• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.10
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• pp.1278-1285
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• 2018

For saving electricity bill, energy storage system(ESS) is being installed in factories, public building and commercial building with a Time-of-Use(TOU) tariff which consists of demand charge(KRW/kW) and energy charge(KRW/kWh). However, both of peak reduction and ESS special tariff are not considered in an analysis of initial cost payback period(ICPP) on ESS. Since it is difficult to reflect base rate by an amount of uncertain peak demand reduction during mid-peak and on-peak periods in the future days. Therefore, the ICPP on ESS can be increased. Based on this background, this paper presents the advanced analysis method for the ICPP on ESS. In the proposed algorithm, the representative days of monthly electricity consumption pattern for the amount of peak reduction can be found by the k­means clustering algorithm. Moreover, the total expected energy costs of representative days are minimized by optimal daily ESS operation considering both peak reduction and the special tariff through a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP). And then, the amount of peak reduction becomes a value that the sum of the expected energy costs for 12 months is maximum. The annual benefit cost is decided by the amount of annual peak reduction. Two simulation cases are considered in this study, which one only considers the special tariff and another considers both of the special tariff and amount of peak reduction. The ICPP in the proposed method is shortened by 18 months compared to the conventional method.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.101-110
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• 2009

In case of general residential house, photovoltaic can be installed at roof, wall, and any other places. But, in case of apartment building, there has not enough roof space to install photovoltaic panels to supply enough electricity. Actually, apartment building roof and facade wall (exclude the balcony window space) is not enough space to produce and supply the electricity to residents by installing PV panel. Generally, the space of facade balcony with windows in facade wall at apartment building occupied about $70{\sim}80%$, in all facade space. So, if we could use the balcony and windows space in facade as PV to generating electricity, there could contribute the energy saying. But, PV cell is opacify. So if it installed at front window area in apartment building, residents may have displeasure for that opacity character. But the other hand, residents are not always in house especially in day time that is exactly good time for generating electricity by PV. If we can use PV at the facade balcony with window without collusion of resident's displeasure, there have good attraction to using sustainable energy. Hence, this study suggests the design of facade balcony window style PV by considering resident's living pattern in apartment building. The methods of this study are as follows. At first, this study surveyed to the residents about residential time in their home and asked user demand by Delphi survey. At second, this study designed balcony open style PV system which oriented to the user demand. At third, this study tests designed result performance by computer simulation that compared design result with old design. As a result, For the purpose of satisfying the resident demand, there designed sliding window style which slide the several door systems to the one side. That would be make balcony absolute open scenery to the residents. Hence, the designed system performance results were as follows. When we compare the small apartment and large apartment, smaller one has good performance than larger one. Because resident's residential time characteristic. And that has more good electronic performance than vertical style that is similar to roof style.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.87-92
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• 2008

Buildings are responsible for approximately 50% of current carbon dioxide emissions. Energy planning at a town and city scale needs a strategic approach, supported by strong planning policies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the urban scale grid-connected photovoltaic(PV) system for urban residential and commercial sector applications. The integration of PV technology into roof of houses is an approach that is being championed in Germany, Japan and United states etc. In the Korea, PV roofing systems already are given the large number of houses which are projected to be built by 2012. However unlike germany and Japan, urban scale grid-connected PV system is not yet installed. The solar city which is installed building-integrated photovoltaic system is available to use of renewable energy sources such as solar to meet demand, instead of fossil fuels, with the goal of realizing an ecologically oriented energy supply.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.2283-2286
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• 2003

This paper presents conservation of electrical energy in building with harmonics analysis and compensation which occur in electrical system. We use load controlling and management system in order to adjust load factor of system.The maximum demand limiting and controlling are used ,then the system can acquire the prediction and compare it to the maximum demand set point.The electrical signal analysis based on FFT technique. The harmonics are compensated by using harmonic filters.This system consists computer which works as controller, processor , analysis and database unit together with digital power meter in form of multidrop network through serial communication via RS-485.The load control system uses PLC to control load via serial communication RS-485. The A/D converter is used for sampling the electrical signals via parallel port of computer.The harmonic filters are controlled by a computer.The data of measurement such as voltage, current, power, power factor, total harmonic distortion, energy, etc., can be saved as database and analysis. The load factor is adjusted by limiting and controlling maximum demand. The load factor adjustment can reduce the cost of electric consumption and energy generation together with harmonics compensation in order to increase high efficiency of electrical system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.422-430
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• 2018

Increase in oil prices and building energy consumption has been a great burden for Korea which has significant energy dependence on foreign energy sources. In this context, reduction of building energy consumption, which comprises 40% of total energy consumption, is a very important issue. This research therefore empirically analyzed a hospital "P" that implemented ICT-based energy consumption and cost reduction initiative. The hospital first replaced existing water absorber for heating/cooling air and boiler for heating water with water heat storage heat pump system. This was accompanied by subscribing to different electricity price plans to maximize cost reduction. Secondly, the hospital additionally applied ICT-based optimized control algorithm that considers surrounding factors (external temperature, changes in energy demand). The analysis of these mechanisms indicate that the ICT-based energy consumption and cost reduction initiative for hospitals can reduce energy consumption by 53.6% with replacement of low-efficiency equipment and additionally by 18.2% with optimized control algorithm. The mechanisms will provide energy consumption reduction opportunities for other hospitals and buildings with high energy consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.876-883
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• 2015

Han-green project, which pursues Korean style post and beam timber house with traditional construction technique of Han-ok, has been carried out in KFRI (Korea Forest Research Institute) since 2006. Recently, the improvement of its building energy performance was studied with energy-saving elements. This study was conducted to provide the insulation details of building envelopes in a post-beam timber house for recent enhanced insulation standards and following effect on building energy performance. The level of thermal transmittance (U-value) values of building envelopes was composed of two stages: present Korean insulation standards and passive house. To evaluate building energy performance, the building airtightness values of two stages was ACH50 = $3.0h^{-1}$ for common domestic timber house constructed recently, and ACH50 = $0.6h^{-1}$ for passive house. Consequently, four cases of the building energy performance according to the combination of U-value with airtightness were evaluated. The test house for evaluation was located in Seoul and its energy performance was evaluated with CE3 commercial building energy simulation program. The result showed that enhanced insulation from level I to II reduced $14kWh/(m^2{\cdot}a)$ of annual heating energy demand regardless of airtightness.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.73-93
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• 2022

Focus on climate change and extreme weather conditions has received considerable attention in recent years. Civil engineers are now focusing on designing buildings that are more eco-friendly in the face of climate change. This paper describes the research conducted to assess the impact of future climate change on energy usage and carbon emissions in a typical supermarket at multiple locations across the UK. Locations that were included in the study were London, Manchester, and Southampton. These three cities were compared against their building performance based on their respective climatic conditions. Based on the UK Climatic Projections (UKCP09), a series of energy modelling simulations which were provided by the Chartered Institute of Building Service Engineers (CIBSE) were conducted on future weather years for this investigation. This investigation ascertains and quantifies the annual energy consumption, carbon emissions, cooling, and heating demand of the selected supermarkets at the three locations under various climatic projections and emission scenarios, which further validates annual temperature rise as a result of climatic variation. The data showed a trend of increasing variations across the UK as one moves southwards, with London and Southampton at the higher side of the spectrum followed by Manchester which has the least variability amongst these three cities. This is the first study which investigates impact of the climate change on the UK supermarkets across different regions by using the real case scenarios.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2017

Purpose: Many design index that are using in planning phase have been developed. The most popular things among them are Window to Wall Ratio and Surface to Volume Ratio. However there are some limits. Window to Wall Ratio cannot consider building size and Surface to Volume Ratio cannot do Window to Wall Ratio. Accordingly, in this paper, the Window to Floor Ratio was proposed that it can be considered both building size and Window to Wall Ratio. And analyzed correlation of energy demand. Method: For the test, 16 modules with the size of $6m{\times}6m{\times}4m$ were used to make 35 models with the same volume. The simulation was conducted to 945 cases using the window-to-wall ratio of 30, 50 and 70 % in three areas such as Seoul, Gwangju and Jeju and three kinds of windows. And IES_VE was used. Result: The findings above show that the Window to Floor Ratio that can be considered both building size and Window area have to become as design index. It was found out that design criteria with SHGC is necessary, not with the thermal performance (U-value). It is needed to additional analysis about residential building and the effect of 24-hours heating and cooling condition. It plans to carry out research to establish design indicators for climatic conditions in the country and building applications.

• Architectural research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2001

The proposed building upgrading technique employs prestressing cables to function as bracing to improve the seismic performance during future events. A four-story reinforced concrete moment resisting frame damaged from an ultimate limit state earthquake is assessed and upgraded using the proposed technique. Both existing and upgraded buildings are evaluated in regard of seismic performance parameters performing static lateral load to collapse analysis and dynamic nonlinear time history analysis as well. To obtain realistic comparison of seismic performance between existing and upgraded frames, each frame is subjected to its critical ground motion that has strength demand exceeding the building strength supply. Furthermore, reliability of static lateral load to collapse analysis as a substitute to time history analysis is evaluated. The results reveal that the proposed upgrading technique improves the stiffness distribution compared to the ideal distribution that gives equal inter-story drift. As a result, the upgraded building retains more stories that contribute to energy dissipation. The overall behavior of upgraded building beyond yield is also enhanced due to the gradual change of building stiffness as the lateral load increases.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.612-620
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• 2017

Power consumption in Southeast Asia is steadily increasing due to industrialization and the effects of hot and humid climates. However, there are not enough energy generation facilities and infrastructures to meet the growing demand because it is difficult to secure the construction and operation costs of the transmission and distribution systems. This study aims to develop a gas engine driven heat pump system that supplies heating, cooling and electric power to buildings. This system, besides its normal function to produce heat, has the capacity to generate electricity on a household level. This paper investigates similar cases overseas before developing the system. Through the investigation of commercialized similar systems, the level of technology and market trend of development system were identified. Features and specifications of commercial and industrial systems will be used for system development.