• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.527-540
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• 2024

Whole wheat flour is produced by grinding wheat grains and blending each milling fraction such as wheat bran and white flour with no specific standard for the proportions. An exploration on classifying and utilizing Korean whole wheat flour is required to increase the practical use of many different types of Korean wheat flour products. This study aimed to examine factors for categorization and processability of Korean whole wheat flour by investigating quality characteristics and bread-making properties of Korean hard wheat flour samples produced with different levels of wheat bran (0% as control, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and whole grain wheat flour). The ash content of flour samples was divided into six gradational categories, which could be suggested as classification criteria for Korean whole wheat flour. The main parameters of dough and gelatinization properties of the flour samples exhibited downtrends, but nutritional constituents demonstrated uptrends with increasing bran addition level. The bread specific volume, hardness, chewiness, and brittleness of bread had strong correlations with dough stability and pasting parameters, which could be presented as significant factors for predicting bread-making properties of Korean whole wheat flour.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.667-673
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• 2010

특수미 품종인 고아미2호는 취반용 쌀로는 적합하지 않으므로 가공용 기능성 곡류소재로서의 활용성을 알아보고자 제빵 시 강력분의 일부를 쌀가루로 대체하였으며 일반 쌀 품종인 추청벼 쌀가루와의 제빵특성을 비교하였다. 쌀가루의 호화특성은 고아미2호는 전분 호화 시 호화개시온도가 높고 전분 팽윤 현상이 억제되어 호화 점도가 매우 낮았다. 강력분에 쌀가루를 10~30% 대체한 혼합분의 mixograph특성은 고아미2호 복합분은 쌀가루 함량이 증가 할수록 가수량이 증가하였으나 추청벼 복합분은 쌀가루함량 증가 시 반죽 안정도가 현저하게 감소되었다. 복합분을 활용한 식빵에서 고아미2호 쌀빵은 쌀가루 증가와 함께 부피 감소와 함께 빵 내부의 경도가 현저하게 증가하였다. 그러나 추청벼 쌀빵은 최대 30%까지 대체 시 빵의 부피 및 경도에서 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았으므로 강력분의 일부를 대체한 쌀빵 가공을 위해서는 난소화성 다당류 함량이 높은 고아미2호보다는 일반 쌀 품종인 추청벼가 적합하였다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.262-270
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• 2014

This study was conducted in order to investigate the properties of bread making and quality improvement when wheat flour is replaced with whole waxy sorghum flour. Sorghum flour, which was prepared with two types of milling methods of pin mill and ultra fine pulverization, was used at different levels ranging from 10, 20 and 30%, respectively. The pasting properties of peak viscosity, setback viscosity and pasting temperature of the composite flour containing pin-milled sorghum flour were higher than those of ultra fine pulverized sorghum flour. The volumes of sorghum bread were lower than that of wheat bread; moreover, they gradually decreased with increasing amounts of sorghum flour, which has inferior dough properties and therefore collapses in the oven. The use of vital gluten (12% based on sorghum flour weight) and emulsifier (SSL; sodium stearoyl lactylate) increased the extensibility and resistance to the extension of the dough, thereby improving its rheological properties. Thus, the oven spring of bread containing sorghum was improved, demonstrating as loaf volume increase up to 15%. However, in the case of breads containing 30% sorghum flour, the loaf volumes were still unacceptably low. Therefore, the formula and the bread making process were further modified as follows: An increase of vital gluten ($12%{\rightarrow}18%$) and shortening ($3%{\rightarrow}6%$), a decrease of mixing time and dough fermentation temperature, and the addition of sorghum flour after gluten development during mixing. The above modifications resulted in the improvement of sorghum bread quality. Therefore, we suggest that pin-milled sorghum flour is more appropriate than ultra fine pulverized sorghum flour for making bread.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.167-173
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• 1997

The primary objective of this study was tested the baking properties of Korean wheat. In test results, the wheat which was harvested from all over the Korea, not suitable for making bread and cake products. However, some of possibilities to make bread were found by using vital gluten as well as additives. Out of Korean wheat classes, the Tapdong wheat showed good properties for bread making, and it is recommended to develope it as bread making wheat by segregating from other classes in seeding and harvesting.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.434-441
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• 2015

본 연구는 우리밀의 활용도를 높이기 위해 우리밀을 사용하여 방법을 달리해서 제조한 우리밀의 제빵 특성을 분석하였다. 우리밀 밀가루와 수입밀 밀가루 반죽의 Farinograph 분석 결과 견도(consistency)는 수입밀(534 FE)이 우리밀(503 FE)보다 높은 값을 나타내었다. 흡수율(water absorption)은 수입밀(66.1%)이 우리밀(60.6%)보다 높은 값을 나타내었다. 반죽형성시간(dough development time, DDT)은 우리밀(10.7분)이 수입밀(11.7분)보다 낮은 값을 나타냈다. 반죽의 안정도(dough stability time, DST)는 반죽의 강도를 나타내는데 수입밀은 Farinograph 반응시간을 20분으로 하여 평가하였을 때 20분까지도 반죽의 안정을 지키는 강한 반죽의 안정성을 나타내었으며, 우리밀은 15.2로 수입밀보다 낮은 DST를 나타내었다. Farinograph quality number(FQN)는 수입밀은 측정이 불가능할 정도로 높은 값을 나타내었고, 우리밀은 156으로 측정이 가능하였다. 이들 결과를 종합해 보면 우리밀은 수입밀에 비해 gluten network 형성 능력이 떨어진다는 것을 예측할 수 있었다. 제법을 달리한 식빵의 무게, 비용적 및 굽기 손실률 측정 결과 반죽의 방법이 식빵의 부피나 비용적에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 직접반죽법(straight dough method, SDM)이 부피나 비용적을 높이는 데 효과가 있었음을 알 수 있었다. 제법을 달리한 식빵의 crumb 색도 측정 결과 우리밀을 이용하여 제조한 식빵에서 높은 값을 나타내어 제법과는 상관없이 우리밀로 제조한 식빵이 좀 더 밝은 것을 알 수 있었다. 제법을 달리한 식빵의 소비자 기호도 조사한 결과 우리밀은 SDM 방법으로 반죽하여 제빵을 하는 것보다는 중종법(dough and sponge method, DSM)이 더 기호도가 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 저장기간에 따른 제법을 달리한 식빵의 물성 변화를 측정한 결과 chewiness와 brittleness, hardness는 우리밀로 직접 반죽하여 제조한 빵(SDMK)이 저장기간 동안 가장 변화폭이 크게 변화하는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 100% DSM과 70% DSM 방법으로 제조된 식빵은 대조구인 수입밀로 직접반죽법을 이용하여 제조한 빵(SDMI)과 유의차가 없이 변화하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 100% DSM 방법에 의해 제조된 식빵은 대조구인 SDMI 방법에 의해 제조된 식빵과 비교하였을 때 cohesiveness 등 물리적 특성이 유사함을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 gluten 함량이 부족한 우리밀을 이용하여 빵을 제조할 때 적당한 제빵 방법으로 100% DSM 방법을 활용하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.423-432
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• 2010

In order to streamline bread making process that is time-consuming in regard to the characteristics of process, this study focused on microwave irradiation to dough and raising its temperature to monitor potential variations of dough properties and bread quality, and also examined optimum irradiation time to deduce effective ways for streamlining bread making process. According to analyze dough properties depending on microwave irradiation time, it was found that microwave heat (MWH) 2 showed the highest specific volume and oven spring of all and the lowest hardness (i.e. the highest softness). Moreover, MWH 2 scored the highest points in overall preference under sensory characteristics. As a result, it found that 80-second heating of 700 g bread dough, when exposed to microwave irradiation, contributed to the highest quality of bread.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.456-462
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• 2019

This study investigated the bread-making properties of rice bread supplemented with HPMC (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) 1~3% and gluzyme (glucose oxidase), fungamyl (fungal ${\alpha}$-amylase) and pentopan (xylanase+hemicellulases) (0.0015~0.0090%). The viscoelastic properties of the dough with HPMC 1~3% were analyzed. When the rice flour was supplemented with HPMC 1~3%, the viscoelastic properties of the dough tended to increase as the amount of added HPMC was increased. The physicochemical characteristics of the rice bread with HPMC, gluzyme, fungamyl, and pentopan were analyzed. Supplementing the rice flour with HPMC, gluzyme, fungamyl, and pentopan had a significant effect on the volume (p<0.01) and specific volume (p<0.001) of the rice bread. Supplementing the rice flour with 3% HPMC and 0.0045% or 0.0090% pentopan had a significant effect on increasing the volume (p<0.01) and specific volume (p<0.001) of the rice bread. Supplementing the rice flour with 3% HPMC, 0.0023% gluzyme and 0.0015% fungamyl had a significant effect on increasing the volume (p<0.01) and specific volume (p<0.001) of the rice bread. These results suggest that supplementing the rice flour with HPMC, gluzyme, fungamyl and pentopan is effective for the production of rice bread.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.723-736
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• 2013

To examine the quality characteristics of bread made of different amounts of chia seed powder, a functional food ingredient, this study made bread by adding chia seed powder by 1%, 3%, and 5% of the flour weight. When bread dough properties were determined using mixograph, all doughs were appropriate for bread-making. In the evaluation of fermentation rate, the dough with 3% of chia seed powder CS 3 showed the most favorable fermentation rate during the first 60-min fermentation of the bread. According to CrumbScan, the fineness of bread pores were higher in control group than bread loaves containing chia seed powder. The volume of bread in control group was significantly lower than those of other experimental groups. The volume and specific volume were highest when chia seed powder was added by 3%. According to preference analysis, appearance and taste was best in CS 3, showing the highest overall score in preference. Therefore, the optimum amount of chia seed powder is identified to be 3% in bread-making.

• 한국농촌생활과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.33-41
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• 1998

This study is to find out the effects of the qualify of the breads made from Korean and imported wheat flour respectively after adding chitosan, by examining the dough making, the bread making properties, the Physicochemical properties of the breads. The low polymerized chitosan (M. W. : 37,000) was added respectively 1, 3 and 5% in the form of 10% lactic acid aqueous solution. The Korean wheat bread had 4% more water, 3% more sugar, 0.5% more salt, 3% more margarine and 1.5% more yeast per 100% to wheat flour added than the imported wheat bread. The bread volume for the two groups stayed the same. The water absorption in the chitosan added group was increased more greatly than in the control group, however, pH was reduced. In case of color among all wheat bread groups the ‘L’ value appeared to be higher in the imported wheat bread groups, and the ‘b’ value appeared to be higher in the chitosan added group.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

1997년에 수화된 탑동, 은파, 고분, 우리, 올그루, 금강밀의 6종의 국내산 밀과 표준밀로서 DNS(Dark Northern Spring)의 제빵 적성에 대하여 평가하였다. 회분함량은 DNS가 0.54%인 반면 금강밀을 비롯한 국내산 밀의 회분함량은 고분밀을 제외하고 그보다 낮았으며 단백질함량은 DNS가 11.68%였고, 금강밀이 13.85%, 은파밀 12.53%, 고분밀 12.32%로 표준밀보다 높은 단백질함량을 보였다. Farinograph에 의한 Valorimeter value는 금강, 고분, 은파밀이 표준밀 DNS보다 좋은 결과였으며 Extensograph에서는 저항도가 45, 90, 135분에서 각시간 별로 증가하였으며, 탑동밀과 고분밀이 DNS보다 저항도가 컸다. 전분이 호화될 때의 점도 변화를 나타내는 Amylograph에서는 우리밀과 올그루 밀을 제외한 4종의 국내산 밀의 호화온도가 DNS와 같거나 낮아 제빵용으로 적합하였다. 식빵의 외관 특성에서 올그루밀이 표준밀과 다른 국내산 밀에 비해 낮은 점수로 유의적인 차이를 보였고 금강밀은 껍질의 색과 질에서 다른 시료에 비해 높은 값을 나타내 외관 특성이 가장 우수하였다. 식빵의 내부 특성에서는 식빵 단면의 기공, 색상, 향, 맛에서 올그루밀이 낮은 값으로 다른 시료와 유의적인 차이를 보였고 색상에서 고분, 금강밀이 다른 시료와 유의적인 차이를 보였다.