• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.125-130
• /
• 2008

Various kinds of leaf spots and blights were found in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) orchards on 2006 in Korea. Disease incidences were quite variable between open-field and rain-proof shelter. Rate of diseased leaves was recorded as about 70% at open-field orchards in late season but use of rain-proof vinyl shelters alleviated the disease incidences by 20%. Angular leaf spots appeared at early infection stage on June and several other symptoms were also recognized as the disease developed afterward. On September, brown leaf blights were the most frequent, followed by grayish brown ring spots, silvering gray leaf blights, zonate leaf blights, dark brown ring spots and angular leaf spots at open-field orchards. Four fungal species were frequently isolated from the disease symptoms. Phomopsis sp. was the most predominant fungus associated with the leaf spot and blight symptoms on kiwifruit, followed by Glomerella cingulata, Alternaria alternata and Pestalo-tiopsis sp. Phomopsis sp. was commonly isolated from angular leaf spots, silvering gray leaf blights, and zonate brown leaf blights. G. cingulata, A. alternata and Pestalotiopsis sp. were isolated from grayish brown ring spots (anthracnose), brown ring spots and zonate dark brown leaf blights. Typical symptoms appeared on the wounded and unwounded leaves, which were inoculated by each of Phomopsis sp., G. cingulata, and Pestalotiopsis sp., but A. alternata caused symptoms only on the wounded leaves.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.54-62
• /
• 2017

In 2014, abnormal brown spots were observed on Hongro apples in fields in Gyeongsangbuk-do Province and during low-temperature storage. The spots were round, blight brown, and different from the symptoms of previously reported apple diseases. A fungal pathogen was isolated and cultured on potato dextrose agar, and it was morphologically similar to Fusarium decemcellulare. A pathogenicity test showed the same brown spots on both wounded and unwounded Hongro and Fuji apple cultivars. RPB1 and RPB2 sequences of F. decemcellulare KNU-GC01 matched with those of F. decemcellulare NRRL 13412 (98.3% and 97.6% similarities, respectively); both strains clustered together in the phylogenetic tree, indicating their close relationship at the species level. Therefore, F. decemcellulare is a newly reported pathogen that causes brown spots on apples in Korea.

• 한국식물병리학회지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.336-338
• /
• 1994

In 1991, the leaf brown spot of ivy-aureus (Scindapsus aureus) was found in Taejon and Seoul, Korea. The symptoms were appeared as dark-brown spots. The lesions were often surrounded by yellowish halos. These spots were enlarged to circular or elliptical in shape and dark-brown to black in color with slightly elevated in margin and sunken in center. The pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the diseased leaf of ivy-aureus were identified as Erwinia chrysanthemi on the basis of bacterial characteristics therefore, we would like to propose to the name of ivy-aureus disease caused by E. chrysanthemi as“bacterial brown rot of ivy-aureus”hereafter.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.417-425
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the whitening effect of Angelicae dahuricae Radix water extract (ADWE) by its application on artificial tanning spots which were induced by 1,500 $mJ/cm^2$ of UVB radiation on the backs of brown guinea pigs weighing approximately 450~500 g. Thirty ${\mu}l$ of ADWE, at each application, were applied twice a day, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks to the guinea pigs. The artificial tanning spots were divided into 3 groups which were vehicle control group [propylene glycol: ethanol: water (5:3:2)], positive control group (2% hydroquinone) and experimental group (2% ADWE). The visible whitening effect and changes in melanin index were evaluated once a week. On completion of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed under anesthetization, and the artificial tanning spots were excised by biopsy punch and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) to observe histological change and also stained with Fontana-Masson's silver (F-M) and S-100 to observe melanin pigmentation and melanocytes. In the gross observation, the experimental group showed higher pigmentation than the positive control group but lower pigmentation than the vehicle control group. Histological observation confirmed that ADWE had a positive whitening effect by showing a lower distribution of melanin and melanocytes in the epidermis of experimental group than in the vehicle control group.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
• /
• pp.132.2-132
• /
• 2003

Anthracnose occurred on rapsberry grown in Gochang areas of Korea in 2003. The disease incidence was ranged from 1.1 to 2.6％. Anthracnose of rapsberry appeared as dark brown circular spots on naturally infected stems. The symptoms of infected stems were small brown to dark brown spots and gradually enlarged larger cylindrical dark brown lesions. The causal fungus of anthracnose isolated from the diseased plants was identifed as Colletotrichum coccodes based on the morphological and cultural characteristics. All isolates of C. coccodes were produced similar symptoms on the host leaves by artificial inocultion.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.153-160
• /
• 2011

To evaluate the whitening effect of black tea water extract (BT), BT was topically applied to artificially hyperpigmented spots on the back skins of brown guinea-pigs (weight: 450~500 g) induced by 1,500 mJ/$cm^2$ of ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. The test compounds of 30 ${\mu}l$ were applied twice a day, six days a week, for four weeks. The artificially hyperpigmented spots were divided into 5 groups: control (UVB + saline, C), vehicle control [UVB + propylene glycol: ethanol: water (5 : 3 : 2), VC], positive control (UVB + 2% hydroquinone, PC), experimental 1 (UVB + 1% BT), experimental 2 (UVB + 2% BT). After 4-week application, the spots were removed by biopsy punch under anesthetic condition and used as specimens for the histological examination. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of BT were 104 and 91 mg/g, respectively. The electron-donating ability of BT revealed a dose-dependent response, showing the excellent capacities of 86% at 800 ${\mu}g$/ml. The artificially hyperpigmented spots treated with the PC and BT were obviously lightened compared to the C and VC groups. At the fourth week, the melanin indices for the PC and BT groups were significantly lower (p < 0.001) than those of the C and VC groups. In histological examination, PC and BT groups were significantly reduced in the melanin pigmentation, the proliferation of melanocytes and the synthesis of melanosomes compared to the C and VC groups. It is found that BT inhibits the proliferation of melanocytes and synthesis of melanosomes in vivo using brown guinea pigs, thereby showing a definite skin whitening effect.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.114-118
• /
• 2017

In September 2013 and 2014, a significant number of kenaf plants showing symptoms of leaf spots with approximately 50% incidence were found in experimental plots in Iksan and Namwon, Korea. Leaf spots were circular to irregular, more or less vein-limited, reaching to 10 mm in diameter. The spots were initially uniformly brown to reddish brown, turning pale brown with a purplish margin and showing grayish patches on the lesion due to heavy fructification. The causative agent of the leaf spot disease was identified as Cercospora malayensis. The pathogenicity test was conducted with similar results, which fulfilled Koch's postulates. This is the first report of C. malayensis infection of kenaf in Korea.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 1988

10종(種) 19품종(品種)의 식물체(植物體)에 $SO_2$를 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.7 및 1.5ppm으로 09 : 00∼17 : 00의 8시간(時間)씩식물환경조절실(植物環境調節室)에서 접촉(接觸)시키고 가시피해(可視被害)를 관찰(觀察)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 배추(만춘, 조생미호, 서울, 전승), 무우(춘추알타리, 태백, 진주대평)와 고추(새로나, 홍산호, 홍일품)는 담갈색반점 ; 들깨, 금잔화, 국화와 사루비아는 흑갈색반점 ; 참깨(풍년, 광산)는 갈색반점(褐色斑點) ; 맨드라미는 적갈색(赤褐色), 변색(變色)으로 피해(被害)가 나타났다. 2) 무우, 배추, 고추, 들깨, 참깨, 금잔화, 사루비아는 엽맥간(葉脈間)에 반점(斑點)으로, 국화는 엽록(葉綠) 주위에 반점(斑點)으로, 맨드라미는 엽전면(葉全面)에 적갈변(赤褐變)으로 피해형태(被害形態)를 보였다. 3) 춘추알타리무우, 들깨, 참깨(풍년, 광산)와 사루비아는 0.4ppm에서도 피해(被害)를 보였고, 전승배추, 고추(홍일품, 새로나), 맨드라미는 1.5ppm에서만 피해(被害)를 나타냈다. 4) 감수성(感受性)이 높은 것은 들깨, 참깨, 사루비아, 춘추알타리무우였고, 내성종(은 국화, 배추, 맨드라미와 금잔화이었다.19품종(品種)의 식물체(植物體)에 $SO_2$를 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.7 및 1.5ppm으로 $09\;:\;00{\sim}17\;:\;00$의 8시간(時間)씩 식물환경조절실(植物環境調節室)에서 접촉(接觸)시키고 가시피해(可視被害)를 관찰(觀察)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 배추(만춘, 조생미호, 서울, 전승), 무우(춘추알타리, 태백, 진주대평)와 고추(새로나, 홍산호, 홍일품)는 담갈색반점 ; 들깨, 금잔화, 국화와 사루비아는 흑갈색반점 ; 참깨(풍년, 광산)는 갈색반점(褐色斑點) ; 맨드라미는 적갈색(赤褐色), 변색(變色)으로 피해(被害)가 나타났다. 2) 무우, 배추, 고추, 들깨, 참깨, 금잔화, 사루비아는 엽맥간(葉脈間)에 반점(斑點)으로, 국화는 엽록(葉綠) 주위에 반점(斑點)으로, 맨드라미는 엽전면(葉全面)에 적갈변(赤褐變)으로 피해형태(被害形態)를 보였다. 3) 춘추알타리무우, 들깨, 참깨(풍년, 광산)와 사루비아는 0.4ppm에서도 피해(被害)를 보였고, 전승배추, 고추(홍일품, 새로나), 맨드라미는 1.5ppm에서만 피해(被害)를 나타냈다. 4) 감수성(感受性)이 높은 것은 들깨, 참깨, 사루비아, 춘추알타리무우였고, 내성종(耐性種)은 국화, 배추, 맨드라미와 금잔화이었다.

• Mycobiology
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.316-320
• /
• 2010

Leaf spot and blight disease was observed on two-year-old seedlings of Dendropanax morbifera (Korean name: Hwangchil tree) during July of 2008 in Jindo Island, Korea. Symptoms included yellow-brown to dark brown irregularly enlarged spots frequently located along the veins of leaves. The lesions were often surrounded by chlorotic haloes. Severe leaf blight and subsequent defoliation occurred when conditions favored disease outbreak. The causal organism of the disease was identified as Alternaria panax based on morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA. A. panax isolates induced leaf spots and blight symptoms not only on D. morbifera but also on the other members of Araliaceae tested. This is the first report of foliar blight caused by A. panax on D. morbifera.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제19권10호
• /
• pp.1404-1408
• /
• 2006

In order to investigate the genetic marker associated with economic performance in Hanwoo (Korean Brown Cattle), proteomic approach was used. Breeding values were estimated from performance tested steers. The top 20 and bottom 19 steers based on carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BF) and marbling score (MS) evaluation for one progeny testing period was used. Meat samples dissected from longissimus dorsi muscles were taken from the slaughter house and analyzed for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. A total of 102 significant spots out of total 146 on each gel were detected and compared with the reference gel (synthetic gel) to be evaluated. Four candidate spots for marbling score were identified: 205, 84, 204 and 198. The study confirmed the relationship between breeding values of economic traits of Hanwoo cattle and spot intensity.