• 가정간호학회지
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• 제5권
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• pp.5-19
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• 1998

This study presents results of surveys conducted Seoul and Kangreung public health center using structured questionnaire developed by researchers to identify factors that were relevant to the method of feeding. To compare the infant's development between the breast-fed infants and formula-fed infants, infant's height, weight, triceps skinfold during 1month and 4months were cheked. The results were as follows : 1. At postpartum, 59.1% infants had formula feeding, while 22.6% had breast feeding. At 1 month old, 49.6% infants had formula feeding, 27.8% had breast feeding. At 4 months old, 60.9% infants had formula feeding, while 26.1% had breast feeding. 2. 'Lack of breast milk' was the predominant reason for formula feeding. 3. The sujects didn't enough eat not only rice and seaweed soup but also any other specific foods during breast feeding period. 4. Factors that affected the method of feeding were the patterns of delivery, mother's height & weight, first baby feeding type(at post partum), infant sex, mother's age, preparation of breast feeding, first baby feeding type, regular clinic visit (at 4months old). 5. The birth weight and height were correlated with mother's weight and height. 6. There were no significant different on infant's weight, height, triceps skinfold between breast-fed infants and formula-fed infants.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제84권3호
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• pp.770-775
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• 2023

악성 말초 신경 초종은 드문 연부조직 종양으로, 주로 몸통, 사지, 두경부에 주로 위치하며, 유방에는 드물다. 저자들은 신경섬유종증 1을 가진 27세 여자 환자에서 유방으로 전이된 악성 말초 신경 초종 증례를 보고하고자 한다. 흉부 단층촬영에서 오른쪽 유방에 경계가 분명한 타원형의 약간 조영 증강되는 종괴가 보였다. 초음파에서 혈류와 증등도의 탄성을 가진 경계가 분명한 타원형의 비균질한 에코의 종괴로 보였다. 유방 종괴는 수술로 제거되었고, 악성 말초 신경 초종으로 최종 진단되었다. 드물지만, 악성 말초 신경 초종은 신경섬유종증 1을 가진 환자에서 유방 종괴의 감별진단에 포함되어야 한다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2015

As interest grows in nursing-wear in accordance with dissemination of breast-feeding, a study on opening of nursing-wear is needed to enhance convenience of breast-feeding regardless of location. In this study, the items on nursing-wear were classified and each characteristic was analyzed. The types and characteristics of opening on nursing-wear were identified and the characteristics of nursing brassier closely related to the nursing-wear were also identified. Top 5 companies for the nursing-wear and nursing-brassier were selected by ranking top 5 in NAVER with the search word 'nursing-wear' and 'nursing-brassier'. 732 one-piece and top (t-shirt and blouse) which have the highest portion in the nursing-wear were selected as the subject. Based on the photo, product explanation on the internet and in-depth interview of designer, the types and characteristics of openings for each item were identified. 732 nursing-brassier were selected to study the types and openings in breast-feeding. The result is as follows. Firstly, the item of nursing-wear can be classified into top, one-piece, package of top and the bottom, and sleeveless. Top and one-piece have the highest production rate. Secondly, the types of the openings are either covering or opening types. There are vertical-slit and horizontal-slit in covering type, and vertical-zipper, horizontal-zipper, and button types in opening type, and overlap and pocket type for the rest. Thirdly, the commercially available nursing-brassier according to the opening manner can be classified into upper-opening, middle-opening, and overlap types. Most largely produced product is upper-opening type as it minimizes the exposure of the breast in breast-feeding. When producing the nursing-brassier, the measurement of the lower breast and cup size are considered.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.303-311
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and educational needs regarding breast feeding of women's mothers and mother-in-laws with a grandchild aged less than 24 months. The degree of knowledge regarding breast feeding was 14.84 points out of 25 points, while the attitude toward breast feeding was 83.88 points. Additionally, 16.4% of the respondents reported that education regarding breast feeding was unnecessary. There were significant differences in knowledge regarding breast feeding among individuals of different age (p<0.05), economic status (p<0.05), and with different aged grandchildren (p<0.05). Additionally, there were significant differences in attitude toward breast feeding based on the type of feeding (p<0.05), the practice of breast feeding (p<0.01), and reasons for low breast feeding rate (p<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between knowledge regarding breast feeding and attitude toward breast feeding. The factors affecting knowledge regarding breast feeding were attitude toward breast feeding and middleclass economic status. In addition, the factors affecting attitude toward breast feeding included knowledge of breast feeding and the practice of breast feeding. Overall, the subjects had high educational needs regarding breast feeding; therefore, women's mothers and mother-in-laws should be given the opportunity for various types of education to improve their breast feeding knowledge.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10791-10795
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• 2015

Background: Phyllodes tumors of the breast are rare fibroepithelial lesions, so relatively little is known about this disease entity. The present study was designed to identify differences in clinical features between benign borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors. Materials and Methods: Data from 246 women with phyllodes tumors of the breast treated in Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between 2002 and 2012 were collected and analyzed, including age at presentation, age at treatment, course, size of primary tumor, location, histological type, type of surgery and treatment, local recurrence, distant metastasis, fibroadenoma history, disease-free survival and number of mitosis per 10hpf. There are 125 (55%) benign, 55 (24%) borderline and 47 (21%) malignant tumors. Results: In univariate analysis, average age at presentation, average age at treatment, size of primary tumor, ulceration or not, type of primary surgery, distant metastasis and number of mitosis per 10 hpf turned out to be statistically different among the three PT types (p=0.014, 0.018, <0.000, 0.003, <0.000, 0.001 and <0.000, respectively), while recurrence and disease-free survival (DFS) demonstrated trends for statistical significance (P =0.055 and 0.060, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed distant metastasis and excision were significantly different in benign, borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors of the breast (p=0.041 and 0.018, OR=0.061 and 0.051). At the same time, size of primary tumor with p=0.052 tended to be different between groups (OR=1.127). However, age at treatment, ulceration and DFS showed no statistically significant variation (p=0.400, 0.286 and 0.413, respectively). Conclusions: Benign borderline and malignant phyllode tumors have different distant metastasis risk, different primary tumor size and different surgical procedures, and malignant PTs are more likely to be bigger and to metastasize.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.840-849
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• 2006

Breast volume has been approximately estimated under the assumption that the shape of breast is a corn. However, women's breast is more like a bulged bag in reality. In this paper, three methods of breast volume estimation were compared to find out the more accurate method. The shape of the breast is assumed as a hemisphere in the first estimation method and a corn in the second one. In the third method, arc along the cross sectional shape of breast was utilized in the calculation. Comparisons among the methods were made using the actual 3D volume measurement of thirty seven women's breast. As results, the third method was the best one for the normal breast type, especially for the lower part of the breast ($R^2=0.74$) which is the crucial design parameter of the brassiere. Assumption of the shape of breast as a corn was reasonably acceptable when the breast is sagged. It was expected that when women wore brassiere, the accuracy of the third method would increase more, since the shape of breast becomes more symmetrical.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify correlates influencing cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods: Study subjects consisted of 102 breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy. Subjects were the members of a breast cancer self-help group. Data were collected using structured self-reporting questionnaires including scales of cognitive impairment, physical status, fatigue, quality of life, emotional status, sleeping, family support, and menopausal symptoms. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for statistical analyses. Results: Breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy appeared to show a high level of cognitive impairment. Among demographic characteristics, the effects of economic status and family type on cognitive impairment were found to be statistically significant. Among disease related characteristics, the effect of duration of chemotherapy on cognitive impairment was statistically significant. Menopausal symptoms were positively associated with cognitive impairment. The model including postmenopausal symptoms and caregiver type explained about 66% of variability in cognitive impairment. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of contextual factors in understanding cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and can be used to develop appropriate, effective nursing interventions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1413-1418
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• 2012

Background: Previous studies generally indicate that synchronous bilateral breast cancers (SBBC) have an equivalent or moderately poorer survival compared with unilateral cases. The prognostic characteristics of SBBC would be relevant when planning adjuvant therapies and follow-up medical surveillance. The frequency of SBBC among early breast cancers in clinical settings in Australia and New Zealand was investigated, plus their prognostic significance, using the Breast Cancer Audit Database of the Society of Breast Surgeons of Australia and New Zealand, which covered an estimated 60% of early invasive lesions in those countries. Design: Rate ratios (95% confidence limits) of SBBC were investigated among 35,370 female breast cancer cases by age of woman, histology type, grade, tumour diameter, nodal status, lymphatic/vascular invasion and oestrogen receptor status. Univariate and multivariable disease-specific survival analyses were undertaken. Results: 2.3% of cases were found to be SBBC (i.e., diagnoses occurring within 3 months). The figure increased from 1.4% in women less than 40 years to 4.1% in those aged 80 years or more. Disease-specific survivals did not vary by SBBC status (p=0.206). After adjusting for age, histology type, diameter, grade, nodal status, lymphatic/vascular invasion, and oestrogen receptor status, the relative risk of breast cancer death for SBBC was 1.17 (95% CL: 0.91, 1.51). After adjusting for favourable prognostic factors more common in SBBC cases (i.e., histology type, grade, lymphatic/vascular invasion, and oestrogen receptor status), the relative risk of breast cancer death for SBBC was 1.42 (95% CL: 1.10, 1.82). After adjusting for unfavourable prognostic factors more common in SBBC cases (i.e., older age and large tumour diameter), the relative risk of breast cancer death for SBBC was 0.98 (95% CL: 0.76, 1.26). Conclusions: Results confirm previous findings of an equivalent or moderately poorer survival for SBBC but indicate that SBBC status is likely to be an important prognostic indicator for some cases.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.142-147
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• 2005

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to investigate the current breast feeding rates in Jeju Province and to identify factors which influence breast feeding duration after birth. Method: The subjects were 189 women with a child between 12 months and 24 months old. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire from October 2003 to January 2004. Measures used in this study included general characteristics, delivery related characteristics, breast feeding related characteristics and the feeding type over a 12-month period after birth. Result: The study showed that the breast feeding rate in the first month was 63.1%, later dropping to 30.9% in the sixth month. In addition, only 14.2% of subjects were still breast feeding the baby at twelve months of age. The mean of breast feeding duration was 4.77 months. The factors which influenced breast feeding duration were wanted pregnancy, breast feeding education, planning of breast feeding and breast feeding experience. Conclusion: Considering the low rate of long-term breast feeding, the importance of breast feeding should be emphasized to promote and support the continuation of breast feeding in addition to at its initial stage. Based on the results, programs on breast feeding promotion and continuation need to be developed.

• 모자간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.68-79
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• 1994

This study measured variables influencing the breast feeding patterns of lactating mothers over a 40 day period In 1993 in the Jeonla area. The Methodology used was a questionnaire covering 92 items based on statistical discriminant analysis. The results were as follows : The successful group was measured against the unsuccessful group over a 4month lactation period ; The successful group was measured over a 4month lactation period ; the unsuccessful less than 4month lactation period. Principal factor analysis was used to generate comparative data factors which were ; 1) nonunderstanding of mother's breast feeding, 2) physical and psychological stress, 3) insufficient milk supply, 4) mother's negative acceptance of baby, 5) lack of spousal support, 6) sore nipple and breast pain, 7) baby's negative acceptance, 8) lack of familial support, 9) baby's diarrhea and watery milk. Discriminant statistical analysis of sever factors included ; 1) insufficient milk supply 2) sore nipple and breast pain, 3) pre-natal planning of breast feeding method, 4) mother's occupation 5) breast feeding method of previous infant, 6) nipple type, and 7) infant birth order. This analysis predicted a 78.9% successful breast feeding. Criterion correlation analysis revealed ; D=-1.780+.165$\times$(Fac3)+.135$\times$(Fac6)+.927$\times$(prenatal planning of breast feeding method)+.900$\times$(mother's occupation)+.675$\times$ (breast feeding method of previous infant)+1.0l4$\times$(nipple type)+.378$\times$(infant birth order). We classified the unsuccessful group as more than .63937 and the successful group less than -.82742 of the D value obtained from the above criterion correlation in order to check the success or the non-success of breast feeding mothers. The rate of correct classification of the grouped cases employing a statistical discriminant analysis was significantly improved to 78.9% when these cases were compared with the actual grouped classification.