• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.801-806
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• 2013

Spiny lebbeid shrimp Lebbeus groenlandicus larvae were reared in the laboratory to estimate the energy budget from the zoeal to the post-larval stage. Energy expended by larvae on growth and respiration was determined from values for feeding, growth, molting, and metabolism. We calculated that 16.22 J were used for growth throughout all larval stages. Energy loss during molting was estimated as 1.03 J, and energy used for respiration was estimated as 1.31 J. Energy taken in by feeding was estimated as 77.16 J, while the sum of energies expended in excretion and egestion was 58.61 J. Larvae were estimated to assimilate 24.6% of ingested food as energy and to use ~85% of the assimilated energy for somatic growth. Gross growth efficiency ($K_1$) and net growth efficiency ($K_2$) were shown to be ~22% and 93%, respectively. Maintenance costs of respiration were estimated as ~9.7% of assimilated energy.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2012

Daily net radiation is essential for heat budget analysis for environmental impact assessment in the coastal zone and longwave radiation is an important element of net radiation because there is a significant exchange of radiant energy between the earth's surface and the atmosphere in the form of radiation at longer wavelengths. However, radiation data is not commonly available, and there has been no direct measurement for most areas where coastal environmental impact assessment is usually most needed. Often an empirical equation, e.g., Penman and FAO-24 formulae is used to estimate longwave radiation using temperature, humidity, and sunshine hour data but local calibration may be needed. In this study, local recalibration was performed to have best fit from a widely used longwave equation using the measured longwave radiation data in Korea Global Atmospheric Watch Center (KGAWC). The results shows recalibration can provided better performance AE=0.23($W/m^2$) and RMSE=14.73($W/m^2$). This study will contribute to improve the accuracy of the heat budget analysis in the coastal area.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 1th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.437-446
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• 2005

Recently as people's values are changing from development phase into running stage after quality of life, so that the needs of environmentally friendly construction are gradually increasing. Also populace discontent about the pollution during construction process such as the noise and vibration caused by construction machinery is increasing. Even though it is impossible to eliminate the construction pollution fully, it is necessary to make efforts to reduce construction pollution to a minimum. In terms of construction site operating, the first possible step for solving these matters directly is that the necessary sum of expenses must be secured as the environmental management costs in the conceptual phase. However, in fact, the environmental management costs have not been secured in the budget. Generally it is the major reason not arising proper activities to prevent the pollution in the construction site. The purpose of this research is to suggest the efficient budgeting method regarding Environmental management costs to ensure the necessary sum of environmental management expenses. To provide an efficient budgeting method, interviews with the person in charge of environment management was conducted. 78 construction sites was surveyed and environmental management costs were analyzed through their historical data from the survey. According to the results of analysis, the ratio of environmental management costs is revealed 0.45% of construction cost as average comparing 0.2% of legal limit. And usually the environmental management cost was appropriated into the safety management budget. So it is needed to isolate environmental management budget securely and modify the ratio of Environmental conservation Costs in Construction Technology Management Act.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.3-23
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 비시장재화인 철새도래지 을숙도의 가치를 추정하는 것이다. 을숙도는 전 세계적인 생태관광 명소가 되었다. 그리고 을숙도의 환경 복원 작업은 막대한 비용이 소요되고 있다. 일반적으로 정책 판단에 의한 비용 투입은 편익이 사회적 비용을 초과할 때 정당할 수 있다. 을숙도는 문화관광과 같은 외부효과가 있으나, 이를 시장가치로 추정하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 단일양분형 가상가치평가법(Contingent Valuation Methods)을 이용하여 을숙도의 가치를 추정하고자 한다. 분석결과에 의하면, log-narmal 모형의 평균 지불의사액(Willingness to Pay : WTP)과 절단된 평균 WTP는 각각 5,240원, 3,374원이며, log-logistic 모형의 평균지불의사액과 절단된 평균 WTP는 각각 5,888원, 3,232원으로 추정되었다. log-narmal 모형의 절단된 평균 WTP에 기초한 연간 총편익 가치는 3,870백만원이며, Log-logistic 모형의 경우는 4,040백만원이다. 본 연구의 결과는 공공재 가치의 중요성을 인식하는 정책 입안자 및 개발자에게 유용한 가이드를 제공할 것이다.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.61-61
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• 1991

We propose a strategic R&D resource allocation and project selection model based on national R&D policy and objectives. First, contributions to R&D policy and objectives for each R&D area are evaluated by using analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Second, fuzzy Delphi are proposed to estimate R&D budget for each R&D area. Then, a project selection grid is also introduced to implement two-phased evaluation for R&D project selection. We also discuss how to improve the consistency in AHP and how to reduce the pairwise comparison in AHP. The proposed model enables the decision makers to allocate R&D budget, and to evaluate and select the R&D proposals based on both the contribution to national R&D policy and objectives, and the size of each R&D area concurrently

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.46-50
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• 2016

The adaptive power control of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems for communications between User Equipments (UEs) with a link-budget based Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR) estimate which has distance information is applied to three inner loop power control algorithms. The speed estimation performances of these algorithms with their consecutive Transmit-Power-Control (TPC) ratios are compared to each other, and it is concluded that the speed can be estimated using the TPC ratio information of Consecutive TPC Ratio Step-size Closed Loop Power Control (CS-CLPC) and Fixed Step-size Power Control (FSPC).

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2012

PURPOSES : This paper presents how to determine priorities of RWIS installation on national highways within the limited budget. METHODS : Analytical hierarchy process was employed to develop the entire methodology. In addition to this, various data such as vulnerable roadway section for snow removal, RWIS, AWS, AADT, and traffic accident were properly collected and analyzed for the future analysis. Then, GIS analysis was performed to find out the final candidate vulnerable roadway section for snow removal. In the end, expert survey was conducted to estimate weights for evaluation criteria. RESULTS : Results showed that metropolitan area has the most high priority, and Gangwon area, ChungCheung, and Honam in order. CONCLUSIONS : The main contribution of this paper is to suggest a logical methodology to prioritize RWIS installation within the limited budget, and thus snow removal operation during the winter season can improve in terms of getting more valuable information.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집 I
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• pp.58-64
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• 2001

An investigation of the TMR(Track Misregistration) requirements to achieve the capacity of 80GBytes／Platter in 7200rpm disk drive system is reported. This paper also gives an overview of the PES(Position Error Signal) characteristics in the 57,500TPI disk drive to estimate the required 95,000TPI-system PES. The TMR measured by PES are presented and decomposed in order to identify the portions and their contributions of the spindle-disk system vibration and HSA(Head-Stack-Assembly) system vibration respectively. A comprehensive review on the servo system is also presented to provide the practical limits of the modem servo architecture into TMR budget design. The decomposed PES energy distribution shows that the spindle-disk pack vibration is one of the top-ranking sources of the total TMR budget and its percentage contribution is about 50％ considering all the other TMR sources.

• 경영과학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.61-77
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• 1999

We propose a strategic R&D resource allocation and project selection model based on national R&D policy and objectives. First, contributions to R&D policy and objectives for each R&D area are evaluated by using analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Second, fuzzy Delphi are proposed to estimate R&D budget for each R&D area. Then, a project selection grid is also introduced to implement two-phased evaluation for R&D project selection. We also discuss how to improve the consistency in AHP and how to reduce the pairwise comparison in AHP. The proposed model enables the decision makers to allocate R&D budget, and to evaluate and select the R&D proposals based on both the contribution to national R&D policy and objectives, and the size of each R&D area concurrently.

• 산학경영연구
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• 제2권
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• pp.171-204
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• 1989

The adaptive accounting control system can be regarded as an realistic control system which can adapt itself to uncertain enviromental changes. It has characters that can measure the extend to which we attain our goals and give intelligence, which is essential to planning for the future and for decision making. The budget should present the aim of the compilation of the budget and synthesize the limit through the systematic plan about the utilization of resources, because is a financial plan that is used as estimate of future management operations and as a control of it. If we would like to make good use of this business budget as a tool for planning, we should try to opimize all over the business by relating business operation as far as the effective use of the economic resources in business and the supplying of it are concerned and financial budgets to the responsibility unit center. As this paper is about the budgetary management pattern of marketing based on the adaptive accounting control system, I shall begin with a description of the feature and role of responsible accounting system in management accounting. I shall also deal with the Ex ante accounting system and the Ex post optimum accounting system which are essential to the control stage of business budgeting. And finally, accounting to the control process of adaptive accounting system that fit in with the reality, I shall design a budgetary management pattern of marking section. I wish this paper would be helpful to the activity of budgetary management. A budget is an important step of diverging point. Consequently, when we set up a budgetary pattern based on the adaptive accounting system as far as the control accounting is concerned. I believe that the step of responsible accounting will be a more elaborate and scientific step of management.