• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.757-764
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to find the optimal values of sliding factors which influence the mechanical emotion of users when they use sliding type mobile phones. Background: There are various researches that study the emotion of using mobile phones. They focus the correlation between emotion words and design factors and use the commercial products by the subjects in the experiment. However, it has a limit in finding the optimal point of emotional factors because we can search the restricted values in the mass production of the products. Therefore, we will find the optimal points by realizing the full range of the user's mechanical emotion. Method: First, we need to get the detailed factors which can describe the mechanical emotion in sliding up and down the mobile phone. Next, we find the control factors by considering the correlation between the factors of the sliding emotion and the possibility of quantitative design. To find the optimal points on the control factors, we make a sliding evaluation system which can help users feel the sliding mechanical emotion by realizing control factors. Finally, we find the optimal points by doing the experiment the system being used. Results: The critical values of the factors which are the main variables of this study are Open Max Force and Dead point Ratio. The optimal point of the Open Max Force is 200~250g/f, and the Dead point Ratio is 40~50%. Conclusion: In this study we develop the sliding evaluation system to realize the control factors of the sliding type phone and find the optimal values of the critical factors. Application: The results can be used as the criteria for designing sliding type phone.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.122-133
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• 1997

Purified diets containing 5 graded levels of threonine were fed to young, growing and finishing pigs to determine the threonine requirement for growth and maintenance. A model was developed to subdivide the threonine requirement for the maintenance from the requirement for growth. From this model, the threonine requirement for growth was 7.733, 10.968 and 11.235 g/kg live weight gain and the maintenance requirement was 0.118, 0.048 and 0.024 g per unit of metabolic body size at each stage of growth, respectively. In the young pigs, the threonine requirement for growth was 0.388 g/g N gain and the maintenance requirement was 0.122 g per unit of metabolic body size. The breakpoint of plasma threonine concentrations was 3.995, 7.933 and 7.738 g/d, respectively. Expected requirements obtained from these formulae were in general agreement with previous estimates. Based on the weight gain vs N gain equation, about 4.24% of the retained protein was comprised of threonine and compared to 3.81%, the mean threonine content of pig muscle CP.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.86-97
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• 1997

Purified diets containing 5 graded levels of methionine + cystine were fed to young, growing and finishing pigs to determine the methionine + cystine requirement for growth and maintenance. A model was developed to subdivide the methionine + cystine requirement for maintenance from requirement for growth. From this model, the methionine + cystine requirement for growth was 8.633, 10.260 and 9.293 g/kg live weight gain and the maintenance requirement was 0.049, 0.016 and 0.019 g per unit of metabolic body size at each stage of growth, respectively. In the young pigs, the methionine + cystine requirement for growth was 0.491 g/g N gain and the maintenance requirement was 0.059 g per unit of metabolic body size. The breakpoint of plasma methionine + cystine concentrations was 3.888, 6.935 and 8.116 g/d, respectively. Expected requirements obtained from these formulae were in general agreement with previous estimates. Based on the weight gain vs N gain equation, about 4.44% of the retained protein was comprised of methionine + cystine and compared to 3.31%, the mean methionine + cystine content of pig muscle CP.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 1997

Purified diets containing 5 graded levels of lysine were fed to young and growing pigs to determine the lysine requirement for growth and maintenance. A model was developed to subdivide the lysine requirement for the maintenance from requirement for growth. From this model, the lysine requirement for growth was 18.018 and 19.431 g/kg live weight gain and the maintenance requirement was 0.115 and 0.033 g per unit of metabolic body size at each stage of growth, respectively. In the young pigs, the lysine requirement for growth was 0.950 g/g N gain and the maintenance requirement was 0.114 g per unit of metabolic body size. The breakpoint of plasma lysine concentrations was 8.695 and 13.464 g/d, respectively. Expected requirements obtained from these formulae were in general agreement with previous estimates. Based on weight gain vs N gain equation, about 7.92% of the retained protein was comprised of lysine as compared to 7.11%, the mean lysine content of pig muscle CP.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.537-558
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• 2005

This paper addresses the results of HAUSAT-2 radiation environment and effect analyses, including TID and SEE analyses. Trapped proton and electron, solar proton, galactic cosmic ray models were considered for HAUSAT-2 TID radiation environment analysis. TID was analyzed through total dose-depth curve and the radiation tolerance of TID for HAUSAT-2 components was verified by using DMBP method and sectoring analysis. HAUSAT-2 LET spectrum for heavy ion and proton were also analyzed for SEE investigation. SEE(SEU, SEL) analyses were accomplished for MPC860T2B microprocessor and K6X8008T2B memory. It was estimated that several SEUs may occur without SEL during the HAUSAT-2 mission life(2 years). Software Hamming Code EDAC has been implemented to detect and correct the SEU. In this study, all radiation analyses were conducted by using SPENVIS software.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.195-199
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• 2014

Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), of the Foveavirus genus in the family Betaflexiviridae, is one of the most common viruses of apple and pear trees. To examine variability of the coat protein (CP) gene from ASPV, eight isolates originating from 251 apple trees, which were collected from 22 apple orchards located in intensive apple growing areas of the North Gyeongsang and North Jeolla Provinces in Korea, were sequenced and compared. The nucleotide sequence identity of the CP gene of eight ASPV isolates ranged from 77.0 to 97.0%, while the amino acid sequence identity ranged from 87.7 to 98.5%. The N-terminal region of the viral CP gene was highly variable, whereas the C-terminal region was conserved. Genetic algorithm recombination detection (GARD) and single breakpoint recombination (SBP) analyses identified base substitutions between eight ASPV isolates at positions 54 and 57 and position 771, respectively. GABranch analysis was used to determine whether the eight isolates evolved due to positive selection. All values in the GABranch analysis showed a ratio of substitution rates at non-synonymous and synonymous sites (dNS/dS) below 1, suggestive of strong negative selection forces during ASPV CP history. Although negative selection dominated CP evolution in the eight ASPV isolates, SLAC and FEL tests identified four possible positive selection sites at codons 10, 22, 102, and 158. This is the first study of the ASPV genome in Korea.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2011

Deletions of 14q including band 14q32.33 are uncommon. Patients with terminal deletions of chromosome 14 usually share a number of clinical features. By molecular techniques (array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we identified a young girl with 0.3 Mb terminal 14q32.33 deletion. Review of the nine cases with pure terminal 14q32.3 deletions described to date documented that our observation is the smallest terminal 14q deletion ever reported. The phenotype of our patient is much less severe than the phenotypes of the patients reported previously. We report our experience in examining the clinical, behavioral, and cognitive findings in a 5-year-old girl studied with chromosomal microarray hybridization and reviewed previously reported patients with 14q32 deletions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.857-861
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• 2010

Recently photochemical smog has become a serious urban air pollution. And VOC is the major pollutant for it. With the advance of industrialization and urbanization, MSWI fly ash and sewage sludge and melting slag were generated. It is necessary to de-toxificate ashes, because they contain many toxic constituents and probably lead to contaminate the environment. The objective of this research was to prepare multi-functional brick which is able to remove VOCs in ambient air. The bricks were made of MSWI fly ash, sewage sludge and slag. The benzene adsorption experiment by brick was acted to evaluate its adsorptivity. And also photocatalyst material was coated to enhance its adsorptivity and the endurance on the brick. According to the result, the benzene showed 74~96%. The removal efficiency was increased and the breakpoint time was lengthened by coating a brick.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.95-98
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• 2016

We report the prenatal diagnosis of an unbalanced translocation between chromosome Y and chromosome 15 in a female fetus. Cytogenetic analysis of parental chromosomes revealed that the mother had a normal 46,XX karyotype, whereas the father exhibited a 46,XY,der(15)t(Y;15) karyotype. We performed cytogenetic analysis of the father's family as a result of the father and confirmed the same karyotype in his mother and brother. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantitative fluorescent-polymerase chain reaction analysis identified the breakpoint and demonstrated the absence of the SRY gene in female members. Thus, the proband inherited this translocation from the father and grandmother. This makes the prediction of the fetal phenotype possible through assessing the grandmother. Therefore, we suggest that conventional cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic methods, in combination with family history, provide informative results for prenatal diagnosis and prenatal genetic counseling.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.78-83
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• 2023

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has a markedly improved prognosis with the use of breakpoint cluster region-abelson 1 (BCR-ABL1) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BCR-ABL1 TKIs). However, approximately 40% of patients are resistant or intolerant to BCR-ABL1 TKIs. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is a hypoxia response factor that has been reported to be highly expressed in CML patients, making it a therapeutic target for BCR-ABL1 TKI-sensitive CML and BCR-ABL1 TKI-resistant CML. In this study, we examined whether HIF-1α inhibitors induce cell death in CML cells and BCR-ABL1 TKI-resistant CML cells. We found that echinomycin and PX-478 induced cell death in BCR-ABL1 TKIs sensitive and resistant CML cells at similar concentrations while the cell sensitivity was not affected with imatinib or dasatinib in BCR-ABL1 TKIs resistant CML cells. In addition, echinomycin and PX-478 inhibited the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), Akt, and extracellular-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation via suppression of BCR-ABL1 and Met expression in BCR-ABL1 sensitive and resistant CML cells. Moreover, treatment with HIF-1α siRNA induced cell death by inhibiting BCR-ABL1 and Met expression and activation of JNK, Akt, and ERK1/2 in BCR-ABL1 TKIs sensitive and resistant CML cells. These results indicated that HIF-1α regulates BCR-ABL and Met expression and is involved in cell survival in CML cells, suggesting that HIF-1α inhibitors induce cell death in BCR-ABL1 TKIs sensitive and resistant CML cells and therefore HIF-1α inhibitors are potential candidates for CML treatment.