• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.647-655
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• 1996

In discussing the effects of adenoids on the development of the face and dentition, it is important to note their influence on the mode of breathing and to relate this to specific facial types and dentition. This study, therefore, assumed that the ability to adapt to individual's neuromuscular complex is various. And tried to investigate the effects of reduced nasal respiratory function on the development of dentition by facial type. This paper is based on children patients with enlarged adenoids and comparing them to data taken from a control group with normal respiratory function. Among the three facial types, the most statistical significant difference was observed from dolichofacial type between experimental and control group. In dolichofacial type, the experimental group showed labioversion of upper incisor, decrease in the width of upper arch, increase in overjet, increase in the rate of cross-bite, and increase in the height of palatal vault. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in the inclination of upper and lower incisors in mesofacial type, but the experimental group was observed to show decrease in the width of upper arch and increase in the height of palatal vault. On the other hand, in brachyfacial type, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in dentition variables except showing linguoversion of upper incisor. The results, which were observed in dolichofacial type, consist with Nordlund's theory of Compression.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2023

Objective: The practice of breathing exercises involves altering the depth and frequency of respiration. Strengthening respiratory muscles plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and well-being. The efficiency of the respiratory system affects not only physical activity but also various physiological processes including cardiovascular health, lung function, and cognitive abilities. The study evaluated the reliability of the developed device for inspiratory/expiratory training using pressure sensors and Bluetooth connectivity with a smartphone application. Design: Design & development research Methods: The research methodology involved connecting a custom-made respiratory sensor to an IMT-PEP BIC Breath device. Various pressure conditions were measured, and statistical analyses were performed to assess reliability and consistency. Results showed high Intraclass Coefficient Correlation (ICC) values for both inspiratory and expiratory pressures, indicating strong test-retest reliability. The device was designed for ease of use and wireless monitoring through a smartphone app. Results: This study conducted at expiratory pressure confirmed the proper operation of the IMT/PEP breathing trainer at the specified pressure setting in the product. The pressure sensor demonstrated high test-retest reliability with an ICC value of 0.999 for both expiratory and inspiratory pressure measurements. Conclusions: The developed respiratory training device measured and monitored inspiratory and expiratory pressures, demonstrating its reliability for respiratory training. The system could be utilized to record training frequency and intensity, providing potential benefits for patients requiring respiratory interventions. Further research is needed to assess the full potential of the device in diverse populations and applications.

• 대한방사선치료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한방사선치료학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.15-15
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• 2004

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.234-240
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of breathing exercises and lumbar segmental exercises on the segmental stability of patients with chronic back pain. Methods: Fifty-nine patients, who suffered from chronic low back pain, were enrolled in this examination. They were divided randomly into three groups: experiment group 1 underwent breathing and segmental stabilization exercises (n=20), experiment group 2 experienced segmental stabilization exercises (n=20), and the control group was given the modality treatment (n=19). The measurements were assessed through an Oswestry disability questionnaire (ODQ), as well as a lumbar segmental instability test (LSIT). Results: The ODQ results for experimental groups 1 and 2 were similar (p<0.05), both before and after six weeks of exercise, but different among the three groups (p>0.05). The differences in segmental instability of each of the three groups were similar (p<0.05), and also similar among the three groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that lumbar segmental stabilization exercises are efficient in increasing the segmental stability and alleviating pain in patients with chronic back pain. Additional studies on this subject will be needed to improve the clinical applications in the future.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2020

Purpose : The enhancement of abdominal muscles increases the activation and contraction of respiratory muscles, including the diaphragm. Generally, diaphragm exercises are applied to increase the breathing ability of patients with respiratory disease. Previous studies have shown that breathing capacity can be increased through abdominal muscle strengthening exercises. However, studies on breathing ability are rare and it is doubtful whether these affect respiratory ability more than diaphragm exercises. Therefore, this study seeks to compare whether abdominal exercises can improve breathing ability and whether any increase is comparable to diaphragm exercises. Methods : After selecting subjects, the place of intervention was separated for blindness. The plank group was allowed to relax for 30 seconds after 30 seconds of planking; this was set at three and increased by one set each week. Subjects in the draw-in group were allowed to relax for 30 seconds after maintaining the draw-in contraction state for 30 seconds and this was done for 15 minutes. Subjects in the control group underwent abdominal dilation for five seconds of inspiration time and expired air for five seconds by exposing the lips; breathing was performed repeatedly for 15 minutes. Subjects in each group measured their respiration function three times before intervention, three weeks after the commencement of intervention and after intervention. Spirovit SP-1 was used to measure respiratory function. In each group, repeated ANOVA was used to compare the respiratory function over time and one-way ANOVA was used to compare the respiratory function between groups. The post hoc was conducted using the LSD method. Results : There was a significant increase in respiratory ability between the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) and peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁)/forced vital capacity (FVC) according to the six-week period. However, there was no difference between each group. Conclusion : For patients with low respiratory muscle strength, plank exercises and abdominal draw-in are beneficial exercises for improving respiratory function. These are expected to be widely used in clinical practice for patients with weak respiratory muscles.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.300-308
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• 2009

In a pursuit of the development of alternative mobile power sources with a high energy density, a planar and air-breathing PEMFCs with a new type of hydrogen cartridge which uses onsite $H_2$ generated from sodium borohydride ($NaBH_4$) hydrolysis have been investigated for use in advanced power systems. Two types of $H_2$ generation through $NaBH_4$ hydrolysis are available: (1) using organic acids such as sulphuric acid, malic acid, and sodium hydrogen carbonate in aqueous solution with solid $NaBH_4$ and (2) using solid selected catalysts such as Pt, Ru, CoB into the stabilized alkaline $NaBH_4$ solution. It might therefore be relevant at this stage to evaluate the relative competitiveness of the two methods mentioned above. The effects of flow rate of stabilized $NaBH_4$ solution, MEA (Membrane Electrode Assembly) improvement, and type and flow control of the catalytic acidic solution have been studied and the cell performances of the planar, air-breathing PEMFCs using $NaBH_4$ has been measured from aspects of power density, fuel efficiency, energy density, and fast response of cell. In our experiments, planar, air-breathing PEMFCs using $NaBH_4$ achieved to maximum power density of 128mW/$cm^2$ at 0.7V and energy efficiency of 46% and has many advantages such as low operating temperature, sustained operation at a high power density, compactness, the potential for low cost and volume, long stack life, fast star-up and suitability for discontinuous operation.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study examined the correlation between the visual analog scale (VAS) and the rate of change in the respiration patterns according to the result of Lumbar Instability Tests (LITs) in young people with chronic low back pain (CLBP) METHODS: Thirty-six adults, aged 20-40 years with CLBP, participated in this study. The general characteristics and VAS of the participants were recorded by the subjects themselves and seven structure and functional LITs were conducted. According to the positive response number, the positive group was divided into four groups (group 1: n=8, group 2: n=9, group 3: n=10, group 4: n=9). The breathing pattern change tests were performed in three states: during forced breathing exercise and motor control tests. A total of 13 positive lists were set, each of which was scored by 1 or 2 points according to the severity. After the positive lists were scored, the breathing pattern changing rate (BPCR) and VAS were compared according to the positive response number of LITs, and the correlation between them was analyzed. RESULTS: A strong correlation was observed between the number of positive of LITs and BPCR (r= .863, p= .000) and a moderate correlation between the positive number of LITs and VAS (r= .508, p= .002). In addition, there was a poor correlation between the BPCR and VAS (r= .434, p= .008). CONCLUSION: In young CLBP people, when the structural and functional instability are both present, the changes in the respiratory pattern of the whole body can be varied and broader, and the pain scale also increases.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2008년도 하계종합학술대회
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• pp.137-140
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• 2008

The purpose of PEEP is to increased effect reparation in lung. Recently trend of technology is possible to have multi-level or to control freely for variety breathing pattern or breathing mode. Those new technology need some issue like electronic controlled actuator(solenoid), PEEP valve of special structure and control software in micro controller. This paper brief to develop actuator(solenoid) and PEEP valve. This development is to make commercial product of MEKICS.Co.LTD Electronic controlled actuator(Solenoid) is to make force depend on current in linear. And force is convert to pressure in PEEP valve. Major technical issue are how to make the valve with continuous force even dough moving and how to optimize to convert force - pressure.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.239-251
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• 2023

In the present study, we aim to use nanotechnology sensors/actuators to capture pressure and frequency of voice singers and to send signals for improving breathing pressure. In this regard, a circular composite structure having 3 different layers are used. The core layer is nano-composite material reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets. The face sheets are piezo electric materials connected to electrical circuit capable of measuring and applying voltage to the piezoelectric layers. This sensors have extremely smaller size than conventional sensors attached to the neck of singer and, hence, minimizes the influences on the output voice of the singer. A brief theoretical framework are presented for nonlocal strain gradient theory and geometry of the sensor is described in detail. The controlling procedure along with experimental results on 20 amateur and professional singer participants are also presented. The results of the study indicate that the participants could gain benefit from the device for improving their ability in phonation and keeping their frequency at a constant level although they have difficulty in the beginning of the experiment getting used to the device.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.539-548
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• 2019

복합호흡운동과 넙다리네갈래근의 신경근전기자극 치료가 중증 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자들의 폐기능과 대뇌겉질 활성도에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 60~80세 중증 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자 20명을 대상으로 실험군은 복합호흡운동과 넙다리네갈래근의 신경근전기자극을, 대조군은 복합호흡운동만을 실시하였다. 사전 검사로 폐기능과 대뇌겉질 활성도를 측정하였고, 중재는 6주 간, 주 4일, 1일 1회, 30분씩 각 집단에 시행한 후, 사후검사를 사전검사와 동일하게 재측정하였다. 그 결과 집단 내 폐기능 변화는 실험군과 대조군 모두 1초간 노력성 날숨량에서 유의한 차이가 있었고(p<.001)(p<.05), 집단 간 폐기능 변화 비교에서 1초간 노력성 날숨량의 변화는 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 집단 내 대뇌겉질의 영역 별 알파파 변화 비교에서는 Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4 영역에서 대조군과 실험군 모두 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.01)(p<.05). 따라서 6주 동안의 복합호흡운동과 넙다리네갈래근의 신경근전기자극은 중증 만성폐쇄성폐질환들의 폐기능을 향상시키고, 대뇌겉질 활성도에서 앞이마부 영역의 알파파가 증가되어 긍정적인 호흡의 변화가 나타났음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 중증의 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자들에게 복합호흡운동 뿐만 아니라 부가적으로 넙다리네갈래근에 신경근전기자극을 병행하면 보다 좋은 치료적 효과를 볼 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.