• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.197-201
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate cut flower quality bulb circumference and cultivars affecting 7 different cultivars to produce high quality cut flower lilies. To determine the effects of bulb circumference on growth and cut flower quality of 7 different cultivars, Lilium oriental hybrid 'Chilli', 'Ismael', 'Medusa', 'Mother's Choice', 'Siberia', 'Sorbonne', and 'Yelloween' were tested. After cut flower quality experiment, the highest 1st flower bud length and cut flower height were 'Medusa' and 'Mother's Choice' respectively. Most plants had over $30^{\circ}$ stem bending angle except for 'Mother's Choice', and 'Ismael'. The study shows that the bigger bulb circumference has the better 1st peduncle diameter, inflorescence length, stem diameter, number of flowers, and fresh weight. Bulb circumference affects the 1st flower bud length, cut flower height and number of flowers. Stem bending angle, however, is affected by neither bulb circumference nor cultivar. In conclusion, growth, cut flower quality and vase life were affected by the bulb circumference rather than cultivar.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.363-369
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate proper planting density and depth of tissue-cultured oriental lily bulblets for bulb production. Planting densities of bulblets were 200, 400, 600, 800, 1,000 bulblets/ $m^2$, and planting depths were 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 cm. Proper planting density of tissue-cultured 'Siberia' bulblets was 400 bulblets/ $m^2$ with 87.3% of survival rate, 6.4 cm of bulb circumference, and 8.3 g of bulb weight. For 'Sorbonne', it was thought to be 400 bulbs/ $m^2$ with 88.8% of survival rate, 5.0 cm of bulb circumference, and 7.1 g of bulb weight. Proper planting depth of tissue-cultured 'Siberia' bulbs was 3 cm with 77.8% of survival rate, 5.9 cm of bulb circumference, and 7.9 g of bulb weight. For 'Sorbonne' bulbs, it was 3 cm with 87.1% of survival rate, 5.1 cm of bulb circumference, and 6.5 g of bulb weight.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.373-380
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• 2017

Amaryllis ($Hippeastrum{\times}johnsonii$) is commonly propagated by three methods: seeds, offset bulblets, and twin scaling. Since the number and size of bulblets produced by these methods are low, we conducted an experiment to evaluate different bulb cutting methods for propagation. For this purpose, bulbs (circumference of 30 - 35 cm) were sectioned or notched into 8, 12, or 16 segments or twin-scaled into 48, 72, or 96 segments for bulblet formation. Our results show that the largest number of bulblets was produced by the twin scaling method, but they take longer to grow to a final, commercial size. Sectioning and notching resulted in larger, but fewer bulblets than twin-scaling. Compared to notching, sectioning provided more space for the bulblets to grow, and is therefore the recommended method. While increasing the number of sections cut from a single bulb resulted in a larger number of bulblets, the diameter of the bulblets decreased. Therefore, sectioning the bulb into 8 segments was the best method for producing an acceptable number of vigorous bulblets.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.283-292
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• 2007

In several treatment modalities for snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), oral appliances mainly including mandibular advancement appliance (MAA) and tongue retaining device (TRD) are recognized as a non-invasive, reversible alternative with favorable results. Tongue bulb is a major component of TRD which prevents the tongue from approaching the posterior wall of the pharynx and can be combined with MAA. Determination of tongue bulb size for the patient is important for therapeutic effect, but frequently needs time-consuming work. For effective fabrication and standardization of tongue bulbs, this study aimed to categorize tongue bulb size for healthy young men and to examine its relation with maximum retention force and with physical parameters including tongue-related variables. 36 non-snoring, asymptomatic young men with normal occlusion were voluntarily participated in this study (mean age: $24.47{\pm}2.58$ years). Experimental procedures consisted of prefabrication of tongue bulb set (20 types with a width of 27-36mm and thickness of 8 and 10 mm), determination of tongue bulb size and the maximum retention force for each subject, and measurement of physical parameters including body mass index (BMI), neck circumference and width, thickness and length of tongue. This study showed that there was significant difference of retention force among the bulb size-related groups both in upright and supine position (p<0.05) and that retention force increased with bulb size. Correlation of tongue bulb size with physical parameters was not clearly verified and there was no significant difference in retention force between upright and supine positions. Based on our results, it can be suggested that retention force relates with tongue bulb size, ultimately with tongue volume. A further study needs to be performed in the patients with snoring and OSA.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of bulblet size on growth and bulb enlargement of Lilium Oriental hybrids, such as 'Sorbonne', 'Siberia', and 'Casa Blanca', grown in areas of high altitude (780 m), in 2009. The bulblets were oriented from tissue culture and planted to produce virus-free bulblets. All the three cultivars showed high vitality, with more than 93% producing shoots, even from small bulblets with a bulb circumference (BC) of less than 6 cm. Bulblets with BC 9-10 cm showed an increased height and number of leaves rapidly to induce the phase conversation from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. The bulblets of BC 9-10 cm in 'Sorbonne', 'Siberia', and 'Casa Blanca' had 2.0, 2.9, and 2.8 flower bud sets per plant, respectively. However, the flowers from those bulblets were not adequate as standard bulbs to produce cut-flowers for the domestic market. The larger bulblets showed more prosperous characteristics in growth and development of Lilium Oriental hybrids. Small bulblets had a high occurrence of viruses and leaf blight symptoms during cultivation, indicating the aggravated disease symptoms in the previously infected bulbs. 'Sorbonne' cultivars showed a high rate of enlargement of bulbs, and small bulblets under BC 6 cm produced more than 23% of the standard bulbs of BC 14-16 cm, which could produce cut-flowers for export. However, 'Casa Blanca' bulblets with BC 6-9 cm produced low bulbs of BC 14-16 cm at 21% level. 'Casa Blanca' cultivars had more bulb roots, longer root lengths, and higher weights than 'Sorbonne' and 'Siberia' cultivars. 'Casa Blanca' cultivars with BC over 9-10 cm grew rapidly and produced a high quantity of bulbs. In these results, 'Sorbonne' bulblets of BC 9-10, 'Siberia' bulblets of BC 10-12 cm, and 'Casa Blanca' bulblets of BC 10-12 cm produced 89%, 86%, and 93% of the standard bulbs of BC 14-16 cm, respectively. It is recommended that bulblets larger than the above sizes be used to produce cut-flowers for the export market. Experiment results suggest that production of bulbs larger than BC 18 cm requires bulblets that are larger than BC 12-14 cm of the three cultivars for the highest quality cut-flowers.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.329-333
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• 2012

A new Asiatic hybrid lily 'Redsky' cultivar was selected from a cross between 'Vivaldi' cultivar with pale pink color flower as mother plant and 'Prato' with orange colored flower in 2000 year. The selected bulb line was propagated and cultivated for line nomenclature as 'Gonong-F-na-10'. The survey of the growth and flower characteristics of 'Gonong-F-na-10' were conducted from 2005 to 2007 on summer cropping system under structure in Highland Agriculture Research Center, NICS, RDA. After all 'Gonong-F-na-10' was named as 'Redsky'. The flowers of the 'Redsky' cultivar had not soft hair and fragrance, and had orange red (O-R N30D) colored petals with dark brown spots in center of flower. The stem color was dark pink and brown caused by anthocyanin pigment, the stigma and pollen colors were brown. Flowering direction was upward. The flowering date was July 7 so early flowering. The plant height was 97.2 cm so long, number of flowers was 4.9 ea, and length of flower bud was 9.3 cm. The bulb weight was about 34.8 g and its bulb size was about 14.8 cm in circumference. 'Redsky' cultivar was registered as a new variety with No. 3119 in Korea Seed and Variety Service on June of 2010.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.293-297
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• 2012

A new asiatic lily cultivar 'Point' was derived from a cross between $Lilium$ $concolor$ var. $partheneion$ and 97-5 with orange colored petals made in 2000. The selection and the survey for the flower characteristics were conducted from 2005 to 2008 by using vinyl tunnels and greenhouse at Highland Agriculture Research Center, NICS, RDA. Based on flower color, 'Point' cultivar belongs to orange red group (O-R N30C). There was lots of spots in petal. The flowers had brown stigma and dark brown pollen. The stem color was dark purple. The flowering date was July 8. The plant height was 88.2 cm and flower numbers were 5.4 ea. The length and width of petal were 6.3 cm and 3.2 cm, respectively. The flower size was smaller than that of 'Prato' cultivar. The number of leaves was 12.2 ea. The length and width of leaves were 9.2 cm and 1.1 cm, respectively. The weight and circumference of bulb were about 24.6 g and 11.6 cm, respectively. 'Point' cultivar had resistance to bulb rot disease. The flowering duration was 16.1 days. The preference was good to 4.1 on 5 grades. 'Point' cultivar was registered as a new variety with No. 3446 in Korea Seed and Variety Service on April 2011.