• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2000

The treatment of chronic chest wounds should be focused on eradicating the infection and obliterating the dead space thus providing improved pulmonary function. Chronic chest wounds, although the incidence has decreased over the years, is still associated with high morbidity and prolong hospitalization. In cases where the disease is advanced and conventional measures fail, aggressive approaches achieve adequate resolution or significant improvement. This paper reports four cases of chronic chest wound including bronchopleural fistula and osteomyelitis managed by debridement followed by muscle coverage using latissimus dorsi, rectus abdominis, and omental flap. The intrathoracic reconstruction entails thorough debridement of empyema cavities, bronchpleural fistulas and infection focus. The infection must be completely eradicated prior to or at the time of flap transposition. The flaps used for obliteration of dead spaces provided adequate bulk, abundant blood supply, and minimal donor morbidity. The results were satisfactory with improved respiratory function without complications.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 1980

The incidence of the empyema thoracis has been drastically reduced with the advent of antimicrobial drugs. Empyema thoracis is however still dealt with one of major problems in thoracic surgery because of difficulties in the management of associated bronchopleural fistula. During the period of January 1975 to June 1979, 145 patients of empyema thoracis were treated in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Busan National University Hospital. This reports dealed especially with the incidence, etiology and management of chronic empyema thoracis with B.P.F. and estimated the results of intercostal myoplasty. The results: 1 ] Among 145 empyema thoracis patients, 33 patients [22.7%] had bronchopleural fistula. 2] Male predominated in general with the ratio of 4:1 and in empyema thoracis with B.P.F. male predominance was further more prominent with the ratio of 10:1. Peak incidence of chronic empyema thoracis lay on 3rd and 4th decade. 3] The most common causation of empyema thoracis was pneumonia [77.3%] in children and tuberculosis [48.8%] in adult. 4] The most common causative organism of empyema thoracis was staphylococcus aureus [52.5%]. 5] Among 40 cases of resection for pulmonary tuberculosis, 4 cases developed empyema thoracis with B.P.F. [10%], and resection for another underlying pathology was 2.1%. 6] In contrast to good prognosis of acute empyema thoracis, chronic empyema thoracis with B.P.F. was improved only 66.6% of cases. 81.5% of chronic empyema without B.P.F. were cured completely. 7] Intercostal myoplasty were performed in 21 cases of empyema thoracis with B.P.F. and of which 15 cases showed that fistula were closed. 8] The over all mortality rate in empyema thoracis was 8.7%. The mortality rate of chronic empyema thoracis with and without B.P.F. was 15.2% and 5.3% respectively.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.674-677
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• 2003

본원에서 시행한 최근 5년간 전폐절제술 중 기관지 절단부의 처리 방법에 있어 수기봉합 35예, 자동봉합 65예를 선정하여 술 후 합병증의 발생을 중점으로 비교 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 자동봉합기를 사용한 65예 중 남성은 55명, 여성은 10명이었으며 평균 연령은 56.7$\pm$10.3세였다. 수기봉합을 시행한 35예 중 남성은 26명, 여성은 9명으로 평균연령은 61.4$\pm$9.2세)였다. 자동봉합기를 사용한 수술예 중 38예가 좌주기관지에, 27예가 우주기관지 봉합 예였으며, 수기 봉합의 경우 좌주기관지 22예, 우주기관지 13예였다. 자동봉합기를 사용한 65예 중 편평세포암이 39예, 선암종이 9예, 기타 악성 폐암 5예, 양성 페질환이 12예였으며, 수기봉합을 시행한 35예 중 편평세포암이 21예, 선암종이 5예, 기타 악성폐암 2예, 양성 폐질환이 7예였다. 결과: 술 후 합병증으로 자동봉합기를 사용한 65예 중 4예의 기관지-흉막루가 발생하였고 2예에서 폐부종이 발생하여 호흡부전으로 사망하였다. 또한 2예는 술 후 급성 호흡부전으로 사망하였다 수기 봉합의 35예 중 기관지-흉막루가 2예 발생하여 그중 1예에서 농흉이 동반되어 폐혈증으로 사망하였으며, 2예는 술 후 급성 호흡부전으로, 1예는 폐렴 후 폐혈증으로 사망하였다. 결론: 수기 봉합과 자동 봉합기의 사용 예를 비교하여 술 후 합병증의 빈도는 통계학적 유의성을 보이지 않았으며, 술자의 선택에 따라 두 방법 모두 가능한 방법이라 하겠다

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.48-51
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• 2008

흉강 내에 발생하는 만성 팽창성 혈종은 매우 드문 질환이다. 저자들은 20년 전 결핵성 늑막염을 앓고 난 뒤 반복적인 객혈로 3개월 전부터 외래 추적 관찰하던 노인에서 갑작스런 대량 객혈과 함께 이전 방사선 소견에서 병변을 가득 채웠던 물질이 새롭게 발생한 기관지 흉막루를 통해 소실되어 공기 액체층이 새롭게 형성된 일련의 변화를 통해, 내부 성분이 혈액임을 확인하여, 병변이 만성 팽창성 혈종임을 진단하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고 하는 바이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2002

다양한 원인으로 인해서 발생하는 기관지흉막루는 일차적인 치료에 반응이 없을 경우에는 수술적 치료를 고려해야 하나, 대부분 환자들의 양호하지 못한 전신 상태로 인하여 수술을 시행할 수 없는 경우가 많다. 이런 경우 굴곡형 기관지내시경을 이용한 치료가 시행될 수 있는 데, 저자 등은 농흉이 동반된 괴사성 폐렴 및 폐농양 환자에서, 흉관 삽관 후에 발생한 말단부 기관지흉막루를 기관지내시경을 이용한 Gelfoam 폐쇄로 치료한 1례가 있어 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.251-254
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• 1983

A comparative study was taken for pulmonary resection between group stapler used and not used. 1 ] There was no bronchopleural fistula in 22 cases of stapler used group, but in 4.5% in not used group. 2] The postoperative amount of fluid and air leakage through the chest tube were lesser in stapler used group. 3] The operating time was shorter in stapler used group because of lesser dissection of hilar structure.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.689-692
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• 1995

Pulmonary aspergilloma is a rare disease, most commonly presenting as secondary invasion of preexisting cavitary disease. Tuberculosis and bronchieetasis were the commonest pre-existing diseases. Between 1990 and 1994, 11 patients[7 male and 4 female underwent thoracotomy for treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma. The mean age was 45.7 years. The most common indication for operation was hemoptysis. Lobectomy was the m&t frequent operation. Major complication occurred in a patient with bronchopleural fistula and treated with open drainage. There was no operative death. It is concluded that elective pulmonary resection is recommended for all patients with aspergilloma who do not constitute prohibitive operative risks.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.535-541
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• 2002

배경: 폐결핵의 국내 유병율은 여전히 높고 폐결핵의 후유증에 대한 치료로 전폐절제술이 불가피한 경우가 있다. 이에 저자들은 폐결핵의 후유증에 대한 치료로 시행된 전폐절제술의 합병증, 사망률 및 장기 성적을 후향적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1981년부터 2001년까지 폐결핵의 후유증에 대해 전폐절제술 또는 흉막폐절제술을 시행받은 94명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 평균 연령은 40(16~68)세였고 남녀 성비는 44 : 50 이었다. 수술적응증은 결핵성 파괴폐 80례, 주기관지 협착 10례, 두가지 병리가 혼재한 경우가 4례였다. 수술 방법은 전폐절제술 47례, 흉막폐절제술 43례, 완성전폐절제술 4례였다. 결과: 조기사망은 1례 발생하였고 사망원인은 술 후 농흉이었다. 20명의 환자에서 23례의 합병증이 발생하였는데, 농흉이 15례(기관지 늑막루가 확인된 경우는 7례), 창상감염이 5례, 출혈이 2례, 전폐절제술후 증후군이 1례 있었다. 술 후 합병증 중 농흉 발생의 위험인자 분석을 위해 단변량 분석을 시행한 결과, 술 전 농흉의 동반, 수술방법 중 흉막 폐절제술, 수술시간, 고령 등이 위험인자로 판명되었고 다변량 분석 결과 낮은 FEV1, 고령만이 위험인자로 분석되었다. 기관지늑막루 발생과 관련된 위험인자는 단변량 분석 결과 낮은 FEV1, 다변량 분석 결과 낮은 FEV1, 술 후 객담도말검사 양성 및 폐진균종의 동반 등으로 분석되었다. 조기사망 1례를 제외한 93명의 환자를 추적관찰한 결과 12례의 만기사망이 발생하였고 5년, 10년 생존율은 각각 94$\pm$3%, 87$\pm$4%였다. 결론: 폐결핵의 후유증에 대한 치료로 전폐절제술은 만족할만한 사망률로 훌륭한 장기 생존을 얻을 수 있었다. 그러나, 농흉 및 기관지늑막루에 대한 위험인자를 가진 환자에 대해 술 후 합병증 예방을 위한 특별한 주의가 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.475-485
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• 1980

For the past 5 year 6 months from January 1975 to June 1980, 176 patients with empyema have been treated in Chonnam University Hospital. They were 134 males and 42 females ranging from ] 8 days to 69 years of age. [mean age: 26.1 years] The duration of illness prior to treatment was relatively shorter in pediatric group than in adult group, that is, the duration of less than 1 month was 89.5% in pediatric group and 38.0% in adult group. In bacteria study there were Staphylococcus 26.1%, Streptococcus 17.6%, E. coil 10.8%, Pseudomonas 10.8%, Diplococcus pneumoniae 5.7% and Candidia. And 4 children and 3 adults had infections of two species of bacteria. The underlying pathologic lesions were pyogenic pneumonia 34.7%, tuberculosis 29.5%, paragonimiasis 15.3%, trauma 9.7% and postoperative state. The over-all mortality rate was 1.7% [3 patients]. The causes of death were sepsis In 1 child and sepsis secondary to esophageal fistula in 2 adults. Adequate drainage and obliteration of the pleural space seems to be the most important aspect of treatment and can frequently be achieved by initial tube drainage in acute empyema, especially in the pediatric group. The chronic thick walled or loculated cavities required open window therapy, decortication, resection therapy and sterilization. Modified Eloesser`s operation and 0.3-0.5% potadine irrigation brought good result in the patients who had general weakness, marked pulmonary parenchymal destruction due to pyothorax, and pyothorax with severe bronchopleural fistula.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.613-619
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• 1993

As developing surgical techniques and postoperative cares, a pneumonectomy is a relatively popular surgical method in disease which is not treated completely with other type of pulmonary resection, but a postpneumonectomy complication is a life-threatening serious problem if it occurred. We performed one hundred twenty-five cases of pneumonectomy for treatment of various causes of pulmonary diseases in Kosin Medical College during about ten years, and we experienced 41 cases of postoperative complications in 29 patients, so we analyzed them. The most common complication is an empyema thoracis in 13 cases[10.4%], of which one case combined with bronchopleural fistula died on early postoperative day. Of them except one case, the early postoperative empyema thoracis[within 30 days] were 6 cases, and the late postoperative empyema thoracis[above 30 days] were 6 cases. The main etiologic pathogens were a staphylococcus in early postoperative empyema and a streptococcus in late postoperative empyema, but the most cases were mixed infections with pseudomonas, klebsiella, acinectobacter, and candida. The treatment of postoperative empyema thoracis were that 4 cases were treated with open drainage using chest tube, 7 cases with Clagett`s operation, and 1 case with thoracoplasty. The next common complication was a postoperative serious respiratory insufficiency in 7 cases. And the other complications were massive postoperative bleeding in 5 cases, of which 2 cases advanced to occurrence of postoperative empyema thoracis, and wound disruption in 4 cases, cardiac arrhythmia in 3 cases, contralateral pneumothorax and pneumonia in each of 2 cases, esophagopleural fistula in 1 case. The postoperative deaths were 9 cases[7.2%] of 125 cases, the causes of death were respiratory insufficiency in 6 cases, sepsis in 2 cases, and cardiac arrhythmia in 1 case.