• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2015

The aim of this study is to synthesize pathological breathy voice and to make a cepstral peak prominence (CPP) table following breathiness ranks by cepstral analysis to supplement reliability of the perceptual auditory judgment task. KlattGrid synthesizer included in Praat was used. Synthesis parameters consist of two groups, i.e., constants and variables. Constant parameters are pitch, amplitude, flutter, open phase, oral formant and bandwidth. Variable parameters are breathiness (BR), aspiration amplitude (AH), and spectral tilt (TL). Five hundred sixty samples of synthetic breathy vowel /a/ for male were created. Three raters participated in ranking of the breathiness. 217 were proved to be inadequate samples from perceptual judgment and cepstral analysis. Finally, 343 samples were selected. These CPP values and other related parameters from cepstral analysis are classified under four breathiness ranks (B0~B3). The mean and standard deviation of CPP is $16.10{\pm}1.15$ dB(B0), $13.68{\pm}1.34$ dB(B1), $10.97{\pm}1.41$ dB(B2), and $3.03{\pm}4.07$ dB(B3). The value of CPP decreases toward the severe group of breathiness because there is a lot of noise and a small quantity of harmonics.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the acoustic characteristics of Parkinsonian speech, with respect to different utterance conditions, by employing acoustic/auditory-perceptual analysis. The subjects of the study were 15 patients (M=7, F=8) with Parkinson's disease who were asked to read out sentences under different utterance conditions (clear/casual). The sentences read out by each subject were recorded, and the recorded speech was subjected to cepstrum and spectrum analysis using Analysis of Dysphonia in Speech and Voice (ADSV). Additionally, auditory-perceptual evaluation of the recorded speech was conducted with respect to breathiness and loudness. Results indicate that in the case of clear speech, there was a statistically significant increase in the cepstral peak prominence (CPP), and a decrease in the L/H ratio SD (ratio of low to high frequency spectral energy SD) and CPP F0 SD values. In the auditory-perceptual evaluation, a decrease in breathiness and an increase in loudness were noted. Furthermore, CPP was found to be highly correlated to breathiness and loudness. This provides objective evidence of the immediate usefulness of clear speech intervention in improving the voice quality of Parkinsonian speech.

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.87-87
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• 1996

객관적인 검사도구인 Dr. Speech Science(DSS)의 음성평가 결과가 갖는 의미를 알아보고자 이 연구를 하였다. 성대결절환자 여자 성인 25명을 대상으로 DSS를 이용한 음성평가와 청각심리적 검사방법인 GRBAS와의 관계를 비교 분석하였다. 청각심리적 검사인 GRBAS의 0, 1, 2, 3의 각 Grade에 따라 DSS의 음성평가의 결과와 비교하였다. DSS의 음성평가 결과로서 Grade가 0, 1, 2인 경우 총 15례중 1례를 제외한 모든 경우에 있어서 hoarseness, harshness, breathiness항목에서 정상소견을 나타냈으며 Grade가 3인 경우에는 총 10례 중 6례에서 hoarseness, harshness, breathiness항목에서 정상소견을 나머지 4례에서는 hoarseness에서 slight한 정도를 보여주었다.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2012

Thyroidectomy patients may have vocal paralysis or paresis, resulting in a breathy voice. The aim of this study was to investigate the aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics of a breathy voice in thyroidectomy patients. Thirty-five subjects who have vocal paralysis after thyroidectomy participated in this study. According to perceptual judgements by three speech pathologists and one phonetic scholar, subjects were divided into two groups: breathy voice group (n = 21) and non-breathy voice group (n = 14). Aerodynamic analysis was conducted by three tasks (Voicing Efficiency, Maximum Sustained Phonation, Vital Capacity) and acoustic analysis was measured during Maximum Sustained Phonation task. The breathy voice group had significantly higher subglottal pressure and more pathological voice characteristics than the non breathy voice group. Showing 94.1% classification accuracy in result logistic regression of aerodynamic analysis, the predictor parameters for breathiness were maximum sound pressure level, sound pressure level range, phonation time of Maximum Sustained Phonation task and Pitch range, peak air pressure, and mean peak air pressure of Voicing Efficiency task. Classification accuracy of acoustic logistic regression was 88.6%, and five frequency perturbation parameters were shown as predictors. Vocal paralysis creates air turbulence at the glottis. It fluctuates frequency-related parameters and increases aspiration in high frequency areas. These changes determine perceptual breathiness.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.173-184
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of manipulating loudness and pitch in terms of speech intelligibility and voice of a patient with Parkinson's Disease. The subject, who was diagnosed as a patient with Parkinson's disease 11 years ago, demonstrated a severely breath voice with low intensity. The accuracy of articulation in consonants was intelligible only at the single word level, and the overall intelligibility in continuous speech was low. The results showed that the subject's articulation accuracy and speech intelligibility was significantly improved after having loudness and pitch training. Habitual Fo, Jitter, Shimmer, Fo tremor, Amp tremor were decreased after training. In addition, the value of HNR also increased after training. It was shown that the changes of these acoustic parameters were closely related to the decrease of breathiness in Parkinson's voice, and this decrease of breathiness affected speech intelligibility considerably. Based on the experimental results, it was claimed that the vocal training by manipulating the loudness and pitch could be highly effective in improving the voice quality and speech intelligibility in Parkinson's Disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2019

Background and Objectives Voice evaluation is classified into subjective tests such as auditory perception and self-measurement, and objective tests such as acoustic and aerodynamic analysis. When evaluating dysphonia, subjective and objective test results do not always match. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between subjective and objective evaluation in patients with dysphonia and to identify meaningful parameters by disease. Materials and Method The total of 322 patients who visited voice clinic from May 2017 to May 2018 were included in this study. Laryngeal lesions were identified using stroboscopy. Pearson correlation test was performed to analyse correlation between subjective tests including GRBAS scale and voice handicap index, and objective tests including jitter, shimmer, noise to harmonic ratio (NHR), cepstral peak prominence (CPP), maximal phonation time (MPT), mean flow rate, and subglottic pressure. Results In vocal nodule and sulcus vocalis, among GRBAS system, grade and breathiness showed good correlation with CPP, and roughness showed good correlation with jitter or shimmer. In unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP), grade and breathiness showed a very good correlation with CPP, and also good correlation with jitter, shimmer, NHR, and MPT. Also asthenia showed good correlation with CPP and MPT. Vocal polyp has a limited association with other diseases. Conclusion In patients with dysphonia, grade and breathiness showed good correlation with CPP, jitter, and shimmer, and reflect the state of voice change well especially in UVCP, CPP, and MPT.

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.78-78
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• 1996

기식성 애성을 객관적으로 평가할 수 있는 음향지표는 아직 많은 연구가 되어 있지 않고 단지 청각심리검사에 의존하고 있는 실정이다. 본 저자들은 컴퓨터음향분석의 한 지표로서 기식성 애성에 대한 객관적인 음향지표로 이용될 수 있는 Multi-Dimensional Voice Program(mode1 4305, Kay Elemtrics Corp, USA)의 VTI(voice turbulance index)를 정상인과 성대병변 환자에서 비교 분석함으로써 기식성 애성의 객관적인 음향지표로서의 유용성을 확인하고자 하였다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2013

Background and Objectives : This study aimed to determine the clinical effect of $Artecoll^{(R)}$ injection laryngoplasty for patients with vocal atrophy and mild sulcus vocalis. Materials and Method : Forty-one patients with vocal atrophy and/or mild sulcus vocalis received transcutaneous $Artecoll^{(R)}$ injection into the vocal folds under local anesthesia. Subjective evaluations including voice handicap index (VHI) and perceptual grading with Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain (GRBAS) scales and objective evaluations including jitter, shimmer, noise-to-harmonic ratio (NHR), speaking fundamental frequency (SFF) and maximum phonation time (MPT) were evaluated before and 3 months after the injection. Results : VHI and Grade, Breathiness and Strain scales in GRBAS showed significant improvement 3 months after injection. SFF and MPT also significantly improved after the injection ; MPT increased and SFF in male patients decreased. Conclusion : Injection laryngoplasty with $Artecoll^{(R)}$ is an effective method for correcting the glottal insufficiency and improving voice quality in patients with vocal atrophy and/or mild sulcus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.85-88
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• 2008

Several parameters are used for the assessment of phonatory function and voice quality in clinical settings. Glottic airflow, subglottal pressure, mean phonation time, laryngeal resistance and voice efficiency are the most commonly used aerodynamic parameters. Aerodynamic analysis is developed to evaluate phonatory energy source and to estimate laryngeal efficiency. Also these measurements have shown the good correlation with perceptions of breathiness and findings of glottic competence. Aerodynamic study is important to understand relationships between pulmonary and phonatory function.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1995

Bowing of the vocal cords may be due to aging. atrophy. bilateral superior laryngeal nerve paralysis. injudicious vocal cord surgery, of an idiopathic cause. The bowing usually produces a dysphonia characterized by breathiness due to air escape : however, it can produce aphonia. This report reviews vocal function after surgical correction of bowing of the vocal cords for diagnosis and management. The vocal function of 13 patients with sulcus vocalis and 12 patients with vocal cord atrophy was evaluated with the use of a test battery of multidimensional evaluation items. The voice was improved postoperatively in most patients. The voice improvement was reflected objectively in maximum phonation time, mean air flow rate during phonation, stroboscopic findings. sound pressure level range and fundamental frequency range of phonation, and results of acoustic analyses of tape-recorded voice. The vocal function after surgical correction of the sulcus vocalis and vocal cord atrophy was improved postoperatively in most patient, but the results were not satisfactory.