• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.76-76
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• 2011

Polymer-fullerene based bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells can be fabricated in large area using low-cost roll-to-roll manufacturing methods. However, because of the low mobility of the BHJ materials, there is competition between the sweep-out of the photogenerated carriers by the built-in potential and recombination within the thin BHJ film [12-15]. Useful film thicknesses are limited by recombination. Thus, there is a need to increase the absorption by the BHJ film without increasing film thickness. Metal nanoparticles exhibit localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) which couple strongly to the incident light. In addition, relatively large metallic nanoparticles can reflect and scatter the light and thereby increase the optical path length within the BHJ film. Thus, the addition of metal nanoparticles into BHJ films offers the possibility of enhanced absorption and correspondingly enhanced photo-generation of mobile carriers. In this work, we have demonstrated several positive effects of shape controlled Au and Ag nanoparticles in organic P3HT/PC70BM, PCDTBT/PC70BM, Si-PCPDTBT/PC70BM BHJ-based PV devices. The use of an optimized concentration of Au and Ag nanomaterials in the BHJ film increases Jsc, FF, and the IPCE. These improvements result from a combination of enhanced light absorption caused by the light scattering of the nanomaterials in an active layer. Some of the metals induce the plasmon light concentration at specific wavelength. Moreover, improved charge transport results in low series resistance.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.77-81
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• 1997

거대고리 리간드인 1,12-diaza-3,4;9,10-dibenzo-5,8-dioxacyclopentadecane$(NtnOenH_4)$와 1,12,15-triaza-3,4;9,10-dibenzo-5,8-dioxacyclo-heptadecane$(NdienOenH_4)$를 운반체로 포함한 클로로포름 액체막을 통한 운반속도는 Ni(II)$({\Delta}Gp)$값을 구하여 본 결과, 운반속도의 순위는 전이금속 양이온들이 갖는 분배수화 자유에너지의 음의 값의 크기에 비례함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 센서 박막재료연구회 및 광주 전남지부
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• pp.82-85
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• 2008

Polyimide is widely used as a high-temperature insulating material. Space charge distributions in polyimide (PI) films strongly depend upon electric field, temperature, water content and so on. We observed space charge distributions in PI films with various water contents. When a dc field was applied to as-received PI films or water-treated PI films, positive and negative homo space charges were observed near the respective electrodes at 333 K. In dried PI films, the homo space charges were much reduced, and positive and negative hetero space charges in the bulk were clearly observed. The space charge amounts in water-treated PI films were smaller than in as-received ones, while the current density in water-treated PI film was larger than that in as-received one by two or more orders of magnitude. These suggest not only that the charge injection from the electrode is enhanced by absorbed water but also that absorbed water makes carriers mobile. The decay of space charge was also faster in water-treated PI than in as-received or dried one. This also supports the enhancement of apparent mobilities of carriers in PI by absorbed water.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1998

There are three basic modes of operation of ships: liner, tramp and industrial operations. Industrial operations, where the owner of the cargo, i.e. the industrial carrier controls the ships, abound in the shipment of bulk commodities, such as oil, chemicals and ores. Industrial carriers strive to minimize the shipping cost of their cargoes. This paper is concerned with the operational optimization problem of a fleet owned by major international oil company. The major oil company is a holding corporation for a group of oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing companies located in various countries throughout the world. The operational optimization problem of the fleet is divided into two-phases. The front end corresponds to the optimization of transporting crude oil, product mix, and the distribution of product oil to meet market demand. The back end tackles the operational optimization problem of the fleet to meet the transportation demand derived from the front end. A case study is carried out with the H major oil company problem composed by reflecting the practices of an international major oil company. The results are summarized and examined in the point of optimization for the total operation of the H major oil company and the operational optimization problem of the fleet. The paper concludes with the remark that the results of the study might be useful and applicable in practices of these related decision problems.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.311-312
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• 2007

Polyimide is widely used as a high-temperature insulating material. Space charge distributions in polyimide (PI) films strongly depend upon electric field, temperature, water content and so on. We observed space charge distributions in PI films with various water contents. When a dc field was applied to as-received PI films or water-treated PI films, positive and negative homo space charges were observed near the respective electrodes at 333 K. In dried PI films, the homo space charges were much reduced, and positive and negative hetero space charges in the bulk were clearly observed. The space charge amounts in water-treated PI films were smaller than in as-received ones, while the current density in water-treated PI film was larger than that in as-received one by two or more orders of magnitude. These suggest not only that the charge injection from the electrode is enhanced by absorbed water but also that absorbed water makes carriers mobile. The decay of space charge was also faster in water-treated PI than in as-received or dried one. This also supports the enhancement of apparent mobilities of carriers in PI by absorbed water.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1984-1985
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• 2007

Polyimide is widely used as a high-temperature insulating material. Space charge distributions in polyimide (PI) films strongly depend upon electric field, temperature, water content and so on. We observed space charge distributions in PI films with various water contents. When a dc field was applied to as-received PI films or water-treated PI films, positive and negative homo space charges were observed near the respective electrodes at 333 K. In dried PI films, the homo space charges were much reduced, and positive and negative hetero space charges in the bulk were clearly observed. The space charge amounts in water-treated PI films were smaller than in as-received ones, while the current density in water-treated PI film was larger than that in as-received one by two or more orders of magnitude. These suggest not only that the charge injection from the electrode is enhanced by absorbed water but also that absorbed water makes carriers mobile. The decay of space charge was also faster in water-treated PI than in as-received or dried one. This also supports the enhancement of apparent mobilities of carriers in PI by absorbed water.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2015

International organizations and classification societies established rules and regulations to which shipbuilders and ship operators should comply during design, construction, even operation keeping from hazard to life of crews and ocean environment. Hence, rules and regulations could be guidelines for design and construction of ship sometimes. In practical wise, ship structure designers be predisposed to design lightest and easy-to-product structures which satisfy rules and regulations. Therefore, changes of rules and regulations are remarkably important issue to related industries. In 2006, IACS established and released Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carrier and Common Structural Rules for Double Hull Oil Tanker. These CSRs are consolidated and unified rules of class society's rules. But these two rules are different from each other. IACS has plan to release unified rule of two ship type called Harmonized Common Structural Rule for Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers. This new rule will be effective from July 2015. Hence, bulk carrier and double hull oil tanker whose contract date is on and thereafter July 2015 should be complied with CSR-H. Therefore, it is highly important to be aware of consequences and cause of consequences with respect to CSR-H. The object of this research is to compare requirements of structure scantling in way of midship area for selected target ship according to CSRs and CSR-H and to analysis cause of deviation between two rules.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.244-252
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• 2020

2008년 9월 미국의 서브프라임 모기지 부실에 의한 리먼브러더스 사태로 시작된 글로벌 금융위기가 세계 건화물해운시장에도 영향을 끼쳐 건화물 물동량 감소와 선박의 공급과잉으로 세계 건화물해운산업과 조선산업에 심각한 불황을 유발하였다. 이러한 상황에서, 국제경제의 동향에 민감한 한국경제의 구조 여건상 한국의 건화물선해운기업(또는 건화물선사)도 2008년 이후 현재까지 어렵게 경영을 헤쳐가고 있다. 이와 같은 심각한 불황과 그 여파로 건화물선사의 수익이 급감 할 수밖에 없게 되었으며 열악한 재무구조로 인해 경영이 부실해지고 급기야 도산과 파산하는 해운기업이 속출하게 되었다. 이러한 점을 고려하여 동 연구는 2008년 글로벌 금융위기를 기점으로 2005년부터 2007년까지와 그 후 2010년부터 2012년까지로 기간을 선정한 다음 한국의 외항 건화물 해운기업을 건전기업과 부실기업으로 구분하여 두 기업집단 간의 주요 재무비율에 어떠한 변화와 차이가 있었는지 t 검정을 통해 분석하였다. 실증분석에서 두 집단 간에 차이를 보인 주요 재무비율로는 수익성비율과 성장성비율이다. 본 연구의 의의는 첫째, 해운기업 경영에도 역시 재무건전성에 대한 체계적인 관리가 중요하며 이를 위해 수익성이 높은 화물을 계약하는 영업전략이 중요하다. 둘째, 선박의 효율적인 운항 및 관리로 성장성이 지속되는 기업으로 경영해야 한다는 것이다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.121-139
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• 2005

The case, Papera Traders Co. Ltd. and Others v. Hyundai Merchant Marine Co. Ltd and Another(The Eurasian Dream), was occurred on July, 1998 when the ISM Code became mandatory under SOLAS and from that date it applied to oil tankers, chemical tankers, gas carriers, bulk carriers and cargo high-speed craft of 500 gross tonnage and above. On July 23, 1998, a fire started on the deck of pure car carrier Eurasian Dream while in port at Sharjah. The source of fuel was the stevedores action of pouring petrol or transferring fuel in some way - refueling or pouring into a carburettor. The fire eventually destroyed or damaged the vessels cargo of new and second-hand vehicles and rendered the vessel itself a constructive total loss. Justice Cresswell held that the fire that destroyed or damaged the cargo was due to the unseaworthiness of the vessel they have the burden of proving that the vessel was unseaworthy before and at the beginning of the voyage and that the loss or damage was caused by that unseaworthiness. This case was a dispute between dependent and claimant alleging that the carrier should provide "properly man, equip and supply the ship and keep the ship so manned" under Hague-Visby Rules. Although ISM code was not officially applied to the carriage by car carriers until July 2002, a rule based on the code had customarily been employed as a mean for international dispute resolution. Examining the above case closely, the purpose of this study is to explore the relation of ship management and obligation to exercise due diligence in making the vessel seaworthy.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.460-464
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• 1997

(Allyloxy)methyl-Crown Ether를 액체막계에서 금속이온의 운반체로 사용하였다. 운반체로 사용한 AMDT18C6는 경쟁이동반응에서 Pd(II)를 선택적으로 분리하였으며 AM18C6는 Pb(II)의 선택성이 있었다. 거대고리리간드와 금속이온과의 착물형성에 관한 연구는 전위차법과 용액열량계법을 이용하였다.