• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 1997

Author investigated internal parasitism for the feces of dog's training center, breeding-dog farm, dairy farm, home by 120 indoor breeding dog and 566 outdoor one in Inchon area. This survey was done from February in 1994 to December in 1995. 1. As a result of total 686 samples, positives were 373(54.4%). Among them, indoor and outdoor breeding dogs were 21(3.1%) 352(51.3%), respectively. 2. According to breeding, it was manifested that 21samples (17.5%) of 120 indoor breeding dogs were positive, and 352 samples(62.2%) of outdoor breeding were positive. 3. The infection rate of dogs for food in dairy farm, breeding dogs in the farm, dog of training center and dog of house is high in order. 4. Infection rate of parasites in 24 dogs breeds, Mongrel dogs were 81.3%, Shepherds were 80.0%, Tosas were 78.4%, Akida and Siberian huskys were 76.2%, Jindos were 55.5%, Pointers were 50.0%, although Afghan hound, Spanial, Shin-tzu, Maltis and Buldog were examined as aparasites negative. 5. After administration with vermicide parasites infection rate were 43.0% in two months. In four months, it were 66.7%, and dogs without vermicide were 87.0%. It seemed like that further research about dosage of vermicide is needed. 6. The rate of single-infection was 37.6% and that of mixed-infection was 16.8%. Among classified 13 types, Ancylostoma caninum 35.6%, Toxocara cams 11.2%, Isospora sp 9.3%, Toxascaris leonina 5.1%, Trychuris vulpis 4.4% were investigated.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.984-991
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• 2018

The beef industry is an important part of livestock and meat production in China. China ranks third in the world for beef production. With the rapid development of the Chinese economy, beef consumption has grown rapidly, and beef consumption has been increasing with rising per capita gross domestic production. However, the domestic beef industry in China has not been able to keep pace with growth in consumption, making China a net importer of beef from other countries. Moreover, the volume of production has increased little despite rising demand. The slowing of growth in beef production in recent years has led to a sharp rise in beef prices. Domestic beef production and consumption is restricted by a shortage of beef cattle inventory. The Chinese beef industry is facing many technical problems including transformation of traditional practices, feeding and management systems, and genetic improvement of cattle breeds. The long-term, sustainable development of the Chinese beef industry is an important issue for China.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 1993

This study was conducted to determine the main effects of the parity and farrowing season on gestation length and newborn pigs on the basis of the data obtained from 234 litters of Landrace breeds raised at an integrated swine farm in Kyunggy province from January 1991 to December 1992. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; 1. The average gestation length was 115.37 days, and 114.64 days of 8th parity and over was shorter than those of other parities. 2. The averages of litter size and litter size alive per sow were 9.91 and 9.50 heads. The litter size horn at 1st parity was smaller than at other parities, and the litter size in spring was larger than in summer, autumn or winter. 3. The averages of birth weight per litter and pig were 13.53 kg and 1.37 kg. The effect of farrowing season for each litter weight(p<0.01) and pig weight(p<0.05) at birth was significantly higher in spring than other seasons. 4. Incidence of malformation and stillbirth at birth was 4. 10%, and it at 8th parity and over showed the highest rate(7.50%).

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.139-143
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• 2005

The implications of temperature (25, 30 and $35^{\circ}C$) and relative humidity (RH; 60, 70 and $80\%$) on the hatching rhythmicity and hatching parameters (percentage and duration) were studied in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. under natural photoperiod (LD 12 : 12). Disease free layings (DFLs) of two pure silkworm breeds, Pure Mysore (PM, a multivoltine breed) and $NB_4D_2$ (a bivoltine breed), and their hybrid, $PM{\times}NB_4D_2$ were introduced into the experimental conditions on the $3^{rd}$ day of oviposition till completion of hatching. The hatching rhythm was predominantly diurnal under all temperature and humidity conditions, with peaks just after 'lights-on' phase (6 hrs). Extreme temperature and humidity conditions did not alter the hatching rhythmicity, but prolonged the hatching durations, extending it to the next day, coupled with reduced hatching percentage in PM and $PM{\times}NB_4D_2{\cdot}In\;NB_4D_2$, on the other hand, hatching did not extend to the next day. Hatching percentage in this breed, however, reduced below the economic level under high temperature and low humidity conditions. The high temperature and low humidity together, though did not alter the rhythmicity, seems to exert synergetic effect on the hatching percentage and its duration in the silkworm, B. mori.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2005

The mode of transmission, effect on fecundity, hatching and tissues specificity of a microsporidian $(Lb_{ms})$ recovered from Lamerin breed of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. was studied and compared with standard strain Nosema bombycis. Peroral inoculation of $Lb_{ms}$ or N. bombycis to zeroday of $4^{th}$ instar larvae of silkworm was the most suitable method for producing information on development of stage specific mortality, pupation and obtaining infected adults for transovarial transmission studies. It was observed that pupal mortality, the percentage of moths emerged and the percentage of moths infected were significantly high in N. bombycis infected batches as compared $(Lb_{ms})$ in all the three tested breeds of the silkworm. However no significant difference was observed in larval mortality. The fecundity and hatchability was not affected significantly in $(Lb_{ms})$ infected adults, however significant reduction in egg production, fecundity, hatchability and increased egg retention was observed in mother moths infected with N. bombycis. The $(Lb_{ms})$ is transmitted both horizontally and vertically at lower rate due to its low rate of proliferation. The trans ovarial transmission of $(Lb_{ms})$ to the $F_1$ progeny generation through eggs averaged only $61.33\pm5.10\%$ whereas N. bombycis was transmitted at $100\%$. The $(Lb_{ms})$ had low oral infectivity and low transovarial transmission in silkworm B. mori.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2005

To determine the level of heterosis, higher cocoon shell weight multivoltine congenic lines (Con. L) and bivoltine syngenic lines (Syn. L) of silkworm were used for crosses. First filial generations $(F_1s)$ expressed heterobeltiotic genetic interaction at significant magnitude (p < 0.01) for single cocoon shell weight (SCSW). The other linked characters viz., single cocoon weight (SCW) and yield by weight per 10, 000 larvae were also significantly higher (p < 0.01) than the better parental lines. All the hybrids showed significant improvement for these aforesaid characters over standard heterosis (Standard check). The reeling parameters viz., filament length, raw silk, neatness, cohesionstrokes etc, also showed improvement among the hybrids than check in congenial environment. Overall results suggested that the cross between congenic and syngenic lines provide better heterosis with good quality silk than conventional hybrids and may be used for commercial exploitation.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2003

The implications of temperature $(25, 30 and 35{\times}1^{\circ}C)$ and relative humidity $(60, 70 and 80{\times}2%)$ on the moulting pattern, moulting duration and moulting survival were studied in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Larvae of two pure silkworm breeds, Pure Mysore (PM) and NB$_4$D$_2$and their hybrid, $PM{\times}NB_{4} D_{2}$ were reared under experimental conditions under natural day photoperiodic (LD 12:12) condition. Two developmental marker events in the fourth moulting, settling for moult (SM) and completion of moult (CM) occurred at or around the middle of the photophase. The computed mean vector (equation omitted), based on the circular statistics also confirmed the above. Temperature and humidity did not alter the moulting rhythmicity much. However, extreme temperature and humidity conditions reduced moulting survival in PM and $PM {\times}NB_{4} D_{2}$. Further, moulting survival reduced below the economic level in $NB_{4} D_{2}$. The temperature and humidity together seem to exert synergic impact on the moulting survival of the silkworm Bombyx mori, at least in $NB_{4} D_{2}$.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.205-213
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• 2009

In order for further systematic maintenance of silkworm stocks kept in Korea we analyzed character quality of a diverse array of silkworm strains originated from several sericulture-practicing countries. The analysis of about ten qualitative characters from 67 strains (13 of Japanese strains, 15 of Chinese strains, 14 of European strains, 6 of Korean and Tropical strains, and 19 of unknown origin) revealed a significant difference in the ten different qualitative characters among silkworm strains. In the analysis of quantitative characters, Japanese and European strains were highest in hatchability, the Korean and Tropical strains were highest in pupation rate, and unknown origin and Chinese strains were highest in cocoon yield and number of egg laid. With the connection of molecular genetic analysis the current data may provide the advanced ground for further systematic maintenance of valuable genetic resources of silkworms, although more breeds should be investigated for further complete pictures.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2012

To meet the local requirement i.e. the tropical stress of Andhra Pradesh and marginal farmers, twenty four new hybrid combinations were tested in Line x Tester method involving eight newly developed polyvoltine oval lines viz., MSO1, MSO2, MSO3, MSO4, MSO5, MSO6, MSO7 and MSO8 and three bivoltine silkworm breeds viz., APS12, APS45 and APS8 as testers. These hybrids were reared to evaluate their performance. Data for eight economically important metric traits viz., fecundity, cocoon yield per 10,000 larvae by number, cocoon yield per 10,000 larvae by weight, survival rate, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio and filament length was recorded. General combining ability (gca), specific combining ability (sca) and heterosis were analyzed. Further, the relative merit of the hybrids for all the traits under study was also assessed adopting Evaluation Index method. Based on combining ability effects, heterosis and evaluation index, five hybrid combinations viz., MSO3 $\times$ APS45, MSO1 $\times$ APS12, MSO7 $\times$ APS8, MSO2 $\times$ APS45 and MSO1 $\times$ APS45 were selected for further evaluation in different seasons.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.121-128
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• 2000

The effects of cryosurgery on tear production and histological changes of the third eyelid were studied in dogs. Clinically normal 12 mixed breeds weighing 2∼6 kg were divided into three groups and treated as follows; 45 seconds double freeze-thaw treated group, 60 seconds double freeze-thaw treated group and 90 seconds double freeze-thaw treated group. The significant decrease of the tear production after cryosurgery was shown in all groups throughout the observed periods(p<0.05). However, there was no difference among groups. The main complications after cryosurgery were chemosis and conjunctival injection. Other complications such as eyelid edema, eyelid depigmentation and keratitis were more preominent in group III compared to those of groups I and II. On histopathological examination, chronic inflammatory changes and regeneration of the third eyelid glands were noted in group I and predominated loss of the third eyelid glands and necrosis of hyaline cartilage were observed in group III However, such changes were less appeared in group II. The results of this study suggested that double freeze-thaw cryosurgery for 60 seconds on the third eyelid glands would be the most effective method for treating tear staining syndrome.