• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 8th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.75-84
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• 2020

Modular construction is a construction method whereby prefabricated volumetric units are produced in a factory and are installed on site to form a building block. The construction productivity can be substantially improved by the manufacturing and assembly of standardized modular units. 3D printing is a computer-controlled fabrication method first adopted in the manufacturing industry and was utilized for the automated construction of small-scale houses in recent years. Implementing 3D printing in the fabrication of modular units brings huge benefits to modular construction, including increased customization, lower material waste, and reduced labor work. Such implementation also benefits the large-scale and wider adoption of 3D printing in engineering practice. However, a critical issue for 3D printed modules is the loading capacity, particularly in response to horizontal forces like wind load, which requires a deeper understanding of the building structure behavior and the design of load-bearing modules. Therefore, this paper presents the state-of-the-art literature concerning recent achievement in 3D printing for buildings, followed by discussion on the opportunities and challenges for examining 3D printing in modular construction. Promising 3D printing techniques are critically reviewed and discussed with regard to their advantages and limitations in construction. The appropriate structural form needs to be determined at the design stage, taking into consideration the overall building structural behavior, site environmental conditions (e.g., wind), and load-carrying capacity of the 3D printed modules. Detailed finite element modelling of the entire modular buildings needs to be conducted to verify the structural performance, considering the code-stipulated lateral drift, strength criteria, and other design requirements. Moreover, integration of building information modelling (BIM) method is beneficial for generating the material and geometric details of the 3D printed modules, which can then be utilized for the fabrication.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.277-288
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• 2021

IFC 정보의 시멘틱 무결성 확보를 위해 BIM 부재와 IFC 엔티티 간 매핑 검증이 필요하다. 이와 관련된 기존 연구들은 기하정보 기반으로 학습시킨 기계학습 알고리즘을 활용하여 BIM 부재 인식 및 분류를 통해 매핑 검증을 실시하였으나, 유사한 기하특성을 가진 부재를 구분하지 못한다는 한계점이 존재하였다. 이에 본 연구는 BIM 모델의 주요 부재를 인공신경망 기반으로 자동 분류하되, 부재 간 관계정보를 삽입하여 분류성능을 향상시키는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 기존 특성 외에 구조화된 신호를 함께 학습하는 NSL 프레임워크를 활용하여 8개의 BIM 부재를 분류하는 모델을 구축하였으며, 그 결과 기하정보 기반 인공신경망 모델과 대비하여 부재 간 관계정보를 삽입한 NSL 모델의 분류정확도가 현저히 상승한 것을 확인하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.853-867
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• 2012

In this paper, a new type of passive energy dissipating system similar to added damping and stiffness (ADAS) and triangular added damping and stiffness (TADAS) is proposed and implemented in the analytical model of a building with hybrid structural system in the structure's base which we call it; Telescopic column. The behavior and performance of a high rise R.C. structure equipped with this system is investigated and compared with conventional base isolation systems such as rubber isolator bearings and friction pendulum bearings. For this purpose a series of ground acceleration records of the San Fernando, Long Beach and Imperial Valley earthquakes are used as the disturbing ground motions in a series of numerical simulations. The nonlinear numerical modeling which includes both material and geometric nonlinearities were carried out by using SAP2000 program. Results show suitable behavior of structures equipped with telescopic columns in controlling the upper stories drifts and accelerations.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2002

The concept of Level Of Detail (LOD) was introduced and has been used to enhance display performance and to carry out certain engineering analysis effectively. We would like to use an adequate complexity level for each geometric model depending on specific engineering needs and purposes. Solid modeling systems are widely used in industry, and are applied to advanced applications such as virtual assembly. In addition, as the demand to share these engineering tasks through networks is emerging, the problem of building a solid model of an appropriate resolution to a given application becomes a matter of great necessity. However, current researches are mostly focused on triangular mesh models and various operators to reduce the number of triangles. So we are working on the multi-resolution of the solid model itself, rather than that of the triangular mesh model. In this paper, we propose multi-resolution representation of B-rep model by reordering and converting design features into an enclosing volume and subtractive features.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 7th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Summit Forum on Sustainable Construction and Management
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• pp.252-259
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• 2017

Nowadays, the existing manual method for recording actual progress of the construction site has some drawbacks, such as great reliance on the experience of professional engineers, work-intensive, time consuming and error prone. A method integrating computer vision and BIM(Building Information Modeling) is presented for indoor automatic progress monitoring. The developed method can accurately calculate the engineering quantity of target component in the time-lapse images. Firstly, sample images of on-site target are collected for training the classifier. After the construction images are identified by edge detection and classifier, a voting algorithm based on mathematical geometry and vector operation will divide the target contour. Then, according to the camera calibration principle, the image pixel coordinates are conversed into the real world Coordinate and the real coordinates would be corrected with the help of the geometric information in BIM model. Finally, the actual engineering quantity is calculated.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.494-500
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• 2020

디자인 대안들을 검토하는 설계 초기단계에서 복잡한 건축물 형상을 시각적으로 구현하기 위해서는 여러 모델링 기법이 요구된다. 형태를 정의해주는 기하학적 속성들을 포함한 형상정보를 서로 다른 디지털 플랫폼 사이에서 프로세스의 연속성을 유지한 채 변환하는 과정에는 상당한 기술적 제약이 존재하고 있다. 이에, 본 연구는 디자인 도구로서 3D 모델링 소프트웨어(McNeel Rhino 3D)와 BIM 시스템(Autodesk Revit Architecture)사이에서 데이터 변환을 위한 호환체계를 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 중간 형식의 파일을 불러들이는 기존의 방식이 아니라, 곡면형상에 내재된 수학적 함수관계를 정의한 NUBS 속성을 지원해주는 파일 포맷(3DM)을 링크시키는 인터페이싱 방법론에 기반한다. 즉, 시각적 프로그래밍 도구인 다이나모(Autodesk Dynamo for Revit)를 이용하여 형상정보를 매스 패밀리와 연동시켜주는 알고리즘을 구현함으로써, 여러 계획안들의 형상으로부터 면적정보의 자동적인 산출이 가능하게 되어 초기 설계단계에서의 규모 검토에 적용 가능하다. 알고리즘 기반의 데이터 호환을 구현한 본 연구 성과는 정형과 비정형 형상의 오피스 건축물을 대상으로 실무에서 요구되는 작업환경 설정을 템플릿 형식의 가이드라인으로 제공하는 동시에, 설계 지원 도구로서 그 활용성이 기대된다.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2006년도 학술대회 1부
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• pp.355-361
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• 2006

In large scale environments like airport, museum, large warehouse and department store, autonomous mobile robots will play an important role in security and surveillance tasks. Robotic security guards will give the surveyed information of large scale environments and communicate with human operator with that kind of data such as if there is an object or not and a window is open. Both for visualization of information and as human machine interface for remote control, a 3D model can give much more useful information than the typical 2D maps used in many robotic applications today. It is easier to understandable and makes user feel like being in a location of robot so that user could interact with robot more naturally in a remote circumstance and see structures such as windows and doors that cannot be seen in a 2D model. In this paper we present our simple and easy to use method to obtain a 3D textured model. For expression of reality, we need to integrate the 3D models and real scenes. Most of other cases of 3D modeling method consist of two data acquisition devices. One for getting a 3D model and another for obtaining realistic textures. In this case, the former device would be 2D laser range-finder and the latter device would be common camera. Our algorithm consists of building a measurement-based 2D metric map which is acquired by laser range-finder, texture acquisition/stitching and texture-mapping to corresponding 3D model. The algorithm is implemented with laser sensor for obtaining 2D/3D metric map and two cameras for gathering texture. Our geometric 3D model consists of planes that model the floor and walls. The geometry of the planes is extracted from the 2D metric map data. Textures for the floor and walls are generated from the images captured by two 1394 cameras which have wide Field of View angle. Image stitching and image cutting process is used to generate textured images for corresponding with a 3D model. The algorithm is applied to 2 cases which are corridor and space that has the four wall like room of building. The generated 3D map model of indoor environment is shown with VRML format and can be viewed in a web browser with a VRML plug-in. The proposed algorithm can be applied to 3D model-based remote surveillance system through WWW.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제12A권6호
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• pp.515-522
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 부분적으로 파손된 치아의 수복에 사용되는 인레이/온레이 인공치아를 효과적으로 모델링하는 기법을 제안한다. 인레이/온레이는 지대치에 부착되는 내면과 밖으로 들어나는 외면으로 구성된다. 내면은 지대치와의 밀착력을 확보하기 위하여 지대치의 삭제된 표면의 확장된 부분으로 Minkowski sum을 이용하여 모델링된다. 외면을 모델링하기 위해서는 표준치아 모델, 환자 치아 석고모형을 스캔한 메쉬 자료, 환자 치아교합을 측정한 FGP(functionally guided plane) 등 세 가지 정보와 DMFFD(direct manipulation free-form deformation)[19]과 MWD(multiple wires deformation)[17]의 3D 메쉬 변형 기술들을 이용한다. 표준치아 모델은 외면의 기본적인 형태를 결정하기 위하여 사용되는 반면 석고모형 데이터와 FGP는 환자 치아 인접면과 교합면마다 약간 다르지만 정확한 기능에 매우 중요한 고유 특성을 반영하기 위해 사용되는 정보이다. 이러한 정보들을 입력으로 DMFFD 기법과 MWD 기법을 각각 적용하여 인레이/온레이 인접면과 교합면을 메쉬 자료로 자동으로 생성해낸다. 연구된 기법은 치과의사에 의한 요구사항을 반영하여 생성된 메쉬 모델을 가시화하면서 보다 정확하게 인레이/온레이를 디자인할 수 있도록 구현되었다.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2016

As 3D geospatial information is demanded, terrestrial laser scanners which can obtain 3D model of objects have been applied in various fields such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), structural analysis, and disaster management. To acquire precise data, performance evaluation of a terrestrial laser scanner must be conducted. While existing 3D surveying equipment like a total station has a standard method for performance evaluation, a terrestrial laser scanner evaluation technique for users is not established. This paper categorizes and analyzes error sources which generally occur in terrestrial laser scanning. In addition to the prior researches about categorizing error sources of terrestrial Laser scanning, this paper evaluates the error sources by the actual field tests for the smooth in-situ applications.The error factors in terrestrial laser scanning are categorized into interior error caused by mechanical errors in a terrestrial laser scanner and exterior errors affected by scanning geometry and target property. Each error sources were evaluated by simulation and actual experiments. The 3D coordinates of observed target can be distortedby the biases in distance and rotation measurement in scanning system. In particular, the exterior factors caused significant geometric errors in observed point cloud. The noise points can be generated by steep incidence angle, mixed-pixel and crosstalk. In using terrestrial laser scanner, elaborate scanning plan and proper post processing are required to obtain valid and accurate 3D spatial information.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회 논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.50-54
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• 2009

최근 3차원 실내 외 공간정보데이터 모델에 대한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 이러한 데이터 모델을 기반으로 구축된 3차원 공간데이터는 양이 방대하고 비교적 복잡한 구조를 갖는다. 따라서 이를 효과적으로 저장 및 관리, 응용하기 위해서는 DBMS를 활용하는 것이 유리하다. 이러한 필요에 의해 Gep-DBMS에서 데이터를 저장하고 응용하는 연구가 많이 이루어지고 있는데 Oosterom, Arens 등이 3차원 건물, 지표의 Geometry와 Topology를 DBMS에 저장하는 방법을 연구하였다. 본 논문은 GML3 기반의 3차원 도시 모델의 저장 및 교환을 위한 포맷인 CityGML 1.0을 따르는 구조로 데이터를 데이터베이스에 저장하였으며, 상용 DBMS인 Oracle Spatial 11g를 사용하였다.