• 건축역사연구
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to review the research on Gangbang Palace and to presume the location of the palace through the study of feng shui. when the Mongols invaded, Ganghwado was the capital, moved from Gaegyeong and it was maintained for 39 years. At that time, the palace construction followed the palace of Gaegyeong, and the names such as Gujeong毬庭, Palace, and Sasa寺社 were the same as those of Gaegyeong. However, despite several archaeological excavations at Goryeo Palace Site, Historic Site No. 133, no actual remains of the Goryeo period were found. After the negative opinions on the current Goryeo Palace site became public, there have been several previous studies on the estimation of the location of the Goryeo Palace Site, and although there have been achievements, the location of the Goryeo Palace is still not confirmed. The key to presuming the location of the GangdoPalace江都宮闕 is first, whether the palace was located in the south of Songaksan, and second, at what point it was located in the south of Songaksan. As to whether the palace was located in the south of Songaksan, it was presumed that the Chiso治所 of Ganghwabu was located in Gukhwari, referring to the record in 『Shinjeungdongguknyeojiseungnam新增東國輿地勝覽』 that Goryeosan, a guardian mountain鎭山, was 'five ri west of Bu府西五里'. Accordingly, the location of the palace of 'Budongsimni 府東十里' in the old literature was estimated to be south of Songaksan Mountain. Also, the location of the palace on the south side of Songaksan was approached from a feng shui theory. Three places for the palace to be located are presumed to be 'Ganghwa Girls' High School', 'Seonggwang Church', or 'Above the Ganghwa-gun library', and the central axis of the palace is estimated to be 'Above the Ganghwa-gun library' where the corridor-type building relics were found among them, and the other two areas were presumed to be other buildings within the palace.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.80-87
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• 2021

This study is initiated after discovering that Minsu, a man about 600 years ago, mentioned a new architectural type called 'Pan-ock' in a record he left when he was punished for slavery at Jeju. Although there are no additional records or architectural remains, the following two hypotheses were made regarding the existential possibility of Pan-ock. First, Pan-ock was originated from materials obtained from ships. Second, it was related to the Pan-ock-seon. The hypotheses are based on the premise that large wooden ships such as trade ships were being actively built, as it was 160 years before Chullyuk Geumjiryeon of king Injo was banned, and the woodworking skills were considerable. Another hypothesis is also established by comparing the records of Pan-ock with other records of the same period and inferring the relationship of related events. This study can serve as a basis for explaining the diversity of our architecture to overcome that most of the architecture have been lost compared to Korea's splendid history. Therefore, a sequent study intends to compare the hypotheses proposed after this study with the architecture in the coastal and island regions of the Korean Peninsula, in order to find and verify the authentic cases of Pan-ock in Korea and East Asia.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2023

A new type of private education institute appeared starting from the 16^th century, called Seowon consist of educational spaces and Jesa(a form of memorial ritual for the family's ancestors) space. Seowon Architecture is representative Confucian Architecture. Seowon is a kind of private school and it is a higher educational institute. the time of establishment was from the middle of 16^th century to the end of 19^th century, but the famous Seowon which remains up to now had been mainly built from the end of 16^th century to the beginning of 17^th century. Seowon was built on a quiet place far from the town for Students and Scholars to concentrate on their study. and it has beautiful surrounding scenery. Seowon has a place for study in the front and a place for sacrifice at the back regardless of configuration of ground. Gangdang is a building in the place for study in which teacher and students study. It is smilar place to Myongryundang of Hyanggyo. As a plan composition, there is a wide Daechong and two rooms at the both sides. Infront of Cangdang, there are Dongjae and Seojae on the right and the left side which are student' dormitory. This study argues that the Confucianist ideas and topography are the factors that determine the hierarchy Seowon. In light of this, A Study on Spatial Configuration of Education Area in Do-dong Sewon attempted to conduct an analysis by applying such backgrounds, and therefore studied the arrangement rules and construction methods for Seowons.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.399-415
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• 2023

In this study, we investigate the use of a negative stiffness tuned inerter damper system to improve the performance of a base-isolated structure. The negative stiffness tuned inerter damper system consists of a tuned inerter damper connected in parallel with a negative stiffness element. To find the optimal parameters for the base-isolated structure with negative stiffness tuned inerter damper system, we develop an optimization method based on performance criteria. The objective of the optimization is to minimize the superstructure acceleration response ratio, while ensuring that the base displacement response ratio remains below a specified target value. We evaluate the proposed method by conducting numerical analyses on an eight-story building. The structure is modeled using both a simplified 3-degree-of-freedom system and a more detailed story-by-story shear-beam model. Lastly, a comparative analysis using time history analysis is performed to compare the performance of the base-isolated structure with negative stiffness tuned inerter damper system with that of the base-isolated structure and base-isolated structure with tuned inerter damper systems. The results obtained from the comparative analysis show that the negative stiffness tuned inerter damper system outperforms the tuned inerter damper system in reducing the dynamic seismic response of the base-isolated structure. Overall, this study demonstrates that the negative stiffness tuned inerter damper system can effectively enhance the performance of base-isolated structures, providing improved seismic response reduction compared to other systems.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2016

기존 뒤채움재의 대체방안으로 고려되는 유동성 채움재(Controlled Low Strength Material, CLSM)의 경화 특성 및 강도발현은 시공기간을 결정하는 주요 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 시간영역반사법(Time Domain Reflectometry, TDR)을 이용하여 유전상수를 도출함으로써 CSLM의 경화 특성을 모니터링하고, 산정된 유전상수와 일축압축강도간의 관계를 분석해보고자 하였다. CLSM 시료는 시멘트, 비회, 실트, 모래, 급결제 및 물로 배합되었으며 배합된 시료의 플로우, 단위중량, 일축압축강도와 같은 재료 특성을 조사하였다. 양생 기간 동안 CLSM의 유전율 특성을 모니터링하기 위하여 TDR 프로브가 설치된 몰드 및 Reflectometer를 이용하여 측정시스템을 구성하였다. 실험결과 유전상수는 양생 초기에 일정한 값을 유지하다, 시간이 진행됨에 따라 점차 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 일축압축강도와 유전상수를 회귀분석한 결과 두 물성 사이에는 반비례적인 거듭제곱함수의 관계가 있음을 보여주었다. 본 연구에서 제안한 시간영역반사법을 이용한 CLSM의 특성 모니터링은 일축압축강도를 추정할 수 있는 현장 비파괴시험기법으로 효과적으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2005

Much has been made of the changes over time to apartment complexes during the era of rapid development in Korea. This study aimed at analyzing the chronological changes since the 1970s in the laws and regulations governing outdoor space and the residents' appreciation of outdoor space in Daejeon's apartment complexes. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. Similar changes can be found throughout Daejeon's apartment complexes. As time has passed, the building-to-land ratio and the floor-to-land ratio have deceased. The high density trend of apartment complexes has continued until very recently. 2. Although residents' satisfaction with outdoor space around apartments has improved, land for athletic and commercial spaces still remains at its lowest level. Therefore, these kinds of spaces need improvement. 3. Comparing the characteristics of outdoor space in apartment complexes from the 1980s to present indicates that current apartment residents are much more satisfied with the outdoor space, but are conscious of the lack of adequate facilities for the elderly and the handicapped people, and of the hiか density of their apartment complexes. Therefore, these essential consciousness should also be further improved. 4. The residents are gradually becoming aware of changes to the outdoor space that have occurred over time in the apartment complexes, such as in the areas allowed to parking, pedestrians, and athletics. 5. These chronological changes relate to the residents' interest in the changes that have occurred to the outdoor space, especially the convenience of parking, the color of the buildings, the form of the buildings, and the shape of the roofs.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제33권
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• pp.210-255
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• 2000

This study aims to classify the framework and arrangement of interior columns (Naeju) which are used in single-story Buddhist halls into several types, and to develop a theory on the process of changes among those types. Since interior columns are building materials which hold up the roof structure and make partitions in the interior space of halls, their framework and arrangement is closely linked to the development of building technology and is expected to reflect new architectural needs. The kinds of interior columns classified by the shape of framework are goju, chaduju, oepyonju, naepyonju. The arrangement of interior columns can he classified by two methods: One which counts the number of the interior column arrangements in a hall, and the other whose classification relates with the side wall columns - Jeongchibup and yijubup. With the combination of these classifications, we can divide the framework and arrangement of interior columns into 8 types From the remains of Korean and Chinese Architecture, we can presume that before the late-Goryo period, jeongchibup had always been applied in the construction of Buddhist halls, and gamju(column reducing) had only been used in examples of small scale. After the founding of Choseon Kingdom, however, national policy had weakened the economic power of Buddhist temples. Because of that, large-scale outdoor Buddhist mass was replaced by small-scale indoor mass, and for this reason, though the scale of Buddhist halls became smaller, the need for a broad interior space became stronger. Thus in early-Choseon period, reduction of interior columns became widely spread. Those types of framework and arrangement of interior columns where yijubup was applied were developed because the rear interior columns arrangements, in order to expand the interior space, have moved backward. Among these types, yiju-goju and yiju-chaduju were developed for the Buddhist halls with paljak roof(hipped-gabled roof), where the load of their side eaves caused structural problems at the side walls. And oepyonju type was for the small-scale and middle-scale Buddhist halls which needed more interior space but didn't want the extension of roof structure. From the local and periodic distribution of each types, we can conclude that the types jeongchi-goju, jeongchi-chaduju and yiju-chaduju have been settled as typical technique of local carpenters. Oepyonju was developed later than the other types, but for its merit of low cost, it became a popular type across the nation.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2019

The Sacheonwangsa temple in Silla was completed in 679, just after the unification of the Three Kingdoms. In recent years, we have been critically considering the history of the chronology based on the existence of 'Geumdang of the previous generation', which has emerged through the research report of the Sacheonwangsa temple. It is the one to reconsider the construction process of the Sacheonwangsa temple centering on the re-interpretation of the construction time and the character of the first stage of the foundation which was confirmed from within the Geumdang site. The results of this study are as follows : 1)The "Chang(創) of Sacheonwangsa temple" in [Three Affairs that Queen Seondeok had already known] that it is presumed that the construction of the Sacheonwangsa temple, which was designed by Anham before 640 years ago, will convey the fact that the first of the King Munmu's reign (661 ~) has been finalized after the initial discussion. 2)Although the theories after excavations are predicated on the existence of 'Geumdang of the previous generation', there is no reason to believe that a lasting predecessor building with roof and pillar walls on predecessor buildings is considered to have been built. The foundation was associated with the "build a temple out of coloured silk(以彩帛營寺)" i.e. 'Jochang(祖創)' in 670 years before the construction plan was formally finalized. However, it is presumed that the remains of the platform construction on the premise that it will be used on the construction of Geumdang. 3)The decision to 'rebuilding( ??)' based on a formal construction plan is determined to be from 670 to 672 years. The maintaining of the original cathedral axis line, to the north on the boundary of the southern limit of the foundation flat portion, the result of developing and embodied the relative position of the Geumdang in the newly determined cathedral unfold and embody, the center of the building base and Geumdang, it is presumed that the centers of them are divided into North and south. 4)The completion of the Sacheonwangsa temple in 679 is understood as the conclusion of 'rebuilding' to "build a temple out of coloured silk" i.e. 'Jochang' in 670 years. The pent roof of the Geumdang was initially considered not to be in the plan, but it is judged to be before the completion of the Sacheonwangsa temple.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 모르타르 내 침투 염화물과 황산염 분석을 단면 깊이별 용출액을 대상으로 음이온교환막(AEM)과 LIBS를 활용하여 수행하였다. 염화물(황산염) 농도별로 침지한 모르타르를 대상으로 IC 분석과 LIBS 분석을 동시에 진행하였다. 실험 결과로, Cl(837.59nm) 및 S(921.3nm)의 파장에서 AEM은 동일 침투 농도에서 paper substrate보다 높은 LIBS 강도가 측정되었고, LIBS 강도와 Cl농도 사이의 높은 상관관계가 확인되었다. 동일 깊이 IC 분석 농도 결과와 비교할 때, AEM을 활용하여 높은 강도를 얻을 수 있었다. AEM을 통해 저농도 구간의 LIBS 강도 향상과 오차 저감을 확인하였으나, S(921.3nm)의 경우는 저농도 구간에 대한 LIBS 신호 감도의 향상이 향후 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.38-49
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• 2021

정림사지 정비사업은 사찰을 구성하는 건물의 원형복원을 목표로 하였으나 점차 사역의 경관을 조성하는 조경 정비로 이행되었다. 본 연구는 이러한 사실에 주목하여 다음과 같은 정림사지 문화재 조경의 특성을 정리하였다. 첫째, 문화재 조경은 문화재보호법상 지정된 문화재와 주변에 지정된 문화재 보호구역을 공간적 범위로 하여 경관을 조성, 유지, 관리하는 조경 행위로서 유구 보호 및 정비, 기능별 공간 배치와 동선계획, 문화재 보호를 위한 구조물 설치, 방문자 편의를 위한 시설물 도입, 식생경관 조성을 포함하는 작업이다. 둘째, 정림사지 문화재 경관은 일제의 문화재 지정과 발굴조사로 사찰명이 밝혀진 '고적조사사업', 광복 이후 '백제탑공원 조성', 사적으로 지정된 '백제문화권 개발사업', 고증의 어려움으로 전각의 복원 대신 공원과 박물관 건립으로 이행된 '백제문화권 특정지역 종합개발사업', 백제 창건 당시 가람 배치를 회복하고 세계유산으로 지정된 '정림사지 복원사업'으로 전개되었다. 셋째, 부여신궁(扶餘神宮) 외원(外苑)과 연계된 기념공원 조성, 일제강점기의 시가지계획 실현, 발굴 유구와 사역의 보호환경 조성, 가람 배치의 원형복원, 문화재의 진정성 회복과 활용이라는 정림사지 경관 변화의 배경을 확인하였다. 넷째, 정림사지 경관은 문화재 지정대상과 범위, 토지이용, 동선·포장, 유구정비 수법, 구조물, 시설물, 식생으로 결정되는데 이들의 정비 양상을 고찰한 결과, 문화재 영역의 시각적 차별화로 위계성 부여, 문화재 지정 범위 확장을 고려한 과정적 경관 조성, 가역성을 고려한 유구 정비로 진정성 확보, 역사문화경관에 어울리는 식생경관 조성, 오픈스페이스 제공으로 문화유산 향유가치 증진이라는 정림사지 문화재 조경의 특성을 도출하였다.