• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.170-176
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• 2015

Purpose: The aims of this study were to discuss treatment and prevention under the age of 18 to identify the characteristics of the electrical burn patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 97 patients with under age 18 of electric burn who were treated in emergency department of quarterly over 10,000 targets within the desired hospital for evaluation of electrical injuries between January 1, 2009 and December, 2013. We investigated age, gender, injury mechanism, season, degree of burn, surface of burn, complication, blood test, and voltage, kind of current. Results: Of the patients, 50 (50.5%) patients were in the first degree burn and 47 (49.5%) patients were in second degree burn. 68 (70.1%) patients had electric burn at home. 75 (85.2%) of 88 patients had normal sinus rhythm and other 13 people showed a RBBB, VPC, sinus bradycardia, sinus tachycardia. 41 (42.3) of 97 patients were in infants and 26 (26.8%) patients were in adolescence. Conclusion: The results of this study emphasize the need for prevention of electricity at home for childhood and education of the adolescence.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1060-1070
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• 1988

Since Jan. 1957, 142 cases of benign esophageal stricture, 55 males and 87 females, were managed in our hospital, and their ages ranged from 3 to 77 years. old[mean 31.2yrs]. The most common cause was caustic burns and they all complained dysphagia and some loss of weight, general malaise and substernal pain, which usually appeared in 1 month to 1 year after ingestion of corrosive agents. The mid 1/3 of the thoracic esophagus was the most prevalent portion[29%] but rather evenly distributed along the entire esophagus. Operations were done on 129 patients, of whom 50 patients had ECG[esophagocologastrostomy], 5 PCG[pharyn-gocologastrostomy], 34 EG[esophagogastrostomy], 4 EJG[esophagojejunogastrostomy], 3 PG[pharyngogastrostomy], 2 esophageal end to end anastomosis and 31 Gastrostomy. There were 6 deaths in the postoperative period, so its operative mortality was 4.7%, among them 3 were ECG cases, 2 EG and 1 EJG. And 34 complications occurred so it recorded 24% complication rate. and in details in ECG 46%, PCG 60%, EG 17.6%, EJG 25%, and PG 33%. When we reviewed periodic variations, the mortality rate of the first 20 yrs. period was 6.9%, next 10yrs. 2.6% and now for last 2yrs non.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1272-1272
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• 2001

Eutrophication processes of aquatic environment are strictly correlated with the concentration levels of nitrogen, phosphorous, organic matter and biological parameters such as phytoplankton and chlorophylla (Tremel, 1996; Burns et al., 1997; Young et al. 1999; Wei et al.,2000). Accordingly, the monitoring and evaluation of these factors will provide useful information about the health of aquatic ecosystem. However, the traditional types of auqatic chemistry analysis and ecological monitoring of phytoplankton are time-consuming, costly, and further resulting in secondary pollution due to the use of reagents. NIR (near-infrared) spectroscopy, as a rapid, non-destructive, little sample preparation and reagents-free technology (Hildrum et al., 1992), has been extensively applied to the characterization of food (Osborne and Fearn, 1988), pharmaceutical (Morisseau and Rhodes, 1995) and textile materials (Clove et al.,2000). Currently, NIR technology has been used indirectly in inferring lake water chemistry by two approaches, suspended (Malley et al., 1996) or seston (Dabakk et al., 1999), and sediments (Korsman et al., 1992; Malley et al., 1999). In addition, the evaluation of trophic state and the identification of the key factors contributed to the trophication are the key step to restore the damaged aquatic environment. Moreover, an understanding of the factors, which regulate the algal proliferation, is crucial to the successful management of aquatic ecosystem. In the paper, NIR technology will be used to study the environmental factors affecting the algal proliferation in combination with the trophic state index and diversity index. This novel developed system can be applied in monitoring and evaluating allopathic water environment and provide real time information services for the aquatic environment management.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2011

Objectives : The present study was conducted to determine whether Jerksukji-san and Tangnisodok-eum have an effect on treatment of burn. Methods : 24 male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Burns were created by scalding on the skin surface. Immediately after being burned, the rats of group 1 were applied with silver sulfadiazine ointment topically on the burn wound. The rats of group 2 were applied with Jerksukji-san ointment topically and administrated Tangnisodok-eum orally. The rats of group 3 were applied with Jerksukji-san ointment topically. The rats of group 4 were cleaned with saline solution. All treatments were applied twice a day. After 3 and 7 days the inflammatory cellularinfiltration and epidermal gap were measured. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results : The rats of groups 1 and 2 showed a statistically narrow epithelial gap compared with those of groups 3 and 4 on the third and on seventh days (p<0.05). Group 3 showed a statistically narrow epithelial gap compared with group 4 on the third and seventh days (p<0.05). The decrease of inflammatory cellularinfiltration observed in group 2 was bigger than in the other groups (group 2>1>3>4) on the third and seventh days. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that Tangnisodok-eum and Jerksukji-san ointment are effective to treat burn, and it is necessary for clinical study to better ascertain this method.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2012

Background : Axillary osmidrosis is characterized by an unpleasant odor, profuse sweating, and in some instances, staining of clothes that may socially and psychologically impair affected individuals. Various types of surgical procedures have been developed for the treatment of axillary osmidrosis. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of subcutaneous pulsed neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd-YAG) laser treatment for the treatment of axillary osmidrosis. Methods : Twenty-nine patients with axillary osmidrosis were included in this study. Patients were categorized according to the results of an axillary malodor grading system, and a subcutaneous pulsed Nd-YAG laser was applied to all patients. The treatment area for the appropriate distribution of laser energy was determined using the iodine starch test (Minor's test) against a grid pattern composed of $2{\times}2cm$ squares. The endpoint of exposure was 300 to 500 J for each grid, depending on the preoperative evaluation results. The results were evaluated by measurement of axillary malodor both pre- and postoperatively using the grading system and iodine starch test. Results : The average follow-up period was 12.8 months. Nineteen patients had a fair-to-good result and ten patients had poor results. The postoperative Minor's test demonstrated that there were remarkable improvements for patients with mild to moderate symptoms. Complications including superficial second degree burns (n=3) were treated in a conservative manner. A deep second degree burn (n=1) was treated by a surgical procedure. Conclusions : Subcutaneous pulsed Nd-YAG laser has many advantages and is an effective noninvasive treatment for mild to moderate axillary osmidrosis.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.56-66
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• 2013

가스제조 시설들은 불활성 가스공급을 통하여 제조업 시설의 안전한 운영 및 유지하는 역할을 하며, 폭발성, 가연성 및 독성가스를 공급하여 화학제품 제조에 필요한 기초 원료의 공급을 담당하는 역할을 한다. 또한 가스의 제조과정에서 고온, 고압, 초저온 및 촉매반응 등의 운전조건 하에서 시설이 운전되기 때문에 안전하고 신뢰성 있는 운영이 반드시 필요하다. 이러한 공장들은 공정관리가 복잡하며 제조물질의 누출로 인한 화재, 폭발 및 독성가스 누출로 인한 중대산업사고의 위험성이 있고, 불활성가스로 인한 질식재해, 고온 및 초저온으로 인한 화상 등 잠재적인 위험요소를 많이 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 신뢰성 있는 준 정량적 위험성평가 기법인 GRA(Generic Risk Analysis) 모델을 공기분리시설(ASU)에 적용하여 초기위험도(Initial Risk) 산정, 안전방벽(Safety Barriers) 적용, 잔여위험도(Residual Risk) 산정 및 중요안전요소(EIS, Elements Important for Safety)를 도출 하였으며, 위험성 평가 결과로 도출된 중요안전요소에 대한 효과적인 안전관리 및 시행절차의 구축을 제안하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.655-658
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• 2006

Purpose: The main goals of correcting syndactyly of the hand are to form normal web appearance and to prevent motor dysfunction. We modified the original three-square-flap to improve interdigital web space and to reduce the wound healing problem due to tension. Methods: From July 2005 to February 2006, three cases of moderate to minor syndactyly were treated using modified three-square-flap. These flaps were made in such as way that the A flap from dorsal side, the B flap from the interdigital surface, and the C flap from the volar side. We modified the design of dorsal A flap as a hourglass shape instead of square shape to make normal hourglass shaped interdigital web and to reduce the tension of closure with other two flaps(B and C flap). The B and C flap were made as square shape. Results: During 4 to 10 months follow-up period, acceptable esthetic results were obtained without any specific complication, using our modification of the three-square-flap. Conclusion: Our method showed more satisfactory web appearance and was safe to use even in the cases of syndactyly secondary to burns and post-traumatic scars because of excellent blood circulation.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.14-21
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• 2008

Synthetic gas is defined as reformed gas from hydrocarbon-based fuel and the major chemical species of the synthetic gas are $H_2$, CO and $N_2$. Among them, hydrogen from synthetic gas is very useful species in chemical process such as combustion. It is a main reason that many studies have been performed to develop an effective reforming device. Furthermore, other technologies have been studied for synthetic gas application, such as the ESGI(Exhaust Synthetic Gas Injection) technology. ESGI injects and burns synthetic gas in the exhaust pipe so that heat from hydrogen combustion helps fast warmup of the close-coupled catalyst and reduction of harmful emissions. However, it is very hard to understand combustion characteristic of hydrogen under low oxygen environment and complicated variation in chemical species in exhaust gas. This study focuses on the characteristics of hydrogen combustion under ESGI operating conditions using a CVC(Constant Volume Chamber). Measurements of pressure variation and flame speed have been performed for various oxygen and hydrogen concentrations. Results have been analyzed to understand ignition and combustion characteristics of hydrogen under lower oxygen conditions. The CVC experiments showed that under lower oxygen concentration, amount of active chemicals in the combustion chamber was a crucial factor to influence hydrogen combustion as well as hydrogen/oxygen ratio. It is also found that increase in volume fraction of oxygen is effective for the fast and stable burning of hydrogen by virtue of increase in flame speed.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2017

Electrosurgical Unit(ESU) is medical equipment that cut or coag tissues using electrical energy. It is used in hospitals' outpatient clinic room and operating room. Improper use of an ESU may cause fatal injuries to the patient, such as burns. So, before using an ESU, make sure that it is supplying enough energy for cut and coag by measuring the output power and checking the output power cable. In this study, we developed a simple ESU power measurement system PW100 that allows anyone to check the basic output power. And PW100 can check the state of the cable associated with the output power before using ESU. Then, we compared the measured output power of the PW100 with an ESU Analyzer which was commercialized, and compared the performance. In the experiment, the output power measured by the PW100 was lower value than an ESU Analyzer's that. However, the PW100's output power measured in the 5% error range and showed stable reproducibility by a low %RSD value.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.81-95
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• 2008

Objectives: Whitmania pigra whitman (WP) has been used in herbal medicine to treat various conditions, such as eczema, skin burns and frostbites in herbal medicine. The purpose of this study is was to investigate the effect of WP on anti-allergy mechanism. Methods: To clarify the mechanism, the effect of WP on vascular permeability of rat cutaneous tissue and histamine and cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, $TNF-{\alpha}$) released from mast cells were observed. Results: The results were 1. the pretreatment with WP significantly decreased the compound 48/80-induced degranulation and histamine release from RPMC 2. WP did not inhibit the anti-DNP IgE-induced increment of vascular permeability of rat cutaneous tissue 3. WP significantly reduced the PMA plus A23187-induced increment of expression of IL-6, IL-8, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in HMC-1 cells. Conclusions: The present study providesevidence that WP acid inhibits mast cell-derived inflammatory allergic reactions by blocking histamine release and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and suggest the mechanisms of action. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro anti-allergic effect of WP suggests a possible therapeutic application of this agent in inflammatory allergic diseases.