236 managers of Vietnamese wood manufacturing and distribution enterprises. The authors applied the structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the relationship between the dynamic capability of the supply chain and the competitiveness, business efficiency of enterprises to achieve those goals. Results: The results show that businesses owning supply chain dynamic capability will have better competitiveness and business efficiency. Especially, in the context of Vietnamese wood sector, the larger the scale of business, the more profound the impact of supply chain dynamic capability on competitiveness and business efficiency. Conclusions: Focusing on developing supply chain dynamics would be a promising solution to improve the competitiveness of Vietnam's wood enterprises in the global market.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.43-52
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• 2017

Purpose - The domestic liquor market is steadily increasing, but locally made liquor markets remain stagnant. The market opening due to the FTA and westernized eating habits are expanding the consumption of imported liquor by Koreans and the demand for beer and soju is still high. Therefore, we analyzed the scale efficiency of Korean locally made liquor companies. Research design, data, and methodology - Based on a translog-cost function, a scale efficiency analysis was conducted using the government's information survey on the liquor industry. Data from 541 liquor companies analyzed from 2013 to 2014 were used for analysis. Results - As a result of the scale efficiency analysis, the average sales of the mid-sized locally made liquor companies is 171 million won, but the appropriate sales amount is 1 million won. It is estimated that there is a need to increase sales. Conclusions - The gap between the actual sales and the appropriate sales of mid-sized locally made liquor companies with 3~10 employees is larger, so it is necessary to reduce the average cost by increasing the sales of locally made liquor companies. In order to do so, it is necessary to acquire customer strategies such as product differentiation, advertising and publicity.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2015

Home Meal Replacement (HMR) products are ready-to-eat or pre-cooked food products that are consumed at daily home. HMR market has grown rapidly due to societal changes: increases in female social activities, silver population, and one-person households. Consumption channels of HMR can be classified into take-out, delivery, and retail. In Korean HMR market, retail sector is largely growing, but companies are focusing their business on the home delivery sector. Moreover, franchise companies are expanding their areal coverage in the HMR market based on their multi-unit strategy. However, more research on the HMR market is needed as existing studies are limited in conceptualization, classification, and processed food from malls or home-shopping channels. Therefore, we conducted the efficiency analysis on Gukseonsaeng, one of franchises that applied the take-out channel, using DEA method. According to the research on 29 franchisees of Gukseonsaeng, 77.9% of input appeared inefficient for technical efficiency, while 53.3% of input appeared inefficient for scale efficiency. Thus, we found that franchises of Gukseonsaeng are structured in increasing returns to scale (IRS), so enhancing efficiency by expanding scales need to be implemented.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.165-176
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• 2014

This paper was tried to show the improvement model for software industry structure in Korea regarding to have the global level of competence in Korean software firms. To suggest the improvement model for software industry structure, the detailed status about software industry which as in the supply and demand perspectives and comparativeness dimension were analysed. Also to this model the special survey results from the 35 professionalists in the software industry were included. This improvement model suggests the big software firms have to consider the economy of the scale, and to enter global IT market, the other SMEs have to pursuit themselves as a specified technology firms. So it is good for the oversea project collaboration with the solution provider firms and IT service firms. And it is desirable to make a the economy of scale regarding as the solution venture startup, M&A, networking the software firms as supply chain. Also the development of new business model for new market and firms with the high-tech business competency will be required.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.17-25
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• 2016

This study aims to empirically examine serial entrepreneurship in Korea. Using the ICT startups survey data, I compare serial entrepreneurs with their novice counterparts in terms of business behaviors and performances. I found that serial entrepreneurs are more likely than novice ones to co-found a business with other entrepreneurs, enter a market with relatively large assets and expand their business into overseas market. They tend to put more importance on large-scale production and expansion strategy than first-time entrepreneurs. They are more likely to cooperate with suppliers and customers but less likely with the governments. From their experience of founding and operating businesses, the findings suggest that serial entrepeneurs are more market-oriented and more capable of managing internal human relations and external network of supply chain. Consequently, serial entrepreneurs show stronger early financial performance than novice entrepreneurs especially when they team up to found a business.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.37-52
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• 2013

Prior to full-scale implementation of smart grid, the Korean government is conducting a smart grid testbed in Jeju island. However, the participants of the ongoing program are skeptical about the success of the expansion of smart grid. The concern rises from various reasons; the limits of the Korean electricity market mainly led by both the government and KEPCO, high stability and reliability of the existing electricity grid, insufficient utilization of renewable energy, and public fear of raised electricity bills. Five key issues in regards to facilitating the Korean smart grid market are extracted and evaluated. The issues are conflict of interest among participants, the effect of introducing real-time pricing, lack of customer participation of demand response, and absence of business models.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.75-90
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• 2003

When we think of fundamental problems of the aquaculture industry, there are several strict conditions, and consequently the aquaculture industry is forced to change. Fish aquaculture has a structural supply surplus in production, aggravation of fishing grounds, stagnant low price due to recent recession, and drastic change of distribution circumstances. It is requested for us to initiate discussion on such issue as “how fish aquaculture establishes its status in the coastal fishery\ulcorner, will fish aquaculture grow in the future\ulcorner, and if so “how it will be restructured\ulcorner” The above issues can be observed in the mariculture of yellow tail, sea scallop and eel. But there have not been studied concerning seabream even though the production is over 30% of the total production of fish aquaculture in resent and it occupied an important status in the fish aquaculture. The objectives of this study is to forecast the future movement of sea bream aquaculture. The first goal of the study is to contribute to managerial and economic studies on the aquaculture industry. The second goal is to identify the factors influencing the competition between production areas and to identify the mechanisms involved. This study will examine the competitive power in individual producing area, its behavior, and its compulsory factors based on case study. Producing areas will be categorized according to following parameters : distance to market and availability of transportation, natural environment, the time of formation of producing areas (leaderㆍfollower), major production items, scale of business and producing areas, degree of organization in production and sales. As a factor in shaping the production area of sea bream aquaculture, natural conditions especially the water temperature is very important. Sea bream shows more active feeding and faster growth in areas located where the water temperature does not go below 13∼14$^{\circ}C$ during the winter. Also fish aquaculture is constrained by the transporting distance. Aquacultured yellowtail is a mass-produced and a mass-distributed item. It is sold a unit of cage and transported by ship. On the other hand, sea bream is sold in small amount in markets and transported by truck; so, the transportation cost is higher than yellow tail. Aquacultured sea bream has different product characteristics due to transport distance. We need to study live fish and fresh fish markets separately. Live fish was the original product form of aquacultured sea bream. Transportation of live fish has more constraints than the transportation of fresh fish. Death rate and distance are highly correlated. In addition, loading capacity of live fish is less than fresh fish. In the case of a 10 ton truck, live fish can only be loaded up to 1.5 tons. But, fresh fish which can be placed in a box can be loaded up to 5 to 6 tons. Because of this characteristics, live fish requires closer location to consumption area than fresh fish. In the consumption markets, the size of fresh fish is mainly 0.8 to 2kg.Live fish usually goes through auction, and quality is graded. Main purchaser comes from many small-sized restaurants, so a relatively small farmer and distributer can sell it. Aquacultured sea bream has been transacted as a fresh fish in GMS ,since 1993 when the price plummeted. Economies of scale works in case of fresh fish. The characteristics of fresh fish is as follows : As a large scale demander, General Merchandise Stores are the main purchasers of sea bream and the size of the fish is around 1.3kg. It mainly goes through negotiation. Aquacultured sea bream has been established as a representative food in General Merchandise Stores. GMS require stable and mass supply, consistent size, and low price. And Distribution of fresh fish is undertook by the large scale distributers, which can satisfy requirements of GMS. The market share in Tokyo Central Wholesale Market shows Mie Pref. is dominating in live fish. And Ehime Pref. is dominating in fresh fish. Ehime Pref. showed remarkable growth in 1990s. At present, the dealings of live fish is decreasing. However, the dealings of fresh fish is increasing in Tokyo Central Wholesale Market. The price of live fish is decreasing more than one of fresh fish. Even though Ehime Pref. has an ideal natural environment for sea bream aquaculture, its entry into sea bream aquaculture was late, because it was located at a further distance to consumers than the competing producing areas. However, Ehime Pref. became the number one producing areas through the sales of fresh fish in the 1990s. The production volume is almost 3 times the production volume of Mie Pref. which is the number two production area. More conversion from yellow tail aquaculture to sea bream aquaculture is taking place in Ehime Pref., because Kagosima Pref. has a better natural environment for yellow tail aquaculture. Transportation is worse than Mie Pref., but this region as a far-flung producing area makes up by increasing the business scale. Ehime Pref. increases the market share for fresh fish by creating demand from GMS. Ehime Pref. has developed market strategies such as a quick return at a small profit, a stable and mass supply and standardization in size. Ehime Pref. increases the market power by the capital of a large scale commission agent. Secondly Mie Pref. is close to markets and composed of small scale farmers. Mie Pref. switched to sea bream aquaculture early, because of the price decrease in aquacultured yellou tail and natural environmental problems. Mie Pref. had not changed until 1993 when the price of the sea bream plummeted. Because it had better natural environment and transportation. Mie Pref. has a suitable water temperature range required for sea bream aquaculture. However, the price of live sea bream continued to decline due to excessive production and economic recession. As a consequence, small scale farmers are faced with a market price below the average production cost in 1993. In such kind of situation, the small-sized and inefficient manager in Mie Pref. was obliged to withdraw from sea bream aquaculture. Kumamoto Pref. is located further from market sites and has an unsuitable nature environmental condition required for sea bream aquaculture. Although Kumamoto Pref. is trying to convert to the puffer fish aquaculture which requires different rearing techniques, aquaculture technique for puffer fish is not established yet.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.101-122
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• 2009

This study examines internationalization determinant factors, motivation and goal of internalization, market entry methods, timing, region, internalization strategy and access method, internationalization performance and success factors, problems and troubles of internalization, and ultimately suggests internalization strategies for domestic venture companies. The study found that interior factors of internationalization determinant factors are characteristics of new firm and technological capabilities while exterior factors include narrow domestic market, industrialization level, competition level, product life cycle, economy of scale, and global network. Motivation was found to include securing and preoccupying market, cost reduction and efficient production through moving of production base, and the necessity of network formation.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.38 no.1 s.73
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• pp.47-70
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• 2007

The seaweed processing industry in Korea has developed since the late of 1970s, motivated by exports of salted seaweed to the Japan market. However, due to the keen competition of Korean salted and dried seaweed with chinese products in the japan market, exports of Korean seaweed have been in the decreasing. It also has promoted the restructuring of the seaweed processing industry itself as follows: first, the processing type has been changed from the slated seaweed processing to the dried seaweed processing. Second, domestic markets for seaweed have been significantly expanded. This study is aimed to investigate some problems that the seaweed processing industry currently faces and to provide responding strategies for its development by analyzing a background, characteristics, and business types in the Wando region of Jeollanamdo that is a primary region of the seaweed processing industry in Korea. The background that the seaweed processing industry in Wando region could be started and developed is that first, small and mid-size salted seaweed processing companies have grown fast due to the exports to the japan market. Second, various business conditions, including seaweed materials, labors that are very important factors for the seaweed processing were more suitable compared to other regions. As characteristics of the seaweed processing industry, it shows that small-scale companies have a larger decreasing rate in sales and over 85% companies process seaweed together with other materials such as kelp, etc. The biggest problem that the seaweed processing industry has is that it has not timely responded to changes in domestic and international markets. Therefore, it is very important to cope with market changes by both introducing an aquaculture outlook service for seaweed and promoting higher value-added products and demands through publicities.