• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1.1-1.7
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• 2017

A survey was conducted to investigate the presence of epiphytic organisms in four kelp Saccharina japonica farms in the coastal area of Korea from 2014 to 2015. Of 740 kelp samples that were taken, 208 exhibited six kinds of epiphytic organisms, including hydroid (detection rate: 11.6%), bryozoan (6.4%), polychaete (3.4%), algae (3.2%), caprellid (3%), and oyster (0.5%). The infestation rate for hydroid, bryozoan, and polychaete was significantly higher in the Wando farm, Busan farm, and Pohang farm, respectively. Epiphytic organisms were generally observed during May to September and not January to April, indicating that their infestation was significantly higher when the water had a higher temperature. The histopathogical examination revealed that hydroid and bryozoan organisms were attached on the cuticula of the thallus while some algae were attached on the cuticula of the thallus or had penetrated the epidermis. These results indicate that hydroid and bryozoan were the most predominant epiphytic organisms in Korean kelp farms, even though the infested thallus had not been broken.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2024

A taxonomic study of the family Electridae Stach, 1937 (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida) was carried out using materials collected from six localities of Korea from 1984 to 2021. Aspidelectra melolontha (Landsborough, 1852) is newly added to the bryozoan fauna of Korea, and Electra jindoica n. sp. is new to science. European A. melolontha is known to occur in brackish water of low salinity, but the species is found in New Zealand and Argentina seawater. This species is also reported as a fouling bryozoan from China and New Zealand. Electra jindoica n. sp. is distinguished by smaller zooid, larger kenozooid, and developed cryptocyst from E. asiatica Grischenko, Dick and Mawatari, 2007. With the addition of two species reported herein, six species and four genera of Electridae from Korea have been recorded: Aspidelectra melolontha, Arbopercula tenella, Conopeum hexagonum, C. reticulum, C. seurati, and Electra jindoica n. sp. Furthermore, the genera Aspidelectra and Electra are new to the Korean bryozoan fauna based on this study.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.566-570
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• 2016

Three cheilostomatous bryozoan species collected from Gageodo Island of Korea in 1999, which are Chorizopora brongniartii (Audouin, 1826), Microporella marsupiata (Busk, 1860) and Celleporina costazii (Audouin, 1826), are newly added to the Korean fauna. The redescriptions of three species are provided with distributional data and detailed illustrations herein. As a result of this study, a total of 32 bryozoan species from Gageodo Island waters are now reported.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-43
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• 2002

A new parasmittinid bryozoan, Parasmittina pyriformis, is reported from four localities in Korea. This new species closely resembles Parasmittina trispinosa in having one to three spines and a triangular avicularium lateral to the orifice. However, P. pyriformis is characteristic in that a single or paired small pear-shaped avicularia are situated lateral to the orifice and a triangular avicularium occurs in laterals to the orifice or on the frontal wall. The new species is also unique in having two spines in most zooids, but rarely one or three spines, whereas P. trispinosa usually has three spines, sometimes two or four.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.159-163
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• 2011

DNA barcoding of Bryozoa or "moss animals" has hardly advanced and lacks reference sequences for correct species identification. To date only a small number of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences from 82 bryozoan species have been deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank and Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD). We here report COI data from 53 individual samples of 29 bryozoan species collected from Korean seawater. To our knowledge this is the single largest gathering of COI barcode data of bryozoans to date. The average genetic divergence was estimated as 23.3% among species of the same genus, 25% among genera of the same family, and 1.7% at intraspecific level with a few rare exceptions having a large difference, indicating a possibility of presence of cryptic species. Our data show that COI is a very appropriate marker for species identification of bryozoans, but does not provide enough phylogenetic information at higher taxonomic ranks. Greater effort involving larger taxon sampling for the barcode analyses is needed for bryozoan taxonomy.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 2007

In 2005, an unrecorded bryozoan, Bantariella sp., invading on black corals was observed at Munseom in Jejudo Island. An intensive study was performed in the portion of 180 m width and $10{\sim}30m$ deep of Hangae-chang at Munseom during the period from Jan. to Nov. 2006. The following two black corals, Antipathes japonica and A. lata are occurring in this area. To investigate the quantitative change of invasion rates, 26 colonies with initial invasion rate of 0%, 30%, 70% and 100% respectively were individually tagged at the beginning of this study. After that, the change of reinvasion rates was monitored in a timely manner with the pictures taken by underwater camera and ensile observation. These data were analyzed as to host species, depth and initial invasion rates. According to host species, the removal effect was higher in A. lata than A. japonica. The reinvasion rate of black corals showed a maximal effect at $20{\sim}30m$ deep, and the most successful removal effect appeared in the colonies of initial invasion rates of $30{\sim}70%$. Especially, the invasion of Bantariella sp. on black corals is related to seawater temperature in seasonal manner and this appearance was limitedly observed at Munseom. This study is to document the impact by bryozoan proposing removal methods and its proper time of removal. It could contribute to the conservation of black corals and furthermore help to predict the change of marine environments.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.348-353
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• 2018

Four cyclostomatous bryozoans from Korea belong to the genera Bicrisia, Nevianipora, Tubulipora and Crisia are described here for the first time. Of which, Bicrisia erecta Mawatari & Mawatari, 1973, Nevianopora pulcherrima (Kirkpatrick, 1890) and Tubulipora similis Liu in Liu, Yin & Ma, 2001 are newly added to the Korean bryozoan fauna, and Crisia spissus n. sp. is new to science. These species in this study are identified based on three features, which are its pseudopore, gonozooids and ooeciostomes. Two genera, Bicrisia and Nevianopora, are new to the Korean bryozoan fauna. As a result of this study, nine Korean cyclostomatous bryozoans in seven genera, five families are reported.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2022

This paper describes three cyclostomatous bryozoans belonging to the family Tubuliporidae Johnston, 1838 from Korean waters. It was carried out with the materials which were collected from three localities during the period from 2011 to 2017. As a result of the present study, three cyclostomatous bryozoans, Exidmonea intercalata Liu, Liu & Zágoršek, 2019, Qingdaoella conaria Liu, Liu & Zágoršek, 2019 and Tubulipora perforata Liu, Liu & Zágoršek, 2019 are newly added to the Korean bryozoan fauna. Furthermore, two genera, Exidmonea David, Mongereau & Pouyet, 1972 and Qingdaoella Liu, Liu & Zágoršek, 2019, are reported for the first time from Korea. These species were previously known only in Qingdao, China, which belongs to the temperate zone influenced by the Kuroshio Current. Descriptions and illustrations of the three cyclostomatous bryozoans using Scanning Electron Microscopy are provided in this study.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.133-138
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• 2003

Six smittinid species were identified from Korean waters. Two of which were previously recorded in the Korean bryozoan fauna are reviewed. Parasmittina raigii (Audouin, 1826) reported from Gwabutan, Jeju Island is re-examined and reidentified as Parasmittina serrula Soule and Soule, 1973, which is new to the Korean fauna. Smittoidea reticulato (MacGillivray, 1847) is reported as species which doesn't occur in the Pacific Ocean Accordingly, Smittoidea reticulata should be deleted from the Korean bryozoan fauna and the Korean specimen identified as Smittoidea reticulata is synonymous with Smittoidea pacifica Soule and Soule, 1973. Fourteen smittinid bryozoans from Korea are thus recorded so far.

• ALGAE
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.99-109
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• 2019

Habitat-forming species increase spatial complexity and alter local environmental conditions, often facilitating the assembly of plants and animals. We conducted a trait-based approach to algal assemblages associated with the freshwater bryozoan, Pectinatella magnifica. Association with algae leads to the inner bodies of the bryozoans being colored green; this is frequently observed in the large rivers of South Korea. We collected the green-colored gelatinous matrices and phytoplankton from waterbodies of the two main rivers in South Korea. Algal assemblages within the colonies and in the waterbodies were compared using the three diversity indices (richness, diversity, and dominance), and the composition of functional groups (FGs) and morphologically based functional groups (MBFGs) between the colonies within and outside of P. magnifica colonies. The most dominant and common species within the colonies were Oscillatoria kawamurae and Pseudanabaena catenata, both of which were assigned to the same FG (codon S1). Of the algal assemblages within the colonies, the dominance was higher, while the richness and diversity were lower, than those in the waterbodies. There was variation in the compositions of FGs and MBFGs in the waterbodies outside the colonies. Total nitrogen and orthophosphate led to dominance, and were significant factors for the variation in FGs in the waterbodies, whereas there were no such significant factors within the colonies. This trait-based approach to the community structure of associated algae provides the status and habitat gradient of these communities, which are stable, isolated, and consistent with the overgrowth of shade-adapted tychoplanktonic cyanobacteria.