• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.355-363
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• 2007

The Korean traditional 'Ondol' system has been a target for innovation to meet the requirements of sustainable domestic building and low carbon emission energy utilization. Simulation techniques provide designers and researchers with powerful tools to predict heating load and thermal behaviour of Ondol systems installed in various contexts. However, there are few studies on Ondol models, especially associated with multi-stories buildings of which type covers about 50% of Korean housing stock. In this study, we analyzed the double floor Ondol system on the multi-stories buildings using the ESP-r program. On the basis of the double floor Ondol system, we suggested the new modelling method that is composed of the Vent zone and Ondol zone. Using the this model, sensitivity analysis was carried out to refine the applicability of the model taking account of control conditions, constructions, air change and air flow network method and CFD analysis using the FLUENT. The air layer has enough temperature to use in heating zone. It is suggested that the simplicity of the model will allow building designers and mechanical engineers easily to implement scenario-based assessments of design options as well as control strategies. Later, we will simulate the real buildings and analyze the air distributions using the Fluent according to the various conditions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.615-626
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of risk factor model for the Jordanian banking stocks from 2006 to 2018. This study employs the Five-factor Fama and French's (2015) methodology and uses the annual returns of all Jordanian banks including 2 Islamic and 13 commercial banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) over a period of 13 years. The results show that the factors of value and profitability have an important role in evaluating the expected return in Jordanian banking stocks. Moreover, the value HML and profitability RMW factors provide the highest cumulative returns among these five factors, while the investment CMA and size SMB factors are still around zero cumulative returns. For the market factor, it provides the least negative cumulative returns. The results showed that the largest correlation is between value and investment factors which means that banks with a high book to market value become banks with a conservative investment strategy. The result of the sub-periods confirmed the value and profitability results. The findings of this study suggest that the five-factor Fama and French model is the choice of building an investment portfolio, especially the factors of value and profitability.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.89-108
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• 2007

The purpose of the study are summarized as follows: First, it has researched the new functions of middleman in Fisheries Port Market. Second, the new functions which middleman have to perform in Fisheries Port Market consist of the origin function, marketing function, logistics function. The origin function consists of the discrimination of fish species and freshness, making the price by auction, financing, etc. Marketing function consists of various species assortment from not only fisheries port market but also non fisheries port market as frozen and import fish markets, finding the new selling markets as not broker but wholesaler, making the price and margin non through the action, processing, etc. Logistics function consist of fish stock, delivery Third, it has recognized the upcoming important problems by building up the new functions as middleman in Fisheries port Market. This study has used a questionnaire to verify 3 hypotheses. Research model, factor analysis, regression analysis. The result of this study are summarized as follows: The origin function influences positively on the effectiveness of middleman's performance in Fisheries port Market. Marketing function influences positively on the effectiveness of middleman's performance. However, logistics function did not directly influences on the effectiveness of middleman's performance.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.41-51
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• 2020

A series of corporate failures and financial crises have raised attention to organizational governance issues, especially for financial institutions. In the banking system, corporate governance further plays a unique role because of the uniqueness of the banking organizations. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of corporate governance disclosure on bank performance by building a corporate governance disclosure index (CGDI) for 10 Islamic banks operating in Iran, Saudi Arabia and Malaysia. The data used in this study are secondary data taken from annual reports and sourced from the official websites of each banks include Iran Exchange, Stock Market Quotes and Financial News, and Bursa Malaysia. This study uses content analysis of the annual bank report within five years (2014-2018). The results show that Islamic banks comply with 72.4% of the attributes discussed in the CGDI. The most frequently reported and disclosed elements are board structure and audit committee. The regression results provide evidence that Islamic banks with a higher level of corporate governance disclosure reported high operating performance measured by ROA. In contrast to the expectation, the financial performance of ROE and Tobins'q are not significantly related to the disclosure of sharia bank governance.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.153-158
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• 2020

The study aims to identify the factors affecting employee loyalty in the case of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Tra Vinh province, Viet Nam and to find out critical factors affecting the loyalty of employees in SMEs. This is implemented with the method of collecting primary data of 320 employees working at SMEs in 5 districts including: Cau Ngang, Tra Cu, Chau Thanh, Cang Long, Tieu Can) and Tra Vinh City, Viet Nam. Using the multivariate regression method, the researchers have found 6 factors affecting employee loyalty: colleagues, leaders, job characteristics, remuneration policies, organizational culture, and working environment. Particularly, learning opportunities may not be not statistically significant for employees' loyalty towards small and medium-sized enterprises in Tra Vinh province. From the above research results, the authors have proposed implicational piolicies such as: focusing on colleague relationships, improving leadership of business owners, attaching importance to appropriate work arrangement, having appropriate remuneration policies for laborers, building effective organizational culture and working environment to improve employee loyalty at SMEs. From the above policy implications, helping business owners realize the aspirations of workers in small and medium-sized enterprises more closely in the future, in order to sustainably develop the business system in Vietnam.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2012

Functional mismatch and thought and plan-less material use of recently built boundary barriers in rural areas should greatly degrade their amenity value as one of linear villagescapes, but, their present state-of-art basically necessary for problem-solving had never surveyed up to now. From this point of view, this study tried to investigate present stock quantities and qualities of boundary barriers in rural areas by sample studies on 21 case villages(7 types ${\times}$ 3 cases) and comparative analysis between the planned or improved and nots. Wall type was absolutely dominated in the structural terms, of which more than half was used cement block as building material and, therefore, grey-colored. More than half of total barrier length were fully shielded, while relatively partially shielded in the mountainous villages in open space and 'Cultural villages' with closed housing structures. Free standing style of barriers was shown along over two thirds of their total length, although not more than half in planned reclaimed villages. Especially, because of one-sided wall type structure, mismatched over-shieldness and poorer maintenance condition of the boundary barriers in peri-urban villages, there should be provided with very intensive improvement efforts for amenity barriers.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.299-324
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• 2013

The current research focuses on the seismic vulnerability assessment of typical Southern Europe buildings, based on processing of a large set of observational damage data. The presented study constitutes a sequel of a previous research. The damage statistics have been enriched and a wider damage database (178578 buildings) is created compared to the one of the first presented paper (73468 buildings) with Damage Probability Matrices (DPMs) after the elaboration of the results from post-earthquake surveys carried out in the area struck by the 7-9-1999 near field Athens earthquake. The dataset comprises buildings which developed damage in several degree, type and extent. Two different parameters are estimated for the description of the seismic demand. After the classification of damaged buildings into structural types they are further categorized according to the level of damage and macroseismic intensity. The relative and the cumulative frequencies of the different damage states, for each structural type and each intensity level, are computed and presented, in terms of damage ratio. Damage Probability Matrices (DPMs) are obtained for typical structural types and they are compared to existing matrices derived from regions with similar building stock and soil conditions. A procedure is presented for the classification of those buildings which initially could not be discriminated into structural types due to restricted information and hence they had been disregarded. New proportional DPMs are developed and a correlation analysis is fulfilled with the existing vulnerability relations.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.323-335
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• 2017

A simplified framework for the probabilistic estimation of economic losses induced by the structural vulnerability in single-story and single-bay precast industrial buildings is presented. The simplifications introduced in the framework are oriented to the definition of an expeditious procedure adoptable by government agencies and insurance companies for preliminary risk assessment. The economic losses are evaluated considering seismic hazard, structural response, damage resulting from the structural vulnerability and only structural-vulnerability-induced e]conomic losses, i.e., structural repair or reconstruction costs (stock and flow costs) and content losses induced by structural collapse. The uncertainties associated with each step are accounted for via Monte Carlo simulations. The estimation results in a probabilistic description of the seismic risk of portal-like industrial buildings, expressed in terms of economic losses for each occurrence (i.e., seismic event) that owners (i.e., insured) and stakeholders can use to make risk management decisions. The outcome may also be useful for the definition of the insurance premiums and the evaluation of the risks and costs for the owner corresponding to the insurance industrial costs. A prototype of a precast concrete industrial building located in Mirandola, Italy, hit by the 2012 Emilia earthquake, is used as an example of the application of the procedure.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.131-136
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• 2014

The Hong Kong Housing Authority (HKHA) develops and implements a public housing programme to meet the housing needs of people who cannot afford private rental housing. The HKHA has an existing stock of about 740,000 public rental flats (PRH). According to the 2014 Policy Address, the Government aims to provide an average of about 20,000 PRH units and about 8,000 Home Ownership Scheme (HOS) units per year. We care for the environment. In developing new housing estates, we conduct thorough environmental studies such as microclimate studies and air ventilation assessment, and use passive design to harness the natural characteristics of our sites. We employ environment-friendly design and construction methods, using modular flat design, pre-cast and pre-fabricated construction techniques as well as recycled, green construction materials. We conduct Carbon Emission Estimation for all our projects, conserve the use of natural resources and reduce wastes throughout the life cycle of buildings. We care for people. We adopt the principles of Universal Design and Barrier Free Access for the convenience and welfare of people of all ages and abilities. We carry out Community Engagement to collect stakeholders' views and aspirations, and incorporate them in the design of our projects. We also carry out surveys of residents' views after the occupation of new estates to gauge our success and identify areas for improvement.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.23-32
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• 2016

The necessity of remodeling performance grading system is getting increased for the systematic management of existing housing stock, providing the resident's right to know and promoting the remodeling projects. A quantitative and objective evaluation method that has reflected the characteristics of remodeling must be developed because there is an aspect of having difficulty of assessment by an ordinary person as remodeling performance contains specialized details while the difficulty of applying the criteria of new buildings in terms of assessment items, criteria and methods. Accordingly, this study sets the goal as setting up the development objectives of performance grading system that has considered the remodeling characteristics. This study has analyzed the various assessment systems related to the domestic apartments as well as setting up the organization system of the remodeling performance grading system, perspectives of performance assessment and scope of assessment through literature, etc. It has also established the principles for setting up the assessment items of remodeling performance grade to present the directions for setting up assessment items and criteria.