• Journal of the Korean Burn Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.30-33
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• 2021

Purpose: Dalgona, a kind of candy made of caramelized sugar, is a popular snack for children. Given the popularity of preparing dalgona, increasingly many patients are treated for burns sustained while preparing dalgona. We report the clinical features and dangers of burns from dalgona. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 11 inpatients and outpatients who had been treated for burns they received while preparing dalgona from March 2020 to December 2020. The data reviewed were age, sex, the severity of the burn, the size and location of the burn, the type of treatment, and the place where the injury occurred. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 3 to 19 years, and the average age was 10.2 years (2 male, 9 female). Three patients had superficial second-degree burns, while eight had deep second-degree or third-degree burns. Most of the cases were treated with a local skin flap or skin graft. All the burned lesions were on the hands and feet. In all cases, the burns occurred at home due to accidental spillage. Conclusion: Most of the patients were children and teenagers, and they had serious burns. Therefore, we report these findings to emphasize the need for public awareness of the potential for burn injuries to occur during dalgona preparation.

• Journal of the Korean Burn Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.60-63
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• 2020

A 72-year-old man with diabetes, who underwent moxibustion, developed a foot wound but did not receive proper treatment. Examination showed a soft tissue defect (6×6 cm) on the dorsal aspect of the right foot with involvement of the first and second toes along with some phalangeal bone loss. The wound was treated with a skin graft and healed without complications. The right calf showed a raw surface (4×3 cm), which underwent epithelialization after conservative treatment. We observed four focal necrotic lesions (1.5×1.5 cm) on the right lower leg and anterior chest, which served as indicators of moxibustion, and debridement and primary closure were performed. Moxibustion is increasingly used as a therapeutic option; however, statistical data describing its adverse effects are limited. Moxibustion significantly increases skin temperature and can cause burn injuries. It is important to prevent moxibustion-induced adverse effects and avoid severe complications, particularly in patients with diabetes.

• Journal of the Korean Burn Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.31-36
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• 2020

Purpose: Scar contracture influence the outcome of burn patients significantly. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of robot-assisted training for the lower extremity rehabilitation of burn patients. Methods: This pilot study was conducted on 7 burn patients for 8 weeks between January 2019 and November 2019. Two of 7 patients withdrew from this study because one had skin abrasion on the legs which thigh fastening devices were applied on and the other was not participate in the assessment at 4 weeks after training. Final 5 patients received gait training with SUBAR^® and numeric rating scale (NRS), 6-minutes walking test, and range of motion in flexion and extension of knee and ankle joint were evaluated before training, 4 weeks and 12 weeks after training. Results: The subjects had a mean age of 51.8±98 years, mean total burn surface area of 30.8±13.7%, mean duration from injury to 1^st assessment of 102.8±39.3 days. Anyone of 5 patients did not have musculoskeletal or cardiovascular side effects such as increased or decreased blood pressure or dizziness. The significant improvement in NRS, gait speed, and range of motion in knee extension and ankle plantarflexion after robotic training (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Robot-assisted training could be feasible for the rehabilitation of burn patients and it could improve muscle strength and range of motion in lower extremities, and gait function.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.38-67
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• 2003

The burn is acute skin injury caused by fire, hot water. steam. hot oil, sour and salty. It is occurred frequently in the daily life as well as oriental therapy like moxibustion therapy, physical therapy. Nevertheless, medical treatment of the burn is almost dependent on western cure. So we chose the oriental medicine textbooks and the oriental medicine journals that were dealing with the drugs, processing the drugs. peculiar treatment put first external cure. The results were as follows; 1. The burn is acute skin injury caused by fire, hot water, steam, hot oil, sour and salty. 2. The burn cause blisters, irritability and restlessness, nausea, dryness of mouth, constipation, in case of serious, coma, dyspnea and death. The early stage of the burn, blisters form by skin damage and they burst into skin ulceration from which pus issues, the latter term, the wound form scab and healed up. 3. In a light case, medical treatment of the burn was used external treatment by medicine for externalism use, in a serious case, it was used both as an internal remedy and medicine for outward application. Also in the early stage, it was careful of using the cold and cool medicine, as the process of healing, it was used alleviating pain, detoxicating, moistening the skin, growing muscle and skin, convergence, evacuating pus, regeneration of the tissue, strengthen the spleen and nourishing the stomach. 4. The external treatment medication is Herba Ephedrae Oil(麻油), Radix ET Rhizoma Rhei(大黃), Glauberitum(寒水石), Water(水), Pig OiI(猪油), Pig Fat(猪脂), Radix Angelicae Gigantis(當歸), Rhizoma Coptidis(黃連), Cortex Phellodindri(黃栢). The White of an Egg(鷄子淸), Raw Honey(生蜜), Honey(蜜), Wine(酒), Etc. It is mostly the cold and cool medications. 5. Soft extracted and powered dosage form in external treatment is much used. The soft extracted form(32times used) are mostly Chung Ryang paste(淸凉膏) and Fructus Papaveris paste(罌粟膏). The powered form(30times used) are mostly Bingsang Powder(氷霜散), Bosaenggugo Powder(保生救苦散), Sahwang Powder(四黃散). The others is much a various powder adding solvent. 6. If varicella stage, erosion after varicella stage, oozing stage and extreme pain stage, the powder adding solvent is much used. If little oozing stage. ulcering stage, scabing stage and a chronic stage, Soft extracted dosage form is much used. 7. The most many(26.65%) used method is that apply each medication power mixed water(水), wine(酒), honey(蜜) in a wounded part.

• Journal of the Korean Burn Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.60-63
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• 2021

In the face, the nose plays an important role in both function and appearance. Among the subunits on the nose, the alar is a critical nasal structure of high aesthetic value. Previously, many surgeons have insisted that structural support should be added to the reconstruction of alar and particularly so in the case of a full-thickness defect. In a 58-year-old male patient who had a third-degree burn injury and full-thickness defect in most of the left nasal alar, forehead flap surgery alone was successfully performed without structural support.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.87-98
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• 2014

Objectives The present study aimed to investigate the effects of acupuncture and herbal external preparation on wound healing procedure in a deep partial thickness burn model in rats. Methods A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into four groups with an equal number in each group: acupuncture treatment group, herbal external perparation group, Silver sulfadiazine dressing group and control group. We describe the effect of acupuncture and herbal external preparation on morphologic and histologic changes, epithelial growth factor (EGF), hematological value of the deep partial thickness burn wound in rats. Results At 21th day after wounding the wound size in acupuncture treat group and herbal external preparation group were decreased more significantly compared to control group. In addition, epidermal regeneration on acupuncture treatment was than other treatment and control group in histological finding. Hematological findings revealed that acupuncture treatment group and herbal external prepartion group was more effective than control group in reducing inflammation response induced by burn. In acupuncture treated group, neutrophil and leukocyte level were significantly decreased compared to other treatment group. Also, this study showed that EGF was obviously expressed in nascent tissue when wounds were treated with the acupuncture and herbal external preparation after injury. In particular, acupuncture treatment group had a significant increase of EGF expression in burn wound healing area when compared with the other treatment groups. Conclusions These findings suggest that acupuncture and herbal external prepration may improve burn wound healing through decreasing inflammatory reaction, increasing tissue regeneration and expression of EGF. Moreover, acupuncture treatment could be more effective in comparison with Silver sulfadiazine dressing.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.81-92
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• 2009

Objectives: Burn is a severe dermal injury caused by heat. We were to investigated the effects of acupuncture or pharmacopunture treatment for the histologic and morphologic recovery on the mouse with the 3rd grade burn skin. Methods : We divided into 3 groups. One was a control group(n=3) that was not treated any treatments. Another was a acupuncture group(n=3) that was treated only acupuncture. The other was a pharmacopuncture group(n=3) that was treated only pharmacopuncture. We made a 3rd grade burned skin with the stainless steel heating apparatus. We made a treatment for the mice for a week(2 times for a day, totally 14 times treatments). We observed a dermal morphologic recovery on the mice and a histopathological photographs of the burn skin and subcutaneous tissue with H&E stain, Masson's trichrome stain, and VEGF, FGF and c-kit immunohistochemical stain. Results : The pharmacopuncture group were a better morphologic recovery than control group and acupuncture group. And the pharmacopuncture group were a better histopathological recovery than control group and acupuncture group on the burn skin and subcutaneous tissue with H&E stain, Masson's trichrome stain. And the pharmacopuncture group were a better histopathological recovery than control group and acupuncture group on the burn skin and subcutaneous tissue with VEGF, FGF and c-kit immunohistochemical stain. Conclusions : We suggest that the pharmacopuncture treatment is a better histologic and morphologic recovery than the no treatment or the acupuncture group with the burned mouse skin.

• Journal of the Korean Burn Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN)-defined nephrotoxicity in patients undergoing intravenous colistimethate sodium (CMS) therapy for major burns. Methods: This retrospective study included burn patients who received more than 48 h of intravenous CMS between September 2009 and December 2015. Data collection was performed using the institution's electronic medical record system. Patients assigned to the developed nephrotoxic group experienced aggravation of current AKIN stage during CMS treatment; those assigned to the non-nephrotoxic group experienced no change in current or exhibited improved AKIN stage during CMS therapy. Results: A total of 306 patients were included in this study. All patients were grouped according to AKIN stage: AKIN 0 (n=152); AKIN 1 (n=6); AKIN 2 (n=9); AKIN 3 (n=139). The baseline creatinine (Cr) level was 0.73 mg/dL. The incidence of nephrotoxicity was 50.3% according to AKIN stage; overall mortality was 45.8%. The non-nephrotoxic group consisted of 127 (74.7%) patients and 43 (25.3%) were in the developed nephrotoxic group. In patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), baseline Cr level was 0.83 mg/dL, pre-CMS Cr level was 1.17 mg/dL, and post-CMS Cr level was 1.34 mg/dL. Conclusion: CMS can be administered without signs of nephrotoxicity for a certain period (approximately 1 week), it can be used relatively safely for 2 weeks. Application of CMS is a reasonable option for treating infections caused by multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria in patients with major burns. The caution should be exercised nevertheless.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.173-177
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• 2006

Hydrofluoric acid is a colorless gas or fuming liquid with a strong, irritating odor. Hydrofluoric acid burns are uncommon; however, if severe burn occur, they caused death from systemic effects, such as fatal cardiac arrthmia. We experienced two cases of hydrofluoric acid chemical burns on digits. These patients had typical clinical features of hydrofluoric acid chemical burns, such as pulsating pain at the burn site, as well as ischemic and necrotic skin changes. The hydrofluoric acid chemical burn was confirmed by a history of exposure. Subsequently, we made a calcium gluconate gel by mixing 20% calcium gluconate, an antagonist against hydrofluoric acid, with lubricant, and we injected 10% calcium gluconate subcutaneously when they complained of pain rated at higher than 5 on the pain scale. Simultaneously, we monitored the patients' electrocardiographs and checked their serum total calcium, ionized calcium, and magnesium levels serially. Clinical presentations and the emergency management of hydrofluoric acid chemical burns were reviewed along with the current literature. These patients were discharged without any significant complications.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.15-18
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• 2016

Any types of burn injury that involve more than deep dermis often require reconstructive treatment. In gluteal region, V-Y fasciocutaneous advancement flap is frequently used to cover the defect. However, in case of large burn wounds, this kind of flap cannot provide adequate coverage because of the lack of normal surrounding tissues. We suggest V-Y adipofascial flap using the surrounding superficially damaged tissue. We present the case of a patient who was referred for full-thickness burn on gluteal region. We performed serial debridement and applied vacuum-assisted closure device to defective area as wound preparation for coverage. When healthy granulation tissue grew adequately, we covered the defect with surrounding V-Y adipofascial flap and the raw surface of the flap was then covered with split-thickness skin graft. We think the use of subcutaneous fat as an adipofascial flap to cover the deeper defect adjacent to the flap is an excellent alternative especially in huge defect with uneven depth varying from subcutaneous fat to bone exposure in terms of minimal donor site morbidity and reliability of the flap. Even if the flap was not intact, it was reuse of the adjacent tissue of the injured area, so it is relatively safe and applicable.