• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.914-921
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• 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality in young bulls, steers and heifers produced by crossing Limousin bulls with Holstein-Friesian cows, fattened semi-intensively and slaughtered at 18 months of age. Methods: Thirty-one young calves were reared in a conventional production system, and were fed milk replacer, hay and concentrate. At 6 months of age, the animals were divided into groups based on gender, and were fed a total mixed ration composed of grass silage, concentrates I and II in a semi-intensive production system. At the end of the fattening period (18 months), the animals were slaughtered, carcass quality was evaluated, and samples of musculus longissimus thoracis were collected to determine the proximate composition and quality of meat. Results: Bulls were characterized by the highest percentage share of the most valuable cuts in the carcass, and three-rib sections from bull carcasses had the highest lean meat content with low intramuscular fat content (0.93%). No significant differences in carcass conformation, dressing percentage or the percentage share of round in the right half-carcass were found between bulls vs. steers and heifers. Heifers and steers had higher carcass fat content than bulls, which had a positive influence on the sensory properties of beef. In comparison with the meat of bulls, the meat of steers and heifers was characterized by more desirable physical properties and sensory attributes (water-holding capacity, shear force, color lightness, aroma, juiciness, tenderness, flavor). Conclusion: Under the semi-intensive production system, heifers and steers had higher carcass fat content than bulls, which had a positive effect on the sensory properties of beef. Bulls are better suited for intensive systems, which contribute to improving the quality of their meat. The results of this study may encourage producers to breed steers and heifers for beef.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.82-90
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• 2021

In the present study, we examined if deep uterine artificial insemination (DUAI) can improve the pregnancy rate of artificial insemination (AI) using epididymal spermatozoa (ES) in Hanwoo cattle. The estrus cycles of 88 Hanwoo cows were synchronized, and 17 cows were artificially inseminated using the DUAI method with ES, 20 cows were artificially inseminated via the uterine body (BUAI) method with ES, and as a control, 51 cows were inseminated by using the BUAI method with ejaculated spermatozoa from 1 proven bull after frozen thawing. The pregnancy rate of the DUAI method (58.8%) was higher than that of the BUAI method (25.0%, p = 0.0498). The motility of ES was examined immediately after thawing and after 3 and 6 h of incubation. The rapid progressive sperm motility of the control group was significantly higher than that of the ES group immediately after thawing and after 3 and 6 h of incubation (p < 0.05). The straight line velocity and average path velocity of the ES group after 6 h of incubation were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The linearity and amplitude of lateral head of ES were lower than those at 6 h (p < 0.05). The flagellar beat cross frequency and hyperactivation of ES were lower than the control spermatozoa immediately after thawing and at 3 h (p < 0.05). These motility parameters suggested that ES had a low motility and fertilization ability compared to the control spermatozoa. After frozen-thawing and 3 h of incubation, the percentage of live spermatozoa with intact acrosomes in the ES was significantly lower than that in ejaculated spermatozoa (p < 0.05). Our findings suggested that the DUAI method can overcome the low pregnancy rate of ES, despite the low motility, viability, and fertilization ability of ES.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2019

In this study, Le Corbusier's ideas were investigated from the view point of modern dualism. Le Corbusier, pioneer of modern architecture, insisted a rationalistic architecture for the industrial period, considering a house as 'machine for living'. In the other way, he tried to arouse emotions through architecture, mentioning a house as 'machine for affecting'. In his writings and paintings, he divided the world in the two opposed things (ex: human and nature, reason and sensation, chaos and order, orthogonal and libre curve, man and woman, sun and moon, lightness and darkness, bull and woman, and etc), and tried to combined the these two divided things. In architecture, he amalgamated his white buildings with the green vegetation, which is styled in the harmony of contrast(nature and articial). In urbanism, Le Corbusier did not divide nature only into three material elements for living(sunlight, air, green space), but also pursued poetic and aesthetic nature through buildings under the rays of sun and among the vegetation. Le Corbusier's dualistic ideas are based on Descartes's modern dualism, which divided the world into the material and the spiritual and into the objective and the subjective. Due to this original division, modern dualism contains the limits of extreme subjectification on human signification and of separation from the world and nature. Le Corbusier pursued the combination of the two divided things to overcome the contradiction of dualism, but his ideas and works contain the limits of the modern dualism.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to establish a selection process for high quality sperm in bovine semen using sperm separation by magnetic activation (MACS). For this, semen from 21 Nellore bulls was collected using an artificial vagina. To guarantee the presence of pathologies in the ejaculate, animals previously declassified in four consecutive spermiogram were used. Semen was analyzed in five statuses: (1) fresh semen (fresh); (2) density gradient centrifugation (DGC), percoll column; (3) non-apoptotic fraction after separation by MACS (MAC); (4) apoptotic fraction from the separation (MACPOOR); and (5) MAC followed by DGC (MACDGC). Using a computerized analysis system (CASA), motility was measured. The sperm morphology was evaluated by phase contrast, and the supravital test was completed with eosin/nigrosin staining. For DGC, 20 × 10⁶ cells were used in a gradient of 90% and 45% percoll. MACS used 10 × 10⁶ cells with 20 μL of nanoparticles attached to annexin V, and filtered through the MiniMACS magnetic separation column. Membrane integrity was assessed with SYBR-14/IP and mitochondrial potential with JC-1 by flow cytometry. Processing sperm by MACDGC, was more effective in obtaining samples with high quality sperm, verified by the total of abnormalities in the samples: 35.04 ± 2.29%, 21.50 ± 1.47%, 17.30 ± 1.10%, 30.68 ± 1.94% and 10.50 ± 1.46%, respectively for fresh, DGC, MAC, MACPOOR, and MACDGC. The subpopulation of non-apoptotic sperm had a high number of live cells (82.65%), membrane integrity (56.60%) and mitochondrial potential (83.98%) (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that this nanotechnological method, that uses nanoparticles, is efficient in the production of high-quality semen samples for assisted reproduction procedures in cattle.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2022

Objective: This work was carried out to evaluate the effect of pasture (PA) feeding on buffalo meat quality compared with buffaloes reared intensively with the use of corn silage as a forage base or alternatively with polyphite meadow hay (PH). Methods: Thirty Mediterranean bull buffaloes were distributed into three experimental diet groups: maize silage (MS), PH, and PA. The animals were slaughtered at a live weight of 250 kg, and carcass and meat quality were evaluated. After 7 days of ageing, physical and chemical parameters of longissimus thoracis muscle were determined. To evaluate lipid oxidation the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was tested at 7 and 14 days, and also the fatty acid profile was recorded by gas chromatography. Results: The PA group, even if it showed carcass parameters lower than those of the silage maize group, reported a good meat percentage (60.59% vs 58.46%, respectively) and lower fat percentage (p<0.001). PA-fed animals showed meat redness, and even if only on raw meat, shear force was higher than the others. Low values of conjugate linoleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and n-3 were reported in the silage maize group. Principal component analysis (PCA) clearly showed the influence of different diets on meat quality, and PCA1 and PCA2 explained 82% of the variability. Conclusion: Buffaloes reared on PA had meat with high nutritional value even if they showed poor carcass performance compared to the animals fed on MS. Buffaloes fed on polyphite hay were in an intermediate position, similar to grazing animals, according to the same nutritional determinations.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.130-133
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• 2001

A multifilamentary Bi-2223 HTS tape for superconducting power applications was studied through the fabrication of 250-meter long tapes by the PIT(powder in tube) process. To fabricate continuous long wire, a drawing machine, a two-drum bull block and a rolled tape winding machine were developed. Especially, 250-meter long tapes were heat treated in the shape of pancake coil to reduce the heat affect zone and to achieve the high critical current. Engineering critical current density was improved through both the enhancements of critical current density by control of thermal process and the increase of filling factor by using thin Ag alloy sheath tubes less than 1.5 mm in thickness. We have made successfully 250-meter long 37 filamentary tapes with high filling factor up to 31 % employing the modified drawing and rolling technique. The critical current of 250-meter long tapes with pancake coil type was measured by transport method at self-field up to 250 gauss of center field. The measured values, based on the transport critical current at self-field, $I_{c}$ -B characteristics and magnetic field analysis, are 34 A of I$_{c}$ and 4.0 $kA/\textrm{cm}^2$ of $J_{e}$ at 250 m, 77 K, and 0 T. We also have achieved the 56 A of I$_{c}$ and 7.0 $0 kA/\textrm{cm}^2$ of$ J_{e}$ in short tapes at 77K, self-field, and 1$mutextrm{V}$/cm.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.428-436
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• 2024

Objective: This study compared five distinct sets of biological pathways and associated genes related to semen volume (VOL), number of sperm (NS), and sperm motility (MOT) in the Thai multibreed dairy population. Methods: The phenotypic data included 13,533 VOL records, 12,773 NS records, and 12,660 MOT records from 131 bulls. The genotypic data consisted of 76,519 imputed and actual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 72 animals. The SNP additive genetic variances for VOL, NS, and MOT were estimated for SNP windows of one SNP (SW1), ten SNP (SW10), 30 SNP (SW30), 50 SNP (SW50), and 100 SNP (SW100) using a single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction approach. The fixed effects in the model were contemporary group, ejaculate order, bull age, ambient temperature, and heterosis. The random effects accounted for animal additive genetic effects, permanent environment effects, and residual. The SNPs explaining at least 0.001% of the additive genetic variance in SW1, 0.01% in SW10, 0.03% in SW30, 0.05% in SW50, and 0.1% in SW100 were selected for gene identification through the NCBI database. The pathway analysis utilized genes associated with the identified SNP windows. Results: Comparison of overlapping and non-overlapping SNP windows revealed notable differences among the identified pathways and genes associated with the studied traits. Overlapping windows consistently yielded a larger number of shared biological pathways and genes than non-overlapping windows. In particular, overlapping SW30 and SW50 identified the largest number of shared pathways and genes in the Thai multibreed dairy population. Conclusion: This study yielded valuable insights into the genetic architecture of VOL, NS, and MOT. It also highlighted the importance of assessing overlapping and non-overlapping SNP windows of various sizes for their effectiveness to identify shared pathways and genes influencing multiple traits.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2012

2010년 4월~10월과 2011년 6월에 전라북도 완주군 고산면의 고산천 일대에서 퉁사리의 자연산란장 특징을 밝히고자 연구를 실시하였다. 퉁사리의 성비는 1 : 1.02 (♀ : ♂)이었고 산란기는 6월에서 7월 사이로 추정되었으며 이 시기의 수온은 $23^{\circ}C$ 내외였다. 자연산란장은 넓적한 돌(boulder)이 상판으로 놓여있었고 그 돌 밑은 작은 자갈과 모래로 구성되어 있었다. 자연산란장안에는 구덩이가 파져있었고 그 중심에 난괴를 형성한 알이 위치하였으며 수컷 퉁사리 1개체가 알을 보호하고 있었다. 퉁사리의 자연산란장의 수심은 $61.4{\pm}11.97$ (50~85) cm, 표층유속은 $0.58{\pm}0.067$ (0.48~0.72) m/sec, 중층유속은 $0.46{\pm}0.098$ (0.27~0.61) m/sec, 저층유속은 $0.27{\pm}0.083$ (0.14~0.41) m/sec이었다. 산란장 상판으로 이용된 넓적한 돌(boulder)의 크기는 장경 $26.2{\pm}5.32$ (20~38) cm, 단경 $20.5{\pm}2.97$ (16~25) cm, 높이 $11.1{\pm}4.02$ (5~19) cm로 나타났으며 산란장 구덩이의 지름은 $9.8{\pm}2.32$ (6~14) cm, 깊이는 $2.8{\pm}1.10$ (1.5~5) cm이었다. 퉁사리의 평균포란수는 $124{\pm}27.7$ (92~180)개이었고 알의 크기는 $3.40{\pm}0.078$ (3.21~3.56) mm이었으며, 자연산란장내 산란된 알의 평균산란수는 $99{\pm}12.9$ (81~122)개이었다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2015

This study was designed to evaluate the possibility of increase through dairy female offspring's ratio by transfer of pre-selected transferrable blastocyst that was produced by pre-selected X-bearing semen with OPU derived oocytes. Elite dairy female cow is demanded strongly compared with male, the so called, farmer wants to produce only an elite female dairy offspring as a candidate female dairy cow for producing milk. In our study, we selected 2 elite dairy bull semen from National Agricultural Cooperative Federation to pre-select X-bearing semen and 5 elite dairy female cows as donor for collecting of OPU derived oocytes. OPU derived embryo production system was carried out an aspiration of immature oocytes from 5 donor cows 2 times per week, total 200 times for 2 to 7 months by an ultrasonographic guided follicular aspiration system and then produced in vitro-produced blastocysts by in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture. Dairy donor semen selected H-319, 320 bull in National Agricultural Cooperative federation was sorted X-bearing semen by flow-cytometer and frozen for using IVF with OPU derived oocytes. Donor cows were selected 5 elite dairy cows from Gyeongju Dairy Cow Community and then disease tests such as 4 kinds of disease before selecting was checked. Oocyte proportion of grade 1 to 3 from total collected oocytes was significantly lower in donor A and B than those in donor C, D and E (82.16 and 70.03% vs. 90.0, 91.78 and 93.57%), respectively (p<0.05). However, number of oocytes per session in donor A, C and E was significantly higher than those in donor B and D ($7.77{\pm}3.26$, $5.85{\pm}2.10$ and $7.03{\pm}2.14$ vs. $4.68{\pm}2.61$ and $5.21{\pm}1.97$ oocytes), but donor A was significantly higher than donor C (p<0.05). Development to blastocyst in donor B, C and E was significantly higher than those in donor A and D (31.0, 25.0 and 25.0% vs. 14.3 and 4.5%), but donor A was not different in donor C and E (p<0.05). Nine out of 10 blastocysts (90.0%) derived from OPU blastocysts were confirmed male embryos that was induced with Y-bearing semen to confirm sex ratio only. Total 96 blastocysts derived from female bearing semen were transferred into synchronized recipients and then confirmed 42 recipients (43.8%) pregnancy rate, 36 offspring (37.5%) and 91.7% female sex ratio (33 female vs. 3 male offspring). Taken together all data, elite dairy female offspring could be produced effectively by in vitro production system between pre-selected x-bearing semen and OPU derived oocytes that would be influential breeder in the breeding of dairy farm to increase effectively elite dairy offspring ratio as well as net income in the dairy farmer.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

본 연구는 한우초음파생체단층촬영 자료를 이용하여 한우개량을 위한 기초자료로 활용코자 실시하였다. 당대검정우 1,125두에 대하여 초음파생체단층 촬영한 자료와 검정성적자료 및 12개월령에 거세한 후 30개월령까지 비육 후 출하하여 도체성적을 조사한 자료를 이용하였으며, 후대검정우는 921두에 대한 검정성적자료와 도체 성적자료를 이용하였다. 12개월령에 측정한 초음파생체단층 촬영 배최장근단면적과 등지 방두께의 유전력은 각각 0.57, 0.41로 추정되었으며, 24개월에서는 각각 0.57, 0.60으로 고도의 유전력을 보였다. 그러나, 초음파 측정 %지방함량 유전력 추정치에서는 12개월령과 24개월령에서 각각 0.14, 0.22로 저 중도의 유전력을 보였다. 12개월령에 초음파생체 단층 촬영한 배최장근단면적, 등지방두께, %지방함량과 도체형질의 배최장근단면적, 등지방두께, 근내지방도의 유전상관은 각각 0.616, 0.544, 0.501로 추정되었고, 24개월령에서는 각각 0.894, 0.937, 0.263으로 높은 유전상관을 보였다. 12개월령에 측정한 초음파 측정 %지방함량과 근내지방도에서 높은 유전상관으로 추정되었는데, 이는 24개월령에서는 환경적요인(사양기술 등)에 의해 영향을 많이 받은 것으로 사료되며, 선발에 활용할 경우 24개월령 측정치 보다는 12개월령 측정치를 이용하는 것이 더 바람직할 것으로 사료된다. 12개월령 체중과 도체형질을 이용하여 씨수소를 선발하는 선발지수와 이와 유전상관이 높은 초음파생체단층촬영 자료를 바탕으로 선발하는 선발지수간의 순위상관을 분석한 결과 12개월령에 초음파생체단층 촬영한 자료에서 후보씨수소 선발지수는 0.140, 보증씨수소 선발지수는 0.843으로 높은 순위상관을 보였다. 본 연구결과 실시간으로 배최장근단면적, 등지방두께, 근내지방도와 같은 도축하지 않아도 도체성적을 파악할 수 있는 초음파생체단층 촬영 기술의 장점을 이용하여 선발에 활용한다면 근내지방도는 24개월령에 측정하는 것보다 12개월령에 측정하는 것이 더 효율적이라고 사료되어지며, 향후 초음파생체단층기술에 관한 더 많은 연구를 통하여 종축선발에 활용한다면 씨수소의 조기선발이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.