• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.249-257
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• 2022

The present study investigates the effects of different inclusion levels of a microwave-dried black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal (HILM) on the carcass characteristics, breast meat quality, and fatty acid profiles of leg meat in broiler chickens. A total of 150 male broilers were randomly assigned to three dietary treatment groups (10 replicates·treatment^-1 and 5 birds·replicate^-1). HILM was included at increasing levels (0, 2, and 4%; CON, 2HILM, and 4HILM, respectively) in diets formulated for three feeding phases: starter (1 - 7 d), grower (7 - 21 d), and finisher (21 - 35 d). One bird per replicate was slaughtered at d 35; the carcasses and organs were weighed, and breast and leg meats were excised for a meat analysis. A linear decrease (p < 0.01) was observed for live and carcass weights for the whole period of the experiment, with no difference between the CON and 2HILM groups. Broilers fed HILM showed no significant differences in meat quality parameters, except for an increase in yellowness (b^*) in the 2HILM and 4HILM groups compared to the CON group (p < 0.01). With an increase in the HILM inclusion level, the proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) such as lauric, myristic, stearic, arachidic, and heneicosylic acids showed a linear increase (p < 0.01); however, total SFA, monounsaturated fatty acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acid did not differ among the dietary treatments. Thus, microwave-dried HILM can be considered as a possible alternative ingredient to soybean meal in broiler diets up to a 2% inclusion level.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 1992

To prevent food-poisoning outbreaks by Vibrio vulnificus the antimicrobial efficacy of grapefruit seed extract (GFSE) was examined. Minimal inhibitory concentration (in vitro) for the microorganism was found to be 50∼100 ppm. Transmission electron micrographs of Vibrio vulnificus showed the biocidal action of this natural antimicrobial agent would be related to specific respiratory effect coupled with the destruction of permeable function of microbial cell membrane. After Anguilla japonica GFSE-injected to the body was incubated in the seawater contaminated by Vibrio vulnifiucs the fish meats were taken up, mixed with control diet and used as a diet in the feeding experiment. In this experiment the effect of GFSE treated with fish muscle on body weight, protein efficiency ratio, serum enzymes and serum blood components of broiler chicks was investigated. It is proved from this study that there is neither Vibriosis nor toxicity associated with GFSE itself an fish meats treated with it when it is injected to the fish body at a level of 250 ppm or less.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2017

This study was conducted to identify the quality and functional properties of meat and meat batter among commercial broilers and two different ages of spent layers. Breast and whole leg meat samples were prepared from the broilers and spent layers to compare meat quality traits: Commercial broiler (Arbor Acre; 6-week-old) and two different ages of spent layers (Hy-Line; 70 and 95-week-old). Three types of meat batters containing breast meat as 50% of total ingredients were also prepared to analyze processing qualities. The broiler showed the highest water holding capacity (p<0.05) and the lowest cooking loss value (p<0.05) in both meat and meat batter samples. The breast and leg meat of the 95-week-old layers showed the highest shear force value (p<0.05), and also showed the highest shear force and hardness values in the meat batter. Although the oldest layer meat showed tougher textural traits than the 70-week-old layers, no significant differences were found for cooking loss and water loss values in both the meat and meat batter samples. Besides, panelists gave equivalent scores within different ages and parts of the cooked layer meats in the sensory evaluation. Similar ratios of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids, and omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids were obtained from both the 70-week-old layer and 95-week-old layer meats. In conclusion, the 95-week-old spent layers, especially for breast meat, had equivalent potential as raw materials for processed meat products compared to the 70-week-old layers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.266-273
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• 2002

A total of 225 day-old broiler chicks (43.08 g initial body weight) were allotted to three dietary treatments for a 6-week feeding trial. The treatments were 1) Control (defatted rice bran; DFRB), 2) fresh rice bran (FRB) and 3) rancid rice bran (RRB). Rice brans were intentionally spoiled by two degrees of rancidity by the values of free fatty acids (FFA): 7.6% (FRB) and 16.3% (RRB). Diets were prepared on an isonutrient basis, and defatted or rancid rice brans were included 5 and 10% for starter (0-3 week) and finisher (3-6 week), respectively. At the end of the feeding trial, six chicks per treatment were sacrificed, and thigh meats were ground and stored at $1^{\circ}C$ for thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and peroxide value (POV) analyses. For a digestibility, 48 growing chicks (4 weeks old) were employed in cages (3 replicates/treatment, 2 birds/cage) according to the experimental design: FRB, RRB, pelleted and extruded rice bran. Some of the FRB were pelleted ($70^{\circ}C$) or extruded ($110^{\circ}C$). There was no significant difference in growth performance during the starter period, but chicks fed a diet containing DFRB grew faster (p<0.05) with increased feed intake (p<0.05) than those fed diets containing rice brans, FRB or RRB, during the finisher period. Feed conversion ratio in the RRB was inferior (p<0.05) to the DFRB. Between rice bran groups, weight gain was higher (pco.os) in FRB than in RRB during finisher period. There was a similar trend in growth performance of chicks for the overall period (0-6 week) as the finisher period. Dry matter and energy digestibilities were higher (p<0.05) in extruded than in RRB group. Protein digestibility was improved (p<0.05) when rice bran was extruded, but not pelleted. The chicken meats from RRB showed higher (p<0.05) TBARS than those from FRB during storage for 4 weeks at $1^{\circ}C$. In conclusion, it would appear that feeding rancid rice bran gave negative effects on growth performance and lipid stability of meat in broiler chicks.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.695-701
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• 2011

The study was carried out to investigate the effect of lighting regimes on performance and meat quality of broiler. A total of 912 chicks was divided into 2 groups with male (3 replications/group, 34 heads/replication) and female (3 replications/group, 42 heads/replication). Treatments were control (C, natural lighting), T1 treatment (24L), and T2 treatment (1~2d, 24L; 2~4d, 23L+1D; 4~16d, 16L+8D; 16~21d, 18L+6D; 21~42d, 23L+1D) by lighting regimes. Lysine content of male chicken meats at T2 treatment was lower compared to that of other treatments (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in all nonessential amino acid (AA) among treatments. Methionine content of female chicken meats at T2 treatment was lower compared to that of other treatments (p<0.05). The rate of C16:0, C16:1n7, and C18:1n9 of male chicken meat at T2 treatment was higher than that of other treatments (p<0.05), while C18:2n6 was lower at T2 treatment than other treatment (p<0.05). Mono-saturated fatty acid was the highest at T2 treatment, however, polysaturated fatty acid was the lowest at that treatment (p<0.05). There was no considerable difference in fatty acid composition of female chicken meat among treatments. Finally, lighting regime didn' affect on amino acid and fatty acid contents, and used possibly on energy reduction.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.151-155
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary supplementation of granite porphyry (GP) on growth performances and meat sensory quality in commercial broiler chicks. A total of four hundred-fifty 5-day-old male broiler chicks were divided into 15 pens and fed one of five experimental diets for 5 weeks; 0% GP with antibiotics (Control), 1% GP with or without antibiotics, and 2% GP with or without antibiotics. Final body weight and daily weight gain of all GP supplemented groups were slightly higher than those of control. Feed conversion rate was improved in GP 1 % supplemented groups, although there was no significant difference. Feeding antibiotics in addition to GP did not influence the growth parameters. Relative weights of liver and abdominal fat tended to be reduced in broiler chickens fed GP supplemented diets. Feeding of 2% GP diet resulted in a significant improvement in meat sensory quality in terms of taste and tenderness(P < 0.05), but the effect of the 1% GP on meat sensory quality was not significant. The results of this study indicate that GP could be used as a favorable feed additive for production of sensory-enhanced broiler meats.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.515-524
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• 2000

The present study was conducted to investigate the phage types(PT) of Salmonella enteritidis(SE) isolated from animals and human patients in Korea during the period 1993-1999. SE were isolated from chickens including the layer and broiler, duck, rat, swine and human patients in nationwide scale. A total of 231 non-human and 14 human SE strains were phage typed and 80.4%(197/245) of SE isolates tested could discriminate as a ten SEPTs including the RDNC by the 10 standard phages, which were brought from the Central Public Health Laboratory in England. In analysing of phage types both animal and human SE isolates, SEPT 4(55.4%) was the most prevalent in domestic animals including the layer(39.3%) and broiler(64.5%), duck(55.5%), and swine(75.0%) since 1993. About 57% of the S enteritidis from human was SEPT 4. Along with SEPT 4, SEPT 1, SEPT 6a, SEPT 7 and SEPT 7a var, SEPT 9b, SEPT 15, SEPT 21b and SEPT 22 were also found from animal and human SE isolates. SEPT 4(40.0%) was isolated from frozen chicken meats imported from China along with SEPT 7 and 7a var strains in this study. In conclusion, SEPT 4 was the most predominant SEPT in our country regardless of animal or human hosts including the Che-Ju island and almost exclusively found in domestic poultry(layer and broiler). During the review period, SEPT 4 has already been spreading continually among the animal hosts since 1993.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1159-1168
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• 2012

The experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of Alisma canaliculatum with probiotics (ACP) on the growth performance, meat composition, oxidative stability, and fatty acid composition of broiler meat. Sixteen probiotic strains were tested for their levels of acid, bile, and heat tolerance. Among them, Lactobacillus acidophilus KCTC 3111, Enterococcus faecium KCTC 2022, Bacillus subtilis KCTC 3239, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCTC 7928 were selected for use in ACP. Exactly 140 Ross broiler chicks were assigned to four dietary treatments in five replications for 5 wks in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments were NC (Negative control; basal diet), PC (Positive control; basal diet with 0.005% Chlortetracycline), ACP-0.5% (basal diet with 0.5% ACP powder), and ACP-1% (basal diet with 1% ACP powder). According to the results, body weight of the broilers increased, and feed conversion ratio improved in the ACP-0.5% group compared to the NC group (p<0.05). Crude protein content of breast meat was higher (p<0.05) in the ACP-0.5% group, whereas crude fat content of thigh meat was lower (p<0.05) in the supplemented groups. Breast meat absolute and relative weights were both higher (p<0.05) in the ACP groups compared to the control group. Further, ACP diets increased gizzard and decreased large intestine relative weights, whereas kidney relative weight decreased upon the addition of a higher level (1%) of ACP (p<0.05). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values of breast and thigh meats were reduced (p<0.05) by ACP supplementation compared to control. Regarding the fatty acid composition of breast meat, arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, PUFA, and n6 fatty acid levels decreased (p<0.05) in the ACP groups, whereas the levels of linoleic acid, PUFA, PUFA/SFA, and n6 fatty acid in thigh meat decreased (p<0.05) by ACP and PC diets. It can be suggested based on the study results that ACP-0.5% diet could be an effective feed additive for broilers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.1585-1591
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• 2001

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of early feed restriction on growth, fat accumulation and meat composition in unsexed broiler chickens. Five hundred 7-day old unsexed broiler chickens were distributed into ten treatment groups with 5 pens of 10 broilers each group. One group was fed ad libitum as the control group and other nine groups were fed 25% ad libitum for 3, 6 or 9 days, 50% ad libitum for 3, 6 or 9 days, and 75% ad libitum for 3, 6 or 9 days, respectively. Thereafter, they were fed ad libitum to 56 days of age. The present results showed that broilers showed compensatory growth when they were restrict-refed. Feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in broilers fed 25% ad libitum for 9 days (p<0.05). Triglyceride concentration of serum was significantly lower in restricted unsexed broilers (p <0.01), whereas cholesterol concentration was not significantly different. Abdominal fat was significantly lower in broilers fed 25% ad libitum for 9 days, 50% ad libitum for 3 days and 75% ad libitum for 6 or 9 days (p<0.05). Moisture and protein contents of meats were not significantly affected. Ash content of meat was significantly higher in restricted broilers. Fat content of meat was lower in broilers fed 25% ad libitum for 9 days, 75% ad libitum for 3 to 9 days. In conclusion, broilers showed compensatory growth when they were restrict-refed at an early age. In order to achieve the success of early feed restriction (namely reduce fat accumulation and improve feed conversion ratio with comparable body weight at market age), unsexed broilers should be fed at level of 25 ad libi=tum for 9 days starting at 7 days of age.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.101-109
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• 2010

This experiment was designated to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with various concentrations of oriental herbal natural extract, Galla Rhois (GR), on growth performance and meat quality on broiler chickens. A total of 80 two-day-old broiler chicks were randomly designated to four groups, GR 0% diet (control), GR 0.10%, 0.25%, and 0.50%-treated diet, composed 20 chicks and fed a standard diet supplemented with GR and monitored the growth performance every 5 days during 30 days. Body weight gain (BWG) in all treated groups was increased compared to control group during overall period, showing significant (P<0.05) increase in GR 0.25% and 0.50% independent on concentration, though all group represented a similar level of feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR). In analysis of the crude proteins and fatty acid composition in leg and breast meats in control, GR 0.10% and GR 0.50%, there was no significant difference for crude proteins and fatty acid composition in leg meats among 3 groups. Whereas the crude proteins and fatty acid composition in breast meat in GR 0.50% showed significantly higher than those of control (P<0.05). Furthermore, the composition of a-linoleic acid (C18:3n-3) and conjugated linoleic acid, which are known as anticancer and antioxidative fatty acids, are higher than those of control. These results demonstrate that Galla Rhois appears to improve growth performance, feed efficiency and meat quality on broiler chickens, focusing on potential use as a dietary supplement.