• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.652-661
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• 2021

Objective: Wooden breast (WB) is a novel myopathy affecting modern broiler chickens, which causes substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of WB abnormality on meat quality, redox status, as well as the expression of genes of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Methods: A total of 80 broilers (Ross 308, 42 days of age, about 2.6 kg body weight) raised at Jiujin farm (Suqian, Jiangsu, China) were used. Twelve unaffected (no detectable hardness of the breast area) and twelve WB-affected (diffuse remarkable hardness in the breast muscle) birds were selected from the commercial broiler farm according to the criteria proposed by previous studies. Results: The results indicated that WB showed histological lesions characterized by fiber degeneration and fibrosis, along with an increase of muscle fiber diameter (p<0.05). Moreover, higher pH value, lightness, yellowness, drip loss and cooking loss were observed in the WB group (p<0.05). Compared with the normal breast (NOR) group, the WB group showed higher formation of reactive oxygen species (p<0.05), increased level of oxidation products and antioxidant activities (p<0.05), accompanied with mitochondrial damages and lower mitochondrial membrane potential (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the relative mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant genes including heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H qui none dehydrogenase 1, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and glutamate-cysteine ligase were higher than those of the NOR group (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, WB myopathy impairs meat quality by causing oxidative damages and mitochondrial dysfunction in broilers, even though the activated Nrf2/antioxidant response element pathway provides protection for the birds.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of vitamin E and nanoparticle-sized vitamin E (NVE) in a broiler diet on growth performance, blood profiles, and meat quality. A total of 45 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers (initial body weight of 37.00 ± 0.41 g) were used in this experiment for 28 days. All broilers were randomly allocated into three dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were as follows: a basal diet (CON), a basal diet supplementing with 380 mg/kg of vitamin E (T1), and a basal diet supplementing with 380 mg/kg of NVE (T2). Each treatment had five replicates with three birds per cage. On days 0-7, the T1 and T2 groups significantly increased (P<0.05) body weight gain compared to the CON group. Also, the T1 and T2 groups significantly increased (P<0.05) vitamin E content in blood and breast meat compared to the CON group. In shearing force, the T2 group showed a lower tendency (P=0.070) than the CON group. The T1 group showed a higher tendency (P=0.086) in the b* (yellowness) value than the T2 group. On day 7 after the end of the experiment, the T2 group significantly decreased (P<0.05) TBA values compared to the CON group. In conclusion, supplementation with vitamin E or NVE can improve broiler growth performance in the starter period, reduce TBA value through the antioxidant action of vitamin E, prevent lipid oxidation, and improve shelf life.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.409-415
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 Ross 208 종의 broiler 31,800수를 대조구와 복합 효소제 첨가구로 나누어 5주간에 걸쳐 대조구는 옥수수-대두박을 기초로 한 시판 육계사료를 급여하고, 시험구는 ${\beta}-glucanase$를 강화한 복합 효소제를 0.3% 첨가 급여하여 생산성과 혈청성분과 육질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 시험기간 동안의 각 시험구의 증체량 및 사료 효율, 생산지수, 육성율을 측정하였고 무작위로 각 시험구당 20수를 선발하여 혈청 콜레스테롤 및 glucose 농도를 측정하였다. 또 ND와 IBD 항원을 음용 투여한 브로일러의 ND와 IBD에 대한 항체역가를 조사하였으며, 육질검사로 도체의 pH 및 육색, 가열감량, 보수력, 전단력을 측정하였다. 사육시험 결과, 0.3% 복합 효소제 시험구가 대조구에 비해 평균체중 19%, 생산지수 6.8%, 사료효율 5.5%, 육성율 5%의 증가를 나타내었다. 복합 효소제 시험구는 대조구보다 혈청내 HDL-콜레스테롤 양을 증가시키고 glucose의 양을 감소시켰다. 육계 혈청 내 ND 및 IBD 항원에 대한 항체역가도 복합 효소제 시험구가 대조구보다 높았다. 육질검사에 있어서는 복합 효소제 시험구가 대조구보다 육색과 전단력은 차이가 없었으나 보수력(p<0.05)과 가열감량이 개선되는 결과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로부터 ${\beta}-glucanase$ 활성을 강화한 복합 효소제의 첨가 급여는, 육계의 생산성과 혈청성분과 면역기능과 육질을 개선시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1510-1518
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• 2010

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lighting schedule and nutrient density on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 576 day old Arbor Acre male chickens was used with a $4{\times}2$ factorial arrangement. The four lighting schedules were continuous (23 L:1 D, CL), 20 L:4 D (12 L:2 D:8 L:2 D), 16 L:8 D (12 L:3 D:2 L:3 D: 2 L:2 D) and 12 L:12 D (9 L:3 D:1 L:3 D:1 L:3 D:1 L:3 D) and provided by incandescent bulbs. The two nutrient densities were high (H, starter diet: 13.39 MJ/kg apparent metabolisable energy (AME), 23.00% crude protein (CP); finisher diet: 13.39 MJ AME/kg, 19.70% CP) and low energy and protein level (L, starter diet: 12.03 MJ AME/kg, 20.80% CP; finisher diet: 12.14 MJ AME/kg, 18.30% CP). Houses with dark curtains and solid sidewalls were used. Chickens were randomly allocated to the 8 treatments with each treatment comprising 6 replicates of 12 chickens. Feed and water were available ad libitum. Lighting schedules showed no difference (p>0.05) in growth performance at the end of the experiment. 12 L:12 D significantly reduced (p<0.05) the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to 23 L:1 D treatment. Intermittent lighting (IL) schedules produced higher protein content (p<0.001) in breast meat. Birds on high density diets had higher body weight (BW), feed intake (FI) (p<0.001), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p<0.001) throughout the experiment with the exception of 36 to 42 d. High nutrient density increased (p<0.05) abdominal fat, decreased (p<0.05) the moisture loss of meat, and reduced percentage of wings and legs. There was a significant lighting schedule${\times}$diet interaction (p<0.001) on FCR for days 8 to 14 and 15 to 21. Results indicated that IL can give similar growth performance in comparison with CL, meanwhile with positive effects on meat quality by increasing protein content and decreasing the concentration of MDA. High nutrient density resulted in greater growth performance.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2014

본 시험은 육계에 홍삼박과 겨우살이를 급여하여 5주간 사육한 육계의 생산성과 계육의 일반 성분, 혈액 성상, pH, TBARS, 보수성, 전단력 및 육색을 조사하였다. 실험구는 홍삼박과 겨우살이를 급여하지 않은 처리구를 대조구, 홍삼박 0.5% 급여구는 T1, 홍삼박 1% 급여구는 T2, 겨우살이 0.5% 급여구는 T3, 그리고 겨우살이 1% 급여구를 T4 등 4개 처리구로 나누어 사양하였다. 육계의 생산성은 처리구간 유의적인 변화는 없었고, 폐사율은 대조구보다 홍삼박과 겨우살이 급여구에서 낮아졌다(P<0.05). 계육의 수분, 조단백질 및 조회분 등의 일반 성분은 유의성이 없었으며, 조지방은 홍삼박과 겨우살이 급여구에서 낮았다. 육계의 혈액 성상 중 총 콜레스테롤과 LDL-cholesterol 함량은 대조구보다 홍삼박과 겨우살이 급여구에서 감소하였고, HDL-cholesterol은 증가하였으며, triglyceride와 glucose 함량은 유의한 변화가 없었다. TBARS는 대조구보다 홍삼박과 겨우살이 급여구에서 유의하게 낮아, 육계의 저장성 개선에 도움이되리라 생각된다. 육색은 CIE $L^*$값과 CIE $b^*$값은 홍삼박과 겨우살이 급여에 의한 변화는 없었지만, CIE $a^*$값은 T4에서 증가하였다. 결론적으로 홍삼박과 겨우살이를 급여하면 육계의 폐사율이 낮아지고, 총콜레스테롤과 LDL-cholesterol 함량이 감소하며, HDL-cholesterol이 증가함으로 혈액성상을 개선할 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.711-720
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• 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the effect of potassium humate and enzymes (Xylanase+Amylase+Protease) inclusion in diets on carcass characteristics, meat quality and fatty acid profiles of broilers fed canola-based diets. Methods: Two hundred and twenty broilers randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments: the control (commercial broiler diet); CM (17.5% canola meal inclusion); CMEnz (17.5% CM inclusion+0.3 g/kg Axtra XAP); CMPh (17.5% CM inclusion+1.5% Potassium Humate, PH); and CMEnzPh (17.5% CM inclusion+1.5% PH+0.3 g/kg Axtra XAP) were slaughtered at day 42 for assessment of carcass and meat quality parameters. Results: Diet had no effect on carcass traits apart from breast muscle weight and breast muscle index. The highest breast muscle weight was observed in broilers fed CMEnz ($487.6{\pm}17.5g$) followed by those fed the control diet ($474.37{\pm}17.5g$). Diet also had no significant dietary effect on pH, temperature, drip loss and shear force values of the breast muscle. However, diet significantly affected meat colour and water-holding capacity. Broilers in the control and CMPh groups ($52.94{\pm}0.67$ and $52.91{\pm}0.67$) had the highest (p<0.05) values for lightness ($L^*$), whilst those fed CMEnzPh had the lowest value ($47.94{\pm}0.67$). In contrast, CM group had the lowest (p<0.05) value for redness ($a^*$) with CMEnzPh group having the highest values. The proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), n-6 and n-3 fatty acids and the PUFA/saturated fatty acid ratio were increased in CM-based diets containing enzymes and humic acid. Conclusion: It can, therefore, be concluded that CM can be included in broiler diets in the presence of enzymes and humic acid with positive effects on meat quality and important fatty acids that are beneficial to the health of consumers.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2013

본 시험은 동애동에의 공급이 육계의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 시험 가축으로는 육계 초생추 병아리를 이용하였으며, 3처리 4반복 반복 당 30수씩 총 360수를 공시하였다. 시험설계는 대조구(C), 동애등에 분말 3%(T1), 6%(T2) 첨가구로 배치하였다. 시험사료는 옥수수와 대두박을 기초로 에너지와 영양소 수준은 NRC(1994) 요구량을 충족시켜 주었으며 육계 전기(3,100 kcal/kg ME, CP 22.0%) 및 육계 후기(3,100 kcal/kg ME, CP 20.0%) 사료로 나누어 공급하였다. 생산성 조사 결과 생존율은 각 처리구간 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 시험이 종료되는 5주령 체중 및 증체량에서는 대조구가 가장 무거웠으나 통계적으로 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 사료섭취량은 체중이 가장 무거웠던 대조구에서 사료섭취량이 많았으며 사료요구율도 체중이 무거웠던 대조구가 낮은 사료요구율을 보였다. 부분육 수율은 동애 등에를 급여한 처리구가 대조구에 비해 도체율을 비롯한 부분육 수율이 높은 경향을 보였으며, 가슴수율에서는 동애 등에를 6% 급여한 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높은 수율을 보였다(P<0.05). 동애등에의 첨가에 따른 계육내 지방산 조성에 대한 결과는 대조구와 비교 시 처리구에서 지방산 가운데 축산물에 다량 함유되어 있는 것으로 보고된 바 있는 불포화지방산 중 하나인 올레산(Oleic acid, 18 : 1n-9)과 포화지방산 중 팔미트산(Palmitic acid, 18 : 0)의 함량이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.805-810
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• 2011

본 연구는 대나무 숯과 대나무 잎의 급여가 육계의 성장과 사료효율 및 육질에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 30일간 각각 0.5%의 농도로 급여하였다. 시험결과, 대숯과 대잎 시험군에서 시험기간 중 사망률은 대조군에 비해 낮아진 반면, 출하 시 체중과 증체량은 대조군에 비해 유의성 있게 증가하였다. 또한 대조군에 비해 대숯과 대잎 시험군의 사료효율도 개선되었으며, 계육의 전단력은 대조군에 비해 유의성 있게 감소하였다. 대숯을 급여한 닭에서의 지방함량은 통계학적 차이는 없었으나 감소경향을 나타낸 반면, 대숯과 대잎을 급여한 닭에서의 불포화 지방산 비율은 증가경향을 나타내었다. 계육의 관능검사 결과, 대숯과 대잎 시험군의 선호도는 대조군에 비해 높게 나타났다. 혈액 및 혈청생화학 검사항목에서는 대조군과 시험군간에 유의성 있는 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 본 시험결과는 대나무 숯과 대나무 잎의 사료첨가 급여가 육계의 성장과 사료효율 및 육질을 개선시키는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 사료첨가제로서 대나무 숯과 대나무 잎의 유용성과 개발가능성을 시사해 주고 있다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권6호
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• pp.1226-1241
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• 2023

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral that plays an important role in physiological processes by regulating the antioxidant defense system and enhancing immunity. Chromium is an essential mineral involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and also plays a role in maintaining normal insulin function. Based on these advantages, we hypothesized that the addition of selenomethionine (SeMet) and organic chromium (OC) to broiler diets would increase Se deposition, antioxidant capacity and immune response in meat. Therefore, this study analyzed the effects of OC and SeMet on growh performance, nutrients digestibility, blood profiles, intestinal morphology, meat quality characteristics, and taxonomic analysis of broilers. A total of 168 one-day-old broiler chicken (Arbor Acres) were randomly allotted to 3 groups based on the initial body weight of 37.33 ± 0.24 g with 7 replicate per 8 birds (mixed sex). The experiments period was 28 days. Dietary treatments were folloewd: Basal diets based on corn-soybean meal (CON), basal diet supplemented with 0.2 ppm OC and 0.2 ppm SeMet (CS4), and basal diet supplemented with 0.4 ppm OC and 0.4 ppm SeMet (CS8). Supplementation of OC and SeMet did not affect on growth performance, nutrient digestibility. However, CS8 supplementation increased in duodenum villus height and villus height : crypt depth, and increased in breast meat Se deposition. In addition, CS8 group showed higher uric acid and total antioxidant status than CON group. Taxonomic analysis at phylum level revealed that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes of CS4 and CS8 were lower than CON group. In genus level, the relative abundance of fecal Lactobacillus and Enterococcus of CS4 and CS8 groups were higher than CON group. In short, 0.4 ppm OC and 0.4 ppm SeMet supplementation to broiler diet supporitng positive gut microbiome change, also enhancing antioxidant capacity, and Se deposition in breast meat.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.1246-1250
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• 1999

Rabbits (48) of Soviet chinchilla (24) and White giant (24) were fed from 6 weeks to 12 weeks of age intensively on either of four isonitrogenous - isocaloric diets containing 0 ($D_1$), 5($D_2$), 10($D_3$) and 20($D_4$) percent raw neem seed kernel cake (NSKC), respectively as per NRC (1977) requirements in a Randomized block design and slaughtered at the end to find out differences in their carcass traits due to NSKC feeding. Dietary treatment had no significant effect on weight of edibles and inedibles and their percentages and dressing percentage in terms of carcass, carcass with pluck and carcass with pluck and head. Similarly, the meat-bone ratio of various primal cuts and overall carcass, yield of edibles per unit of inedibles and eye muscle area were not influenced due to the dietary variations. Chemical composition of fresh meat, and organoleptic evaluation of cooked meat with and without salt did not vary significantly due to incorporation of NSKC in the diets. The rabbits fed 20% NSKC ($D_4$) though consumed more (p<0.05) DM and DE per kg meat production, the intake of crude protein and total digestible nutrients was similar with other dietary treatments. Feed cost per unit meat production was, however, lower on 5 and 10% NSKC containing diets by 7.75 and 12.56%, respectively, as compared to deoiled ground nut cake containing control diet. It appears that NSKC could be used as a wholesome vegetable protein supplement upto 10% in diet of rabbits without any adverse effect on commercial carcass traits.