• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1563-1575
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• 1997

To understand EHD nucleate boiling heat transfer enhancement, EHD effects on R-113 nucleate boiling heat transfer in a non-uniform electric field were investigated. The pool boiling heat transfer and the dynamic behavior of bubbles in d.c./a.c. electric fields under a saturated or subcooled boiling were studied by using a plate-wire electrode and a high speed camera. From the pool boiling heat transfer study, the shift of the pool boiling curve, the increase of the heat transfer and the delay of ONB and CHF points to higher heat fluxes were observed. From the dynamic behavior of bubbles, it was observed that bubbles departed away from the whole surface of the heated wire in radial direction due to EHD effects by a nonuniform electric field. With increasing applied voltages, the bubble size decreased and the active nucleation site and the departure number of bubbles showed the different trend. The present study indicates that the EHD nucleate boiling heat transfer is closely connection with the dynamic behavior of bubbles and the secondary flow induced near the heated surface. Therefore, the basic studies on the bubble behavior such as bubble frequency, bubble diameter, bubble velocity and flow characteristics are necessary for complete understanding of the enhancement mechanism of the boiling heat transfer using an electric field.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.557-566
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 $600{\times}600{\mu}m$ 사각 마이크로 채널에서의 기-액체 테일러(슬러그) 흐름의 특성을 실험을 통해 살펴보았다. 실험 유체로는 질소와 물을 사용하였으며, 액체 및 기체 겉보기 속도는 각각 0.01 ~ 3 m/s, 0.1 ~ 3 m/s 의 범위에서 테일러 흐름이 나타나는 구간에서만 데이터를 얻었다. 기포 길이, 액체 슬러그 길이, 기포 속도 그리고 기포 생성 주파수를 고속 카메라를 사용하여 이미지 분석을 통해 측정하였다. 제시된 측정값(기포 길이, 액체 슬러그 길이, 기포 속도)과 이전 문헌에서 제안된 경험적 모델의 비교결과 대부분 오차가 50% 이상으로 나타났다. 따라서 기포와 액체 슬러그 길이 그리고 기포 속도에 대한 개선된 모델을 제시하였고, ${\pm}20%$ 이내의 비교적 우수한 결과를 볼 수 있었다. 또한 기포 생성 주파수는 기포 길이, 액체슬러그 길이 그리고 기포 속도의 관계를 이용하여 ${\pm}20%$ 이내에서 예측가능함을 알 수 있었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.1088-1099
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• 2021

Time-frequency analysis technique is an effective analysis tool for non-stationary processes. In the field of reactor neutron noise, the time-frequency analysis method has not been thoroughly researched and widely used. This work has studied the time-frequency analysis of the reactor neutron noise experimental signals under bubble disturbance and control rod vibration. First, an experimental platform was established, and it could be employed to reactor neutron noise experiment and data acquisition. Secondly, two types of reactor neutron noise experiments were performed, and valid experimental data was obtained. Finally, time-frequency analysis was conducted on the experimental data, and effective analysis results were obtained in the low-frequency part. Through this work, it can be concluded that the time-frequency analysis technique can effectively investigate the core dynamics behavior and deepen the identification of the unstable core process.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1196-1200
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• 2004

Micropump is very useful component in micro/nano fluidics and bioMEMS applications. In this study, a bubble-powered micropump was fabricated and tested. The micropump consists of two-parallel micro line heaters, a pair of nozzle-diffuser flow controller and a 1 mm in diameter, 400 ${\mu}m$ in depth pumping chamber. The two-parallel micro line heaters with 20 ${\mu}m-width$ and 200 ${\mu}m-length$ were fabricated to be embedded in the silicon dioxide layer of a wafer which serves as a base plate for the micropump. The pumping chamber, the pair of nozzle-diffuser unit and microchannels including the liquid inlet and outlet port were fabricated by etching through another silicon wafer. A glass wafer (thickness of $525{\pm}15$ ${\mu}m$) having two holes of inlet and outlet ports of liquid serve as upper plate of the pump. Finally the silicon wafer of the base plate, the silicon wafer of pumping chamber and the glass wafer were aligned and bonded (Si-Si bonding and anodic bonding). A sequential photograph of bubble nucleation, growth and collapse was visualized by CCD camera. Clearly liquid flow through the nozzle during the period of bubble growth and slight back flow of liquid at the end of collapsing period can be seen. The mass flow rate was found to be dependent on the duty ratio and the operation frequency. As duty ratio increases, flow rate decreases gradually when the duty ratio exceeds 60%. Also as the operation frequency increases, the flow rate of the micropump decreases slightly.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.505-510
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• 2012

기포탑 반응기에서의 기체 체류량은 기포의 크기 분포 및 상승 속도와 밀접한 연관성을 갖는다. 따라서 많은 연구자들에 의하여 기포탑 반응기 내에 기포의 크기를 제어하기 위한 연구들이 진행되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 스파져 이외의 영역에서도 기포의 거동을 제어하고 기체 체류량을 증진시키기 위하여 다단형 기포탑 반응기를 사용하였다. 특히, 3 종류의 서로 다른 크기의 반응기를 사용하여 다단 다공판이 기포의 유동 특성에 미치는 효과를 확인하였다. 나아가 개별 기포가 다공판을 통과하였을 때의 쪼개짐 빈도수 및 크기 분포 변화에 대하여 관찰함으로써 다공판의 영향에 대한 이해를 넓혔다. 또한 다양한 다공판 배치 형태에 따른 유동 특성을 관찰함으로써 다단형 기포탑 반응기에서의 다공판 설치에 대한 기준을 제시할 수 있었으며, 이를 바탕으로 높이 22 m, 직경 0.36 m의 벤치 스케일 다단형 기포탑 반응기를 제작하여 그 성능을 확인하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.585-590
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• 2000

Problems involved in the numerical analysis on the forced oscillation of nonlinear oscillators such a microbubble oscillation under ultrasound and Duffing oscillator were discussed. One of the problems is proper choice of the time scale of the driving force. which is related to the numerical artifacts due to the mismatch between the natural frequency of an oscillator(or bubble) and the characteristic frequency of the applied force. Such problem may occur in a nonlinear oscillator whose behavior is crucially dependent on the frequency of the applied force. The artificial resonance problem during the numerical evaluation of such nonlinear systems was also discussed.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2007

치면열구전색제의 도포 시 발생하는 기포는 전색제의 두께 감소에 의한 강도의 저하로 파절 및 마모를 일으킬 수 있으며 특히 계면부에 발생한 경우 미세 누출 등의 임상적인 문제점을 가져온다. 본 조사에서는 치면열구전색제 중 Teethmate $F-1^{(R)}$(Kuraray, Japan), Ultraseal $XTplus^{(R)}$(Ultradent, USA), $Clinpro^{(R)}$(3M-ESPE, USA), $Helioseal^{(R)}$(Ivoclar-Vivadent, Liechtenstein)의 기포 발생 양태를 알아보고자 하였다. 자연치 교합면의 열구를 모방한 표준화된 시편을 제작하고 치면열구전색제를 각 군별 20개의 시편에 전색하고 광중합시킨 후 열구 중앙을 절단하여 stereoscope(Olympus SZ61, Japan)으로 확대하여 관찰하였고 컴퓨터 영상분석 프로그램(Image Pro plus Express, Mediacybermetics Co., U.S.A)을 통하여 기포의 발생 양태를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 기포의 발생 빈도는 Ultraseal $XT^{(R)}$ plus에서 사용 시간과 관계없이 $Helioseal^{(R)}$에 Clinprotip과 metal canula tip을 적용한 경우보다 더 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 2. 기포의 단면적 당 개수는 Ultraseal $XT^{(R)}$ plus old가 $Clinpro^{(R)}$, $TeethmateF-1^{(R)}$, $Helioseale^{(R)}$에 brush tip을 적용한 경우보다 많이 발생하였다(p<0.05). 3. 기포의 평균 단면적은 Teethmate $F-1^{(R)}$가 다른 군에 비해 큰 값을 보였다(p<0.05). 4. $Clinpro^{(R)}$와 적용 tip을 달리한 $Helioseal^{(R)}$의 경우 기포의 발생 빈도, 평균 개수, 평균 단면적 모두 유의차를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05).

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2016

Elimination of the smear layer and bacteria in the root canal is the most important in the endodontic treatment, and various irrigation devices have been developed. Nevertheless, it is hard to eliminate the smear layer and bacteria completely. In this paper, a micro bubble irrigation system has been developed for the root canal cleaning of tooth. Micro bubbles are generated when pressurized fluids passing through a porous material inside a hand-piece nozzle, and the bubbly flows excited by ultrasonic vibration are observed using a high-speed camera and a microscope. The results show that the diameter and number of bubbles increases with the applied pressure, and there found an optimum excitation frequency in order to minimize the bubble size. From in-vitro tests, it is also verified that the developed bubble irrigation system has the ability of antibacterial and infection removal. Thus, this biocompatible system would be well suited for root canal cleaning.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.835-838
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• 2002

An experiment has been performed using a facility, which simulates the safety depressurization system (SDS) and in-containment refueling water storage tank (IRWST) of APR1400, an advanced PWR being developed in Korea, to investigate the dynamic load resulting from the blowdown of steam from a steam generator through a sparser. The influence of the key parameters, such as air mass, steam pressure, submergence, valve opening time, and pool temperature, on frequency and peak toads was investigated. The blowdown phenomenon was analyzed to find out the real cause of the initiation of bubble oscillation and discrepancy in frequencies between the experiment and calculation by conventional equation for bubble oscillation. The cause of significant damping was discussed and is presumed to be the highly tortuous flow path around bubble. The Rayleigh-Plesset equation, which is modified by introducing method of image, reasonably reproduces the bubble oscillation in a confined tank. Right after the completion of air discharge the steam discharge immediately follows and it condenses abruptly to provide low-pressure pocket. It may contribute to the negative maximum being greater than positive maximum. The subsequently discharging steam does not play as at the driving force anymore.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.963-971
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• 2000

In order to investigate the effects of an electric field on EHD(Electro-hydrodynamic) nucleate boiling hat transfer characteristics in a nonuniform electric field under saturated pool boiling, the basic study has been performed experimentally. In the present study, the working fluid is R-113 and the plate-wire electrode system is used to generate a steep electric field gradient. Boiling parameters are investigated by using a high speed camera. The electric field distribution around a wire is obtained to understand the effect of an electric field on bubble departure/movement. The experimental results show EHD effects are much more considerable when the applied voltage increases. Bubbles depart away from the heated wire in radial direction. It is confirmed that the mechanisms of EHD nucleate boiling are closely connected with the dynamic behavior of bubbles. The boiling parameters are significantly changed by the electric field strength. With increasing applied voltages, the bubble size decreases and the nucleation site density, bubble velocity and bubble frequency increase.