• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.97-104
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• 1993

The lipid composition of thylakoid membranes was compared between mesophyll and bundle sheath chloroplasts of maize. According to mild-denaturing gel electrophoresis, mesophyll thylakoids contained both PS I complex and PS II light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex(LHCP), while those of bundle sheath cells contained mainly PS I complex. The amount of lipids per mg chlorophyll was higher in bundle sheath thylakoids than in mesophyll. The major polar lipid classes were monogalactosyldiacylglycerol(MGDG), digalactosyldiacylglycreol, sulfolipid and phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in both tissues. Linolenic acid(18 : 3), linoleic acid(18 : 2) and palmitic acid(16 : 0) were the main fatty acyl components, with higher ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids in bundle sheath thylakoids, suggesting these membranes are more fluid. The most striking difference in lipid composition between the two kinds of tissues was the practical absence of trans- 3-hexadecenoic acid(16 : 1t) in PG of bundle sheath thylakoids. This fatty acid is known to be involved in the association of LHCP as oligomeric form. More than 80% of MGDG molecular species was 18 : 3, 18 : 3, demonstrating that maize is a typical 18 : 3 plant. Therefore, the possibility of the functional relationships between the lamella structure, and thus the distribution of photosystems, and MGDG molecular species was excluded.

• 한국전자현미경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2001

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2010

To obtain the basic information for the use of bamboo, the anatomical characteristics of moso bamboo shoots, and 20-day-old, 60-day-old, one-year-old, and two-year-old moso bamboo were observed by using polarizing microscope. The cross section showed that the bamboo shoots consists of the early stage of cell formation, atactostele, parenchyma, and bundle sheath was formed in 20-day-old moso bamboo, and all cells completely formed in 60-day-old moso bamboo. The tissues in one-year-old moso bamboo appeared to be completely matured. On the tangential surface, no atactostele was observed in the bamboo shoot, but metaxylem, parenchyma, and bundle sheath were found. atactostele and parenchyma appeared to be formed between 20 and 60 days. All tissues and cells were totally formed and the cell wall of parenchyma were completely matured after one year. The metaxylem in bamboo shoots was observed to have pits, which means that it could be the tissues first formed of all bamboo cells.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 1987

This study was carried out to elucidate the physiological and ecological mechamism of the branch pattern and electronmicroscopic structure of photosynthetic organs in Zoysia japonica Steud. The angles between the internodes of rhizome and the branches of Z.iaponica were changed from 0 to 52 degrees. The rhizomes tended to branch from the 3th node to the 10th node. When the terminal bud was damaged by various environmental factors, the initial branching formation was appeared immediately to the 4th node. The internode growth of the rhizome started from the beginning of April and continued to the end of Octobor. It became evident that there is a division labor between two different kinds of photosynthetic cells of mesophyll and bundle sheath tissues in Z.japonica The thick-walled bundle sheath cells surrounds the leaf vascular bundles as the Kranz type and separates them from the mesophyll cells.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.367-374
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• 2001

Leaves of two developmental stages of Salsola species, young and mature, were examined to reveal the structural and functional relationships in the photosynthetic tissue using anatomical and ultrastructural criteria. Both young and mature leaves had Kranz anatomy of the Salsolid type with two layers of chlorenchyma on the leaf periphery: an outer layer of palisade mesophyll cells and an inner layer of compact bundle sheath cells with centripetally arranged organelles. The chlorenchyma was continuous in young leaves , while it was discontinuous in mature leaves. The main vascular bundle occupied the central position in the leaf. but the small peripheral vascular bundles were in contact with the chlorenchyma. Structural dimorphism of chloroplasts was obvious in bundle sheath cells of mature leaves exhibiting noticeable grana reduction, whereas mesophyll cell chloroplasts had well developed grana in all cases. Plasmodesmata were less numerous and rather simple in young leaves relative to well-developed secondary plasmodesmata of the later stage. According to the current data, features of two stages of Salsola leaves corresponded to NADP-ME bio-chemical subtype on the basis of photosynthetic cell ultrastructure. Implications of developing such anatomical and ultrastructural data of Sulsola species and biochemical characteristics reported in other C-4 species have been discussed.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the anatomical and ultrastructural responses of the oxyfluorfen-tolerant and -susceptible rice cultivars with barnyardgrass, a typical susceptible weed by oxyfluorfen and the herbicides having similar mode of action treatment. After the treatment of $10^{-5}M$ oxyfluorfen, the tolerant rice cultivars no showed the structural damage of leaf surface, but the susceptible rice cultivate was damaged in the wax and the susceptible barnyardgrass was even destroyed in the tissue irregularly. Also in the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass the thickness of leaf blade was greatly decreased. The anatomical change was not observed in the tolerant rice cultivars but epidermal cells, mesophyll cells and bundle sheath cells were badly broken in the susceptible rice cultivars and barnyardgrass and especially after 24 hours of the treatment the structure of susceptible rice cultivars was completely disintegrated. The irregularity of chloroplast shape and the distortion of chloroplast envelope were generally observed and the starch tended to decrease by oxyfluorfen treatment regardless of rice cultivars. Such a structural damage were appeared more badly in the susceptible rice cultivars and bamyardgrass than in the tolerant rice cultivars. By the treatment of diphenyl ether herbicides, the thickness of leaf blade greatly reduced in the order of oxyfluorfen > acifluorfen > bifenox > oxadiazon, and the susceptible rice cultivars showed more reduction than the tolerant rice cultivars. Especially, the susceptible rice cultivars showed that the leaf structure was badly broken down with damage epidermal cells and bundle sheath cells.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.208-217
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• 1993

Feeding behavior fo female brown planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens Stal, was examined with an electrical recording technique using DC amplifier and through anatomical observation of stylet ovement in the rice plat with electrical recordings. There was six feeding patterns, type P, S, SB, O, X and Ph with the brown planthopper. Type P was a probing pattern during searching the proper feeding site. Type S appeared to be associated with the initial penetration and changing direction through the tissues, and from this type type SB pattern could be distinguished by the regularity of the large potential drops seen, and might be associated with penetration of the phloem sheath and/or salivation in the phloem sheath. The type O pattern shows none of the large voltage drops which were believed to occur when cell walls were being broken down and passes through a relatively thin layer of cells into an air space. The very constant waveform of the type X pattern could be seen during ingestion within the xylem bundle sheath area. The Ph pattern always followed an SB pattern and was associated with a marked negative voltage drop. When this pattern was seen, the brown planthopper might be ingested plant sap from phloem sheath area.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 2001

Anatomy and ultrastructure of the modifeid Krana pattern have been studied in succulent Salsola collina Pall. Cylindrical leaves exhibited the Salsoloid Kranz type containing two layers of peripheral chlorenchyma that surrounded the water storage cells and vascular tissues. Small veins were also peripherally arranged, but mostly embedded in the vicinity of the inner chlorenchma without the orderly arrangement of the concentric layering of bundle sheath and mesophyll cells. The current study mainly focused on the chlorenchyma tissue abutting such minor veins. The outer columnar layer exhibited features similar to the characteristics of palisade mesophyll cells, while the inner cuboid layer to the bundle sheath cells of a typical $C_4$ Kranz pattern. Cellular components of the inner chlorenchyma were centripetal and numerous, but starch-laden chloroplasts were rudimentary in the thylakoidal system. The outer chlorenchyma demonstrated normally developed chloroplasts having well-stacked thylakoids and plastoglobuli. Branched and complicated plasmodesmata frequently occurred in thick interfaces of the two layers, implying the active movement of the photosynthates between them. The present data were mostly congruent with one of the structural features of the C4 subtypes , NADP-ME type, reported in the $C_4$ pattern. The Kranz pattern encountered in this Salsola probably has been directly related to the structural modification that occurred during a functional adaptation to the $C_4$ photosynthesis.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.281-287
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• 1997

Growth and anatomical responses of rice and barnyardgrass(Echinochloa crus-galli) to oxyfluorfen were examined under various growing conditions in a greenhouse. With foliar application at 0.08kg ai/ha 7 days after seeding or transplanting, oxyfluorfen completely reduced the shoot and root growth of barnyardgrass under all growing conditions. However, oxyfluorfen reduced the growth of direct seeded and transplanted rice by 0~64% and 0~12%, respectively. Phytotoxic effect on rice growth, with respect to plant height and shoot fresh weight, was more pronounced under water(53~63%) than under dry-condition(16~33%), and in broadcast-seeded(34~62%) than in drill-seeded rice(16~33%). Anatomical changes of epidermal and vascular bundle sheath cells of rice leaves were not induced by oxyfluorfen, but mesophyll cells were partially ruptured and total leaf thickness was reduced. Oxyfluorfen, however, constricted and ruptured mesophyll and vascular bundle sheath cells and severely reduced leaf thickness of barnyardgrass under all growing conditions examined. These anatomical changes were more severe under dry- than under water-seeded condition.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 1981

Testis of Pieris rapae L. was observed by using light microscope and electron microscope. The results were as follows 1. Pieris rapae L. possesses a ovoid single testis colored red. 2. Peritoneal sheath consists of three layers; outer cuticular layer, middle filamentous layer, inner layer with no filaments. 3. Follicles enclosed by peritoneal sheath are compacted by the folds of the. epithelium of follicle. They are opened together toward the duct of vas deferens. 4. Epithelium of follicle have high electron density and contain needle shaped structures and glycogen. Tracheoles are extended into the epithelium of follicle. 5. Cyst cells have a irregular shaped nucleus and cell organelles are abundant in cytoplasm. 6. Typical acrosomes were not observed, but the other structure smillar to the acrosome of the other insect or vetebrate were observed. 7. After releasing the sperm bundle, cyst cells seem to be autolyzed.