• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.78 no.4
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• pp.412-415
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• 2015

The prevalence of lung diseases caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is increasing worldwide. Unlike pulmonary tuberculosis, endobronchial NTM diseases are very rare with the majority of cases reported in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. We reported a rare case of endobronchial Mycobacterium avium disease associated with lobar atelectasis in a young immunocompetent patient and reviewed the relevant literature.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.14-18
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• 2001

Background and Objectives： Vegetable Foreign bodies (VFB) in the bronchial tree may be complicated by fragmentation, slippage and impaction during the removal with forceps. This study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy for the technique of removing VFB from the bronchial tree in infants and early childhood using Fogarty balloon catheter. Materials and methods : The subjects consisted of 18 infants and early childhood (7-22 months old) with VFB in the bronchial tree from January 1991 through October 1998. The authors first attempted removal of VFB with forceps and if that failed, removed VFB with Fogarty arterial embolectomy catheter under the ventilating bronchoscopy and general anesthesia. Results: We removed 6 VFB with forceps. could not remove anymore, and so removed 12 VFB with Fogarty catheter. In 8 VFB of less than 24 hours, we could remove 6 VFB with forceps and 2 VFB which could not be removed with forceps were removed with Fogarty catheter. In 10 VFB of more than 24 hours, we could not remove with forceps and removed with Fogarty catheter. Conclusions : VFB in the bronchial tree of infants and early childhood can usually be removed with forceps. But we think that Fogarty balloon catheter technique is a easy, safe method for the removal of bronchial VFB of more than 24 hours, fragmentation, impaction, lower bronchus and too round or slippery to remove with forceps in infants and early childhood.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.257-261
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• 1996

Tracheopathia osteoplastica is a rare disease characterized by submucosal cartilaginous or bony projections into tracheobroncheal lumen with sparing of the posterior membranous portion of tracheobroncheal tree. The cause of this disorder is unknown. In the past, a majority of the cases were discovered incidentally at autopsy. But recently, antemortem diagnosis is increasingly reported after the introduction of computed tomography and bronchoscopy. We report a case of extensive tracheopathia osteoplastica diagnosed antemortem by computed tomography, bronchoscopic examination and biopsy.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.243-250
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• 1996

Granular cell tumor(GCT) of tracheobronchial tree is a rare neoplasm comprising approximately 6-10% of all GCT and about 1.6% of all benign tumors of the tracheobronchial tree. Since the first observation of GCT in the bronchus by Kramer in the late 1930s, less than 100 cases have been reported in tracheobronchial tree, and probably no such case have been published in Korea yet. Here we report an experience concerning 53 year-old women with an active pulmonary tuberculosis, who also was diagnosed to have a bronchial GCT on bronchoscopy and immunohistochemistry of the specimens.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.70-73
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• 1991

We have experienced a case of lung injury caused by accidental inhalation of ammonia gas in a 34 year-old-man. By the explosion of ammonia tank in a refrigerator boat he inhaled ammonia gas. Several minutes later, he suffered from severe dyspnea and visual loss. On arrival at emergency room, analysis of arterial blood gas revealed severe hypoxemia and his chest film showed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Under the impression of adult respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilator was applied to the patient. After recovery from ARDS and tracheal edema, he complained of some hemoptysis and productive sputum during the admission. So we checked bronchoscopy and bronchograpy which showed tracheal bullae just above carina and tubular bronchiectatic change in the right lower lobe. We report a case of lung injuries-ARDS, tracheal bullae, and bronchiectasis-caused by inhalation of ammonia gas with the review of the relevant literatures.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.297-302
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• 2003

Background : Airway obstruction due to blood clot occurs unusually but in a variety of clinical settings. Initial efforts for removal of the endobronchial blood clot involve flexible bronchoscopic evaluation with saline lavage and suctioning and then forceps extraction. If unsuccessful, further options include rigid bronchoscopy, Fogarty catheter dislogement of the clot, and topical thrombolytic agents. The several successful uses of endobronchial streptokinase or urokinase to dissolve an endobronchial blood clot have been previously reported, but not yet in Korea. Herein we describe a 51-year old man with superior vena cava thrombosis secondary to Behcet's disease who experienced life threatening airway obstruction after hemoptysis due to a large organized blood clot in left main bronchus. Urokinase(260,000 U), injected through a fiberoptic bronchoscope, totally dissolved the clot. No complications occurred.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-27
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• 2005

Thymic cysts are uncommon tumors which usually occur in the neck and mediastinum. It is known to arise from embryonic remnants of the thymopharyngeal duct or from infammation of thymic tissues. Patients with thymic cyst are often asymptomatic and identified after surgical removal and histologic examination. We experienced a 73 year-old man with recently developed dyspnea. During the examination, chest CT showed a $5{\times}6cm$ sized cystic mass causing deviation of the trachea. It was located in between the right thyroid gland and anterior mediastinum. It also caused tracheal narrowing noted by bronchoscopy. Right anterior cervical incision and removal of the mass was performed and a histological diagnosis of thymic cyst was confirmed. The patient was discharged without complication.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.70 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 2011

Various diseases can diffusely involve central airways, including the trachea and main stem bronchi. Central airway abnormalities are frequently not apparent or are overlooked on chest radiographs, even though the patient may have significant symptoms. Recent advances in spiral and multi-detector computed tomography (CT) with multi-planar reconstruction and three-dimensional demonstration, including virtual bronchoscopy, allow for excellent display of central airway anatomy and abnormalities with visualization of accurate locations of lesions. Early detection and proper diagnosis of airway diseases based on various radiographic findings will help determine appropriate treatment, including surgical planning and evaluation of treatment response. Herein we describe and illustrate the imaging findings of a wide spectra of diffuse central airway diseases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.792-799
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• 1985

Primary neoplasms of the trachea are rare, but are a very serious critical life-threatening disease. Nearly all the lesions of the trachea are presented as obstructive lesions. Bronchoscopic examination including chest C-T, tomogram and air tracheogram are essential for the further definition of these lesions. The need for removal of tracheal tumors whether complete or incomplete, is clear enough regardless of the histology of the tumor. We have experienced 9 cases from Jan. 1965 to June, 1985. One patient with tracheal hamartoma was cured with complete resection through rigid bronchoscopy and another patient with fibrous histiocytoma was treated with re-excision and laser evaporation through superior mediastinotomy due to recurrence, 1 year later. The remaining patients were treated with mass excision or segmental resection and end-to-end anastomosis through collar incision and superior mediastinal sternotomy. The remaining two patients were operated with and segmental resection and end-to-end anastomosis of trachea using partial cardiopulmonary bypass. The histologic diagnosis were adenoid cystic Ca[5], fibrous histiocytoma[1], mucoepidermoid Ca[1]. hamartoma[1], anaplastic Ca.[1]. Three patients were treated post-operatively with radiation; with adenoid cystic Ca.[2] and anaplastic Ca.[1]. Their post-operative courses were uneventful during the follow-up from 2 months to 7 years.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.572-576
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• 1990

A complete transection of left main bronchus was repaired by end to end anastomosis 5 months after the chest trauma in the Yeungnam University Hospital. The patient was a 36 years old male who had been injured bluntly by a heavy package on the left chest. The initial symptoms and signs were dyspnea, chest pain and subcutaneous emphysema on the left neck, but on admission at our hospital his chief complaint was only mild left chest discomfort. The preoperative chest X-ray findings 5 months after the trauma revealed total collapse of the left lung, deviation of trachea to the left, elevation of left diaphragm, abrupt discontinuation in the course of an air-filled left main bronchus and bronchoscopy showed that the left main bronchus was completely occluded, without any signs of inflammation, approximately 4 cm from the carina. The operation was performed through standard posterolateral thoracotomy incision at the fifth intercostal space. There was not any suppuration within the transected lung but plenty of white mucus which was removed by forceful suction. The transected bronchial edges were debrided and anastomosed primarily by end to end with interrupted nonabsorbable sutures. The suture line was reinforced with a pleural flap. The postoperative course was uneventful and pulmonary function following operation improved progressively and proved the delayed repair to have a reasonable decision.