• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.306-311
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• 2000

A new strain of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) from easter lily (Lilium longiflorum), Ly2-CMV, was identified and compared to the well-characterized Mf-CMV (subgroupⅠ) and LS-CMV (subgroupⅡ) by host reaction in several indicator plants, dsRNA analysis, serological property, RT-PCR analysis, restriction enzyme profile of the PCR products and nucleotide sequence of coat protein (CP) gene. Remarkable differences in symptoms of Ly2-CMV were found between Mf-CMV or LS-CMV in tobacco plants and Datura stramoinium. Ly2-CMV induced small necrotic ringspots on the inoculated leaves of Nicotiana tabacum cvs. Xanthi nc and Burley 21 and D. stramonium, and failed to infect these species systemically. Of the indicator plants tested, N. benthamiana only reacted with systemic infection by inoculation of Lr2-CMV. In experiments of dsRNA analysis, serology and RT-PCR of CP gene, Ly2-CMV was come within subgroupⅠ CMV. However, restriction enzyme analysis of the PCR products using MspⅠ showed that Ly2-CMV was distinct to Mf-CMV. The CP gene of Ly2-CMV contains 657 nucleotides, and the nucleotide sequence is similar to that of Mf-CMV. There is also a high degree of conservation between their putative gene products in Ly2-CMV and Mf-CMV, with five amino acid changes in the 218 amino acids of the CPs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 2007

This study compares menthol migration from fillers to filters and mainstream smoke in a type of leaf tobacco and according to the moisture content differences at the range of $11{\sim}15\;%$. The leaf tobacco used in this study consisted of Korea flue cured upper leaves B1O (KFUB1), A40R (KFUA4), lower leaves C1L (KFLC1), CD4L (KFLCD4), burley upper leaves A3T (KBUA3), lower leaves D3W (KBLD3), Orient Basma I/III (OB), Orient Izmir BIG (OI), expanded tobacco (KET), and reconstituted sheet (KRC). Menthol migration to the filter and mainstream was measured under constant conditions for 80 days with intervals of 20 days. In the comparison between flue cured types, there were significant differences in the filter parts, as follows. KFUB1(34.4 %) KFUA4(37.4 %), KFLC1(43 %) and KFLCD4 were 55.7 %. In the comparision between other types of leaf tobaccos, KFUB1 was 34.4 % and KET was 52.6 % at filter parts. In the methol transfer to mainstream smoke was $16.5{\sim}24.2\;%$. The menthol migration to filters was measured based on the moisture content of $11{\sim}15\;%$ for the KFUB1 after storing it for 80 days. The menthol migrations were $36{\sim}40\;%$ at the moisture content of $11{\sim}15\;%$, respectively. The transfers to mainstream smoke were $12.8{\sim}15.8\;%$.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 1998

It failed occasionally to take a reasonable emergence rate since tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seeds were planted on late Jan. showing lowest temperature. This experiment was done to measure the effect of GA3 (concentration ; period) , light quality (red ; white ; dark) during or after its treatment, daily irradiation hours( 0 ; 8 ; 12 ;16) and germination termperature (20 or 10 $^{\circ}C$ ocnstant ; 20/1$0^{\circ}C$ alternating) on the germination rate. Red and white light given during grmination showed no differences between the other daily irradiation hours except that 8 hours red light delayed germination although their 12 hours irradiation had the gratest rate. The rate was increased with increased concentration to GA3 0.01 mM or increased imbibition period to 3 days although the rate of cv. NC 82 was less than that of cv. Burley 21 in the case of dark imbibition of GA3 but daily 12 hours irradiation during germination. Light quality forced during GA3 imbibition eliminated such effect of GA3 shown in the darkness so that only light quality pretreatment and termperature during germinition were affected on the rate. The germination rate of thecultivars was decreased in the order of red, white light, darkness meaning that it was highly influenced by the light quality during GA3 treatment. Regardless of GA3 or light quality treatment,on the other hand, the rate was greater in 20 $^{\circ}C$ constat than 1$0^{\circ}C$ constant and 20/1$0^{\circ}C$ alternating germination temperature having similar germinative patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.174-184
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• 1993

This is to investigate the methodology for the simultaneous determination of Wk, mk and TSNA using gas chromatography(GC) in combination with chemiluminescence detector, thermal energy analyzer(TEA) . The simultaneous analysis has been estimated by evaluating tobacco. The TEA was linked to GC equipped with non -polar SPB -5 fused silica capillary column which was introduced into the ceramic pyrolysis tube by the point of 16cm from the end of TEA. Quantification was carried out by internal standardization with WDPA after calibration of retention times and response factors with authentic nitrosoamines. It was demonstrated that WDPA was most preferable as internal standard for the simultaneous analysis. The recoveries of the internal standard were in the range of 83∼96% . Nitrosoamines in this method were detected with determination limit of 0.1ng and was made by a straight line in calibration curve by TEA response. The suitability of nitrosoamines extraction in tobacco leaf was investigated. It was most suitable to extract nitrosoamines from tobacco leaves with 0.01 M NaOH within a period of 8 hours. Thimerosal as an antibacterial agent was added to NaOH solution to prevent artifactual formation. The fractionation and the purification of nitrosoamines form alkaline extracts were conveniently performed using Extrelut multilayer column and dichloromethane. Reproducible and reliable results were obtained for the determination of nitrosamines in a relatively short time compared to previous known method. TSNA contents in burley were about 4 times higher as those in the fluecured tobacco.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.204-210
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• 1989

Normally cultured, harvested and yellowed leaves of aromatic tobacco variety. KA 101 were sun-cured under conventional polyethylene film house, air-cured in burley curing barn, and bulk-cured at three temperatures of 40$^{\circ}C$, 50$^{\circ}C$ and 60$^{\circ}C$. respectively, to investigate the effects of curing conditions on quality and chemical properties of leaf tobacco. Air-cured leaves had the poorest quality by price with little difference between that of sun-cured and three bulk-cured ones. Air-cured leaves were higher in ammonia nitrogen, protein nitrogen, total nitrogen, ash content and pH, but lower in sugar content when it compared with those of sun-cured and three bulk-cured ones. The curing variables tested did not affect the content of pet. ether ext. and volatile organic acids. The content of pet. ether ext., volatile organic acids, and most of volatile neutrals tended to decrease or not to change as the bulk-curing temperature increased. A quality index, (volatile organic acids, mg/l00g+％ pet. ether ext.) / ％(ash+pH) x 10, was found to be most accurate and easy to apply for the quality evaluation of aromatic tobaccos.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.192-196
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• 1986

Cold gelatinization of two naked burley (Songhak and Youngsan) starches in NaOH (0.14-0.21N) and KSC N (1.5-4.5M) was compared. Light transmittance of starch suspension in aqueous NaOH solution was higher in Youngsan starch than in Songhak starch. Viscosity of Youngsan starch was also higher at various starch concentrations (5-12.5%), however the critical concentration of NaOH for the gelatinization of Youngsan starch was lower by 0.1meq NaOH/g starch compared to Songhak starch. Two starches held a linear relationship between viscosity development rate and alkali concentration at a fixed starch concentration. The viscosity development rate of the starch was linearly decreased as starch concentration increased at a fixed alkali concentration. Gel volume of the starches was attained maximum at 2.5M KSCN, however Youngsan starch showed a higher volume and a less stability in KSCN than Songhak starch.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 1988

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of nitrogen rate and maturity on the yield, quality, nitrogen compound, protein pattern, and nitrate reductase activity. The results were as follow. As the nitrogen rate increased, the degree of red color of cured leaf increased. According to the time of harvesting at their leaf position, the price of the lugs is lowest in immature stage compared with mature and over mature stage but the upper leaves were lower than mature and immature stage in price. Yield are equal in immature stage and mature stage but over mature stage is lower than mature and immture stage. There was no different protein pattern and nitrate reductase activity in nitrogen rate and mature stage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.134-152
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• 1997

Plant viruses of tobacco including tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and potato virus Y (PVY) cause severe economic losses in leaf-tobacco production. Cultural practices do not provide sufficient control against the viruses. Use of valuable resistant cultivars is most recommendable for the control of the viruses. However, conventional breeding programs are not always proper for the development of virus-resistant plants mostly owing to the frequent lack of genetic sources and introduction of their unwanted properties. Therefore, we tried to develop virus-resistant tobacco plants by transforming commercial tobacco cultivars, NC 82 and Burley 21, with coat protein (CP) or replicase (Nlb) genes of TMV and PVY necrosis strain (PVY-VN) with or without untranslated region (UTR) and with or without mutation. Each cDNA was cloned and inserted in plant expression vectors with 1 or 2 CaMV 35S promotors, and introduced into tobacco leaf tissues by Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404. Plants were regenerated in kanamycin-containing MS media. Regenerated plants were tested for resistance to TMV and PVY In these studies, we could obtain a TMV-resistant transgenic line transformed with TMV CP and 6 genetic lines with PVY-VN cDNAs out of 8 CP and replicase genes. In this presentation, resistance rates, verification of gene introduction in resistant plants, stability of resistance through generations, characteristics of viral multiplication and translocation in resistant plants, and resistance responses relative to inoculum potential and to various PVY strains will be shown. Yield and quality of leaf tobacco of a promising resistant tobacco line will be presented.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-63
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• 1969

A series of experiment was carried out to study on the production of disease-free seed potatoes at the Alpine Experiment Station from 1960 to 1968, which initiated a study of comparison on degeneration of plain warm region and high altitude products and the effect of latent potato virus X (PVX) and potato leaf roll virus(PLRV) on degeneration. Particular observations were made on some aspect of the nature of potato virus disease and its control such as concentrations of PVX, range of host plants, physical properties such as concentrations of PYX, range of host plants, physical properties and carrying effect of insects, by investigating 9 different areas of the main potato producing regions (Kimhae, Taegu, Choongju, Taejoen, Suwon, Kwangju, Chonju, Cheju and Chinju). Highly purified anti-serum was separated and tested for control of the virus disease and also various method of prevention and control of PLRV were observed, using cultivation of sprouted seed tubers, early harvesting method, and systemic chemicals. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Potato yield in the plain region decreased by 32.8~66.3% in the first year cultivation of seed potatoes from colder region, and the rate of virus infection was 92.9 to 95.4%. 2. Plants of three families including, 20 species were susceptible to the PVX, and among the plants Salvia officinalis of a habits only was the carrier while the symptom of Digitalis purpurea of Screphulariaceae was masked. Necrosis and ring spot was occurred in most pJants of the Solanaceae and ring spot symptom also was observed in Nicotiana tabacum L. var. White Burley and in N. glutinosa. 3. The 8$C_2$ strain of virus had the following physical properties; thermal inactivation point, 68-$72^{\circ}C$ : dilution inactivation point, above 1, 000, 000 dilution: ageing in vitro, 240-360 days: and ageing in dry plant tissue, 30 days. 4. Myzus persicae and Oxya spp. did not transmit the 8$C_2$ strain of potato virus. 5. Virus was purified through the ammonium sulphate isolating method, and higher titer value, 1/2048 was obtained through anti-serum test. 6. Inhibition Chenopodiacae on the virus infection of potato was remarkable, and inhibition of local lesion host also was observed. 7, By earlier planting of sprouted seed tubers, growth period could be prolonged by 10 to 12 days. 8. Earlier harvest decreased much the rate of virus infection of seed potatoes. 9. According to the results of aphid control trial using systemic soil insecticides at Kangnung and Taekwanlyung, PSP 204, Disyston and Thimet was effective to aphid control. In particular, control effect of twice treatments of PSP 204 was great. 10. Treatmental effect of those chemicals lasted about 60-70 days. However, single foliar application of emulsified chemicals was not effective to potato virus control. 11. The effect of PSP 204, Disyston, and Thimet on the control of potato leaf roll virus was great, particularly in the case of two treatments of PSP 204, at Kangnung as well as at Taekwanlyung. Higher negative correlationship between the control effect of potato leaf roll virus and potato yield was observed showing the value r=-0.85 at Kangnung, and r=-0.87 at Taekwanlyung. 12. Differences in the control effects among PSP 204, Disyston, and Thimet was not noticed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 1995

The occurrence of Oriental Tobacco Budworm (OTB), Helicoverpa assulta (Guenee), larvae in early and late planted tobacco fields showed tow or three distinct peaks. The parasitoid, Campoletis chlorideae Uchida, occurred for a short period with one peak following th second peak of OTB in early planted fields. However, in late planted fields, the parasitoid occurred as long as the OTB larvae were abundant. The OTB larval density was higher in late planted fields than in early planted fields. Among four varieties of tobacco, the OBT larval occurrence was relatively high on NC-744 throughout the season. However, more parasitoid cocoons were found in Burleyf-21 and NC-82. The seasonal occurrence of the larval parasitoid, C. chlorideae, assessed by an OTB larval release and recovery method, continued from late June to early September and relatively higher abundance was noticed from early July to late August. In a field cage evaluation of C. chlorideae as a biological control agent of OTB larvae, higher rate of C. chlorideae release (4 females/2$\m^2$) resulted in higher larval parasitism (86.1%) and less leaf damage (8.7%) in tobacco. The leaf damage by OTB larvae was significantly high in the untreatment plot (23.2%) and the lowest damage (1.6%) was recorded in the chemical treatment plot.