• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.7-7
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• 1998

Research activities of Russian Medical Engineering Center and Institute of Medical Materials of Shape Memory Alloys and Implants are presented as follows: ${\bullet}$ The direction of elaboration of porous shape memory alloys for medicine. ${\bullet}$ Medical and technical requirements and physical and mechanical criteria of porous shape memory implants elaboration. ${\bullet}$ Basic laws of heat-, stress- and strain-induced changes of mechanical properties, shape memory effect and superelasticity in porous TiNi-based alloys. ${\bullet}$ Methods of regulation of shape memory effect parameters in porous alloys and methods for controlling the regulation-induced changes of physical and mechanical properties. ${\bullet}$ Original technologies of elaboration of porous alloys In various fields of medicine. ${\bullet}$ Arrangement of serial production of shape memory porous implants and examples of their medical use.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.363-369
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• 1996

PMS(Pavement Management System) is the effective and efficient decision making system to provide pavements in an acceptable condition at the lowest life-cycle cost. As the highway system become larger, the necessity of the PMS in increasing. As of December 1995, the 3rd stage of PMS project was completed. The accomplishment of the research work can be itemized to the followings : $\bullet$ Calibration of PMS submodules (1) Pavement Condition Evaluation Model (2) Pavement Distress Prediction Model (3) Pavement Performance Prediction Mode (4) Selection of Pavement Rehabilitation Criteria (5) Optimization Technique for PMS Economic Analysis $\bullet$ Development of Computer Program to Implement PMS Logic $\bullet$ A Study to Implement the Automized Pavement Condition Survey Equipment to PMS $\bullet$ PMS Test Run $\bullet$ Development of PMS Operation Guideline $\bullet$ The 2nd Pavement Condition Survey for Long-Term Pavement Performance Monitoring.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.342-345
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• 1997

To achieve adequate brake performance in high-speed trains the brake system should : ${\bullet}$ offer high reliability and high availability, ${\bullet}$ permit deceleration of the train with as little wear as possible, and ${\bullet}$ display good control characteristics with, if possible, infinitely variable control of the braking effort. For these reasons, high-speed train is to be equipped with three different and largely independent brake system : ${\bullet}$ a regenerative brake with regenerative feedback in the driven cars, ${\bullet}$ a linear eddy-current brake in the nondriven cars and ${\bullet}$ a pneumatic disc brake in all cars. This paper describes the conceptual design of braking system for Korea High Speed Train with the maximum speed of 350km/h

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.378-383
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• 2001

Formation of superoxide anion $O_2\bar{{\bullet}}$ in the autoxidation of L-ascorbic acid (AsA) in the presence of heavy metal ions were determined. The generation of $O_2\bar{{\bullet}}$ was studied by using superoxide dismutase (SOD) in aqueous and buffer solution, and using nitro bule tetrazolium (NBT) in methanol solution. The remaining amount of AsA was significantly higher in the presence of SOD than in its absence. It suggested that SOD stabilizes AsA in aqueous and buffer solution because of scavenging $O_2\bar{{\bullet}}$ formed during the autoxidation reaction of AsA in the presence of heavy metal ions. NBT has an absorption maximum at about 560 nm in methanol solution. The absorbance at 560 nm increased during the oxidation of AsA, suggested the formation of $O_2\bar{{\bullet}}$in methanol solution. Thus, the formation of $O_2\bar{{\bullet}}$ was confirmed during the autoxidation of AsA not only in aqueous solution but also in methanol solution in the presence heavy metal ions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.272-281
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• 2015

Miniature smart-bullet is a human-carrying guided missile designed to hit a target easily while having a miniature size. Contrary to the normal missiles, miniature smart-bullet is highly expected to enhance the military strength and survival rate of troops by its compact size readily carriable to a single soldier. In this paper, previously developed techniques, activities and patents of miniature smart-bullet, particularly its structural shape and actuators are surveyed. Furthermore, analysis of required techniques to develop a miniature smart-bullet are also discussed for upcoming conceptual design.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.647-655
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• 2016

Lead dioxide ($PbO_2$) is an electrode material that is effective for organic pollutant degradation based on hydroxyl radical ($^{\bullet}OH$) attack. Representative parameters for $PbO_2$ electrodeposition are summarized to current, temperature, reaction time, concentration of Pb(II) and electrolyte agent. In this study, $Ti/PbO_2$ electrodes were fabricated by electrodeposition method under controlled reaction time, current density, temperature, concentration of $HNO_3$ electrolyte. Effects of deposition parameters on $^{\bullet}OH$ evolution were investigated in terms of electrochemical bleaching of p-Nitrosodimethylaniline (RNO). As major results, the $^{\bullet}OH$ evolution was promoted at the $PbO_2$ that was deposited in longer reaction time (1-90 min), lower current density ($0.5-50mA/cm^2$), higher temperature ($5-65^{\circ}C$) and lower $HNO_3$ concentration (0.01-1.0 M). Especially, the $PbO_2$ which was deposited in 0.01 M of lowest $HNO_3$ concentration by applying $20mA/cm^2$ for above 10 min was most effective on $^{\bullet}OH$ evolution. The performance gap between $PbO_2$s that was best and worst in $^{\bullet}OH$ evolution was about 41%. Among the properties of $PbO_2$ related on $^{\bullet}OH$ evolution performance, conductivity of $Ti/PbO_2$ significantly influenced on $^{\bullet}OH$ evolution. The increase in conductivity promoted $^{\bullet}OH$ evolution. In addition, the increase in crystal size of $PbO_2$ interfered $^{\bullet}OH$ evolution at surface of some $PbO_2$ deposits.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 2014

Let X be a divergence-free vector field defined on a closed, connected Riemannian manifold. In this paper, we show the equivalence between the following conditions: ${\bullet}$ X is a divergence-free vector field satisfying the shadowing property. ${\bullet}$ X is a divergence-free vector field satisfying the Lipschitz shadowing property. ${\bullet}$ X is an expansive divergence-free vector field. ${\bullet}$ X has no singularities and is Anosov.

• Korean Architects
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• s.582
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• pp.181-200
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• 2017

${\bullet}$ 새로운 건축기술과 각종 신소재의 등장, 새로운 설계기법 및 공법의 개발 등으로 국내 건축시장의 건축 관련 업무는 증가하고, 건축주의 요구조건도 다양해지고 있음 ${\bullet}$ 현재 건축 관련 교육은 건축사에 한정되어 있으며, 건축사사무소 소속직원은 교육 의무규정 및 관리체계 등이 부재한 상태로 교육의 기회를 얻지 못하고 있음 ${\bullet}$ 관련하여 설문조사를 시행한 결과, 건축사 중 대부분이 소속직원 역량 향상 및 교육의 필요성을 느끼고 있었으며, 만일 교육을 한다면 의무교육 형태를 요구하는 응답자가 절반 이상으로 나타났음 ${\bullet}$ 하지만 의무교육을 실시할 경우, 시간 할애 및 비용에 대한 부담을 느끼고 있어, 의무교육을 실시할 경우 이에 대한 해결책을 필요로함.

• 월간 기계설비
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• s.223
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• pp.47-57
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• 2009

건설산업기본법 시행령 시행규칙이 개정, 2008년 12월 31일 공포되었다. 이번에 개정된 건산법 시행령은 ${\bullet}$원도급자의 공사금액 조종사유 통보 내용과 절차 구체화 ${\bullet}$소규모 공사의 건설기술자 중복배치 허용 현장 수 확대, 건산법 시행규칙은 ${\bullet}$건설공사 하도급계약통보서 및 건설공사대장에 4대 보험료 등의 내용 명시 ${\bullet}$건설업 양도 공고절차 간소화 등의 내용이 개정되었다. 개정된 건산법 시행령은 오는 7월 1일부터, 시행규칙은 오는 4월 1일로부터 시행된다.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 2011

In this paper we introduce the notion of the center ZBin(X) in the semigroup Bin(X) of all binary systems on a set X, and show that if (X,${\bullet}$) ${\in}$ ZBin(X), then x ${\neq}$ y implies {x,y}=${x{\bullet}y,y{\bullet}x}$. Moreover, we show that a groupoid (X,${\bullet}$) ${\in}$ ZBin(X) if and only if it is a locally-zero groupoid.