• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.489-499
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• 2009

The spread of internet brought the rapid development of on-line shopping mall, but the information of clothing-related products especially underwears in on-line shopping mall is still poor. Thus, in this paper, we investigated the dimension status and problems of brassieres selling at on-line shopping malls and suggest improving solutions. We surveyed the sales sizes and sales status of brassieres for four top-sales on-line malls and analyzed them based on both of Korean Standards and SizeKorea2005, the measurement data of Korean women's sizes. The results showed that almost of brassieres were for adults(98.8%), and for general purpose(97.8%) while the sales rates of specially targeted products for teen-ager or functional products for nursing mom were very low. Also, we noticed that Korean Standards covers most of SizeKorea measurements of women, but brassieres of only a small portion of size in Korean Standards were manufactured and sold at on-line shopping mall. It means that consumers who do not belong to the sector of most frequent body measurement range suffer difficulties in purchase of brassieres by on-line shopping. Thus, it is required to gather more accurate information about body size of potential consumers and to offer wider range of sizes and target-specific products for the activation of on-line shopping.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.154-168
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• 2012

This study examined size combination suitability of the underwear sets in home shopping and discussed the degree of consumer satisfaction as well as purchase criteria and evaluation after purchase of women's underwear. The survey was conducted from 1st to 15th September 2010 on a total of 300 women aged between 20 to 50, living in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do region who had bought women's underwear through home shopping. The completed data, 245 out of 300, was used for the final analysis. The analysis conducted in the study with SPSS statistics package includes frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, chi-square analysis, $t$-test, ANOVA and Duncan's Multiple Range test. Evaluation items on purchase criteria and evaluation after purchase were processed with factor analysis. The results of the present study showed that product differentiation strategies are required based on age in order to improve consumer satisfaction and repurchase intention in home shopping underwear. Moreover, most of underwear products sold in sets in home shopping are provided based on the brassiere size. As a result, women who do not fit into the home shopping underwear size combination may be less satisfied. When consumers choose their own brassier and briefs size or combinations of various brassier and briefs sizes, it would increase consumer satisfaction.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.25-40
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to provide for the basic data useful to the development of the quality of brassiere featuring a good wearing feeling and an effect of reinstating and correcting breast shape. For this purpose, 220 adult women aged between 20 and 59 were sampled to survey their actual breast shapes. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1 According to the increase of age, the items of height were decreased and items of width, depth, circumference and length were increased, being obeser and breast point were drooped. So volume and bottom are3 of breast of 40.50′s women′s age group were larger than 20.30′s women′s age group and breast point width of 40.50′s women was being wider by increase of interior dimensions of breast. 2. The components of adult women′s breast shape can be categorized into "obesity of breast", "upper dimensions of breast and drop", "lower dimensions of breast and drop", "location of breast point and vertical size of breast", "interior dimensions of breast", "exterior dimensions of breast" Such components of breast shape very in terms of weight or apparence depending on ages. Older women tend to have more droopy and widen breasts.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.786-794
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze and classify breast shape of women aged 11~15 using 3D body scan data. In this study, 250 women's body scans were selected from the 6th Size Korea dataset, and 30 items from each of the scan were measured using RapidForm XOR 3 program. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted using statistical program SPSS 17.0. The five principal components were identified; breast drooping and breast capacity, size from chest to under bust area, breast protrusion, breast height, and under breast angle & outer distance of breast. As the results of cluster analysis, woman's breast types were classified into four types. The breast type 1 was protrusion type (25.1%) which is considered as the breast maturity stage. The breast type 2 had the most drooped breast covering a large area (20.2%). The breast type 3 had the least prominent breast with a highest nipple point, which was considered as the early breast development stage (38.9%). The breast type 4 had the obesity of the chest and breast circumferences with the slightly prominent and the least drooped breast (15.8%). This study can provide fundamental information to develop sizing system and brassiere pattern for junior girls.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.267-279
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• 2023

The current bra market and the purchasing behavior of women of the MZ generation in Korea are reviewed in this study. Therefore, basic data for bra product planning for women of the MZ generation are presented by investigating the wearing status and satisfaction. Through online surveys, 272 questionnaires were obtained and were analyzed through frequency analysis, cross-analysis, t-test, and variance analysis. Generation M and Generation Z share digital culture, but, due to age differences, they are compared by generation. There was, however, little significant difference between these groups. In addition, there was no significant difference between groups when factoring for the time of wearing, place of purchase, and material of bras. However, there were big differences between groups depending on whether bras had wires, lace, and their size, especially in body correction items. According to the results, it is pointless to target each generation when making a bra. Also, the young generation consumers are more interested in functionality than in the design compared to 10 years ago. It will improve consumer satisfaction if two different types of bras are produced; one that corrects the body and one that fits well even if the body is less corrected.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.303-317
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• 2010

This study helps in the production of brassieres suitable for female adults by researching the actual wearing conditions and purchasing status, satisfaction rate, and preferences of female college students in their early 20's. The collected data was analyzed by a SPSSWIN 13.0 Program and the results of the research are as follows. 1. There is a noticeable difference between the breast satisfaction rate and breast size, in addition the satisfactory rate was higher in the normal breast size or a little ample size than in the very small or very big size. According to the shape, the satisfactory rate for the breast appeared to be high in the case of the recognition and evaluation of the hemisphere type than the flat, cone, pop out, and downward type. 2. For fitness, the looseness at the top of the cup (pressed between the breasts at the upper part of the front middle), pressing and looseness at the upper sides of the cup, inappropriate size of the cup, tightness of the wings, tightness at the bottom round of the breasts, the narrow width of the wire, wide space of the shoulder strings, and the sliding of the shoulder strings had problems that needed improvement. 3. The major priorities for purchasing brassieres are size, fitness, and aesthetic qualities. As a result, the size and the fitness are more important than the trend or decorations since the brassiere has the function to support the breasts that shows that hygiene and sanitation are recognized as an important standard for undergarment selection. The size and the fitness are important factors regardless of breast types in the examination of the selection standards of the brassieres for each breast type, but the cone and hemisphere types have higher preferences for design; the pop out type has more considerations for the material of the cloth. The result show that appearance is more important for smaller breasts, but the functionality of the brassier is more important than the appearance for medium and larger breast sizes.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.439-448
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• 2018

This thesis intends to suggest a new wedding dress pattern through researches on history and changes of wedding dress, researches on silhouette and details and analyses of existing basic patterns. In this study, to develop torso patterns of top dresses selected as preferred designs through literature reviews and company surveys, dress form sizes suitable for standard sizes were selected and study basic patterns were made using draping techniques. The study finds characteristics of body type dimension that is changed when wearing brassiere (hereinafter, 'bra') for wedding dress through customer surveys for development of basic patterns of wedding dress. That is, wearing wedding bra was used for the purpose of increasing the bust size and we will evaluate later whether this increase helps completeness of aesthetic impression through wearing evaluation. As the result, it was found out that top torso pattern wearing wedding bra made wearers feel more comfortable and in the aspect of aesthetic impression, it provided impacts on women's beautiful silhouettes. The effects of whether a bra is used or not on changes in patterns were reviewed through the degree of polymerization of finished patterns. When a bra for dresses was worn, the waist front length increased by1.7cm, the bust circumference increased by 2.1cm, and the amount of dart increased by 1.5cm in the patterns. A new torso pattern for top dresses, which will solve problems evaluated in each of the above from the aspect of composition of pattern by a method through analysis of existing basic patterns and multi-dimensional cut patterns wearing wedding bra, will be suggested.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.689-698
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to develop the well-fitted brassieres by observing the changes in the breast sizes and shapes, the surface area and the volume of the breast through the arm movements of 3 types (0$^{\circ}$, 90$^{\circ}$ and 180$^{\circ}$) in vertical motion. The subjects are females, who are aged twenties and wearing a brassiere size 70B, In particular, to obtain the measures regarding the surface area and the volume of the breast, replicas are made at each motion. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The changes in the breast sizes and shapes at each motion By increasing the motions of the arm movement, the following measure items are inclined to decrease: Shoulder length, Side neck point~B.P., Front neck point~B.P., Horizontal length of the cup, Upper bust circumference, Bust circumference, Upper bust depth, Bust depth, Under bust depth, Nipple to tipple breadth, Horizontal distance of bust, Bust height, Cup size. By increasing the motions of the arm movement, the following measure items are inclined to increase: Center point of shoulder~B.P., Shoulder point~B.P., Armpit~ lowest point of breast drooping, Upper bust point~B.P., B.P~Under bust point, Under bust line, Width of gap between breast, Vertical distance of Bust. 2. The changes in the surface area and volume of breast at each motion By making the replica to observe changes in the surface area, which are sectioned to 4 parts(area 1 to area 4) , and volume of breast at each motion, the results are as follows: At 0$^{\circ}$ and 90$^{\circ}$, the sizes of each part are ordered as the following: area2> areal> area4> area3. At 180$^{\circ}$, the sizes of each part are ordered as the following: areal> area2> area4> area3. Through these orders, it is found that the upper and inside part of the breast has the inclination to increase so long as the motions of the arm movement increase. Also, the total surface area increases so long as the motions of the arm movement increase. The volume of the breast increase when the surface area of the breast increases. As a result of the F-test on the changes in the each surface areas, the surface area and volume by arm movements, the significant differences among the each surface areas and the surface area are not found.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.57-75
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• 2010

This study is done in Shanghai area by sample survey of female college students in their lower 20s. Through direct contact survey, this study collected and analyzed information on figure to understand feature of breasts and measurements of body to provide base information to improve product of brassiere for adult female in China. Data was analyzed by using SPSSWIN 13.0 Program and SAS 9.0. 1. From a result of factor analysis on 40 items of measures to derive the components of the shape of the breast, 6 factors were derived such as the factors to show the obesity of the bust, to show the ratio of the upper and lower area of the lower bust, droop and volume, to show the internal shape and broadness of the bust, to show the location and vertical size of the bust, to show the protrusion of the bust and the eternal shape of the bust. 2. From a result of classification on the shape of the breast of the Chinese women in their early 20s, 4 types were selected. Type 1 is the protrusion type that a woman has a broad drooped breast due to the development in the upper and lower parts of the chest as well as the highest height, a high degree of obesity in the bust part, big volume and much protrusion. Type 2 is the hemisphere type that the degree of obesity in the breast is second to Type 1 and a breast is located at a region higher than Type 1 as the degree of obesity in the breast is secondly highest, the lower part of the bust is bigger than the Type 1 and the degree of being broad and drooped is second to Type 1. Type 3 is the cone type with a breast of being drooped and broad a little bit and a certain degree of a volume. Type 4 is the flat type with the smallest value in the item that shows the obesity of the bust area and with the smallest value in the R$\ddot{o}$hrer index to have the small and slender body type for the bust area, which is somewhat flat due to a low slope at the internal side of the bust.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.281-293
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• 1999

연구배경(硏究背景) ; 사상체질의학에서 체질의 정확한 진단은 매우 중요하다. 전체적이고 직관적으로 제시된 동의수세보원의 체질진단 방법을 명확히 하기 위해서는 각 체질간의 특성을 확실히 알아야 할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 그러한 취지를 바탕으로 이채로운 주제인 남자 음경과 여자 유방크기의 체질별 차이를 살펴보아 이들의 형태가 체질을 진단하는 데 있어서 어떠한 유의성이 있는지 살피고자 하였다. 방법(方法) ; QSCCII등을 이용한 전문의 진단으로 체질이 구분된, 특별한 질병이 없는 한국사람 86명(남자 39명, 여자 47명)을 대상으로 각각 남자에게는 이완시 음경의 길이를 자를 이용하여 음경뿌리부터 귀두부(部) 끝까지 재게 하였고, 굵기는 실과 자를 이용하여 중간부분을 재게 하였으며, 흥분시 음경의 길이와 굵기를 같은 방법으로 재게 하였고, 여자에게는 개별면담으로 키, 몸무게, 가슴둘레, 브래지어 컵 사이즈를 조사하였다. 연구결과(硏究結果) 및 결론(結論) ; 86명의 사상체질(四象體質) 유형(類型)은 태음임(太陰人) 28명(32.6%), 소음인(少陰人) 37명(43%), 소양인(少陽人) 21명(24.4%)이었고, 음경(陰莖)과 유방(乳房) 크기 분석(分析) 결과(結果)는 다음과 같았다. 남자(男子) 음경(陰莖) 길이의 체질적(體質的)인 차이(差異)에 대한 유의성(有意性)은 없었다. 단지 태음인(太陰人)의 음경(陰莖)이 평소(平素)에 가장 길고 그 대신 가장 적게 늘어나며, 음경(陰莖)의 굵기는 이완시(弛緩時), 흥분시(興奮時) 전부 태음인(太陰人), 소음인(少陰人), 소양인(少陽人)의 순서(順序)로 굵기대소가 진행(進行)되는 경향(傾向)이 있을 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 여자(女子) 유방(乳房) 크기의 체질적(體質的)인 차이(差異)에 대한 유의성(有意性) 또한 없었다. 단지 가슴둘레나 브래지어 컵 사이즈를 보았을 때, 예상대로 태음인(太陰人)의 가슴이 가장 컸고, 소음인(少陰人)과 소양인(少陽人)의 비교(比較)에서, 가슴둘레 그리고 몸무게에서 가슴이 차지하는 비율은 소음인(少陰人)이 더 컸다. 브래지어 컵사이즈는 소음인(少陰人), 소양인(少陽人)이 대등(對等)했다. 소음인(少陰人) 여성(女性)의 가슴이 흉금지포세(胸襟之包勢)가 성장(盛壯)한 소양인(少陽人) 여성(女性)의 가슴보다 작지 않다는 경향(傾向)이 있을 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 통계적(統計的)으로 유의성(有意性)을 가지지는 않았으나 음경(陰莖)의 대소(大小)와 여성(女性) 가슴의 대소(大小)는 사상체질별(四象體質別)로 특징적(特徵的)인 경향성(傾向性)이 있다고 사료(思料)되고 많은 연구(硏究)가 기대되었다.