• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제81권4호
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• pp.493-502
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• 2022

Shear lag phenomenon has long been considered in numerous structural codes; however, the AISC provisions have now no longer proposed any unique equation to calculate the shear lag ratio in bolted connections for angles in general. It is noticeable that, however, codes used in this case are largely conservative and need to be amended. A parametric study consisting of 27 angle sections with equal legs and different with bolted connections was performed to investigate the effects of shear lag on the ultimate tensile capacity of angle members. The main parameters were: steel grade, connection length and eccentricity from the center of the plate, as well as the number of rows of bolts parallel to the applied force. The test results were compared with the predictions of the classical 1-x/l law proposed by Mons and Chesen to investigate its application to quantify the effect of shear lag. A parametric study was performed using valid FE models that cover a wide range of parameters. Finally, based on the numerical results, design considerations were proposed to quantify the effect of shear lag on the ultimate tensile capacity of the tensile members.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제68권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

벼 품종별 재식밀도 변경 시 생육특성 변화를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 재식밀도 변경 시 간장, 수장의 변화는 없으며 각 포기 사이의 재식거리가 10 cm 넓어질수록 포기당 분얼수는 평균 4.4개, 이삭당 립수는 평균 7.5개 증가하였다. 2. 기존 80주 이앙 시 분얼수 및 립수가 많은 품종이 재식밀도가 감소되어도 분얼수 및 립수가 많은 경향이었다. 3. 재식밀도 감소 시 분얼수 및 립수 증가비율은 기존 80주 재배 시 품종의 분얼수 및 립수와 유의한 상관관계를 나타내지 않았다. 4. 재식밀도 감소 시 이삭지경의 개수 및 길이가 증가하였으며 이 때문에 이삭당 립수가 증가한 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.255-262
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• 2013

Purpose: Robotic surgery for gastric cancer is a promising alternative to laparoscopic surgery, but the data are limited. We aimed to evaluate whether gaining experience in robotic gastrectomy could improve surgical outcomes in the treatment of gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and seven consecutive cases of patients with clinical stage I gastric cancer who underwent robotic surgery at the National Cancer Center of Korea between February 2009 and February 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Surgical outcomes were analyzed and compared between the initial 100 and later 100 cases. Results: Seven patients required conversion to open surgery and were excluded from further analysis. The mean operating time for all patients was 248.8 minutes, and mean length of hospitalization was 8.0 days. Twenty patients developed postoperative complications. Thirteen were managed conservatively, while 6 had major complications requiring invasive procedures. One mortality occurred owing to myocardial infarction. Operating time was significantly shorter in the latter 100 cases than in the initial 100 cases (269.9 versus 233.5 minutes, P<0.001). The number of retrieved lymph nodes was significantly greater in the latter cases (35.9 versus 39.9, P=0.032). The hospital stay of patients with complications was significantly longer in the initial cases than in the latter cases (16 versus 7 days, P=0.005). Conclusions: Increased experience with the robotic procedure for gastric cancer was associated with improved outcomes, especially in operating time, lymph node retrieval, and shortened hospital stay of complicated patients. Further development of surgical techniques and technology might enhance the role of robotic surgery for gastric cancer.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.63-80
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• 2006

Public health oriental medical doctor has played a great role in providing oriental medical treatment and oriental medical health program with public health medical services, the basic infrastructure, however, is not sufficient. In this study, the researcher surveyed the treatment working or service condition of public health oriental medical doctor. 1. The payment, allowance of doctors are fixed upon the law and guideline according to the financial status of local government. The branch of public health center has more support like an official residence with expenses. 2. The public health center mainly has assitants and ratio of full-timer is more than the branch public health center without any assistants if any, they are temporary employee 3. The public health center has 5.22 beds while the branch has 3.14 beds. The daily average number of patient for public health center is 15.01 while the branch has 8.7 More than half of outpatients are over sixties with musculoskeletal disease. 4. Regarding the traveling clinic, the public health center put into more operation than the branch. The 3rd year serving public doctor gives negative about the traveling clinic much more than 1st and 2nd year serving public doctor. The treatment service condition of public doctor of the public health center is better than the branch doctor, but we are on the point of role-changing as health promotion and preventive treatment to bring up motivation, education and competence strengthening for execution the local-bound health program.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.176-184
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• 2016

Background: Wild ginseng, Panax ginseng Meyer, is an endangered species of medicinal plants. In the present study, we analyzed variations within the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) cluster to gain insight into the genetic diversity of the Oriental ginseng, P. ginseng, at artificial plant cultivation. Methods: The roots of wild P. ginseng plants were sampled from a nonprotected natural population of the Russian Far East. The slides were prepared from leaf tissues using the squash technique for cytogenetic analysis. The 18S rDNA sequences were cloned and sequenced. The distribution of nucleotide diversity, recombination events, and interspecific phylogenies for the total 18S rDNA sequence data set was also examined. Results: In mesophyll cells, mononucleolar nuclei were estimated to be dominant (75.7%), while the remaining nuclei contained two to four nucleoli. Among the analyzed 18S rDNA clones, 20% were identical to the 18S rDNA sequence of P. ginseng from Japan, and other clones differed in one to six substitutions. The nucleotide polymorphism was more expressed at the positions 440-640 bp, and distributed in variable regions, expansion segments, and conservative elements of core structure. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed conspecificity of ginseng plants cultivated in different regions, with two fixed mutations between P. ginseng and other species. Conclusion: This study identified the evidences of the intragenomic nucleotide polymorphism in the 18S rDNA sequences of P. ginseng. These data suggest that, in cultivated plants, the observed genome instability may influence the synthesis of biologically active compounds, which are widely used in traditional medicine.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2016

The present study was conducted to investigate the lesion of red internal organs in slaughtered pigs and provided assistant data for pig farms. During March to December 2015, a total of 1,160 lung samples out of 58 herds were collected randomly from pigs slaughtered in Jeonbuk province. In addition, 290 hilar lymph nodes from pig with pneumonic lung lesion (5 samples per herd) were screened for selected viral and bacterial pathogens. Gross lesions of lungs such as swine enzootic pneumonia (SEP), pleuritis, pleuropneumonia, pericarditis and liver white spots were examined. The overall prevalence of SEP was 64.3% (746/1,160). In the analysis of seasonal prevalence, there was an increase of occurrence during the spring months (287/400, 71.8%) and decrease during the fall months (93/200, 46.5%) among the whole herds. The mean number of SEP score per pig was $1.20{\pm}1.28$. The prevalence of pleuropneumonia, pleuritis, pericarditis, and milk spot was 25.5% (296/1,160), 44.1% (512/1,160), 3.8% (44/1,160) and 17.6% (204/1,160), respectively. The most frequent region with lung lesion was diaphragmatic lobes (left 17.1%, right 17.3%). In the detection of viral pathogens by PCR, porcine circovirus type2 (PCV2) was positive in 86.9% (252/290), while porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was not detected, In the case of bacterial pathogens, 50 microorganisms were isolated by PCR and/or microbiological test. The most frequently isolated bacteria was Streptococcus suis (20, 34.4%), followed by Pasteurella multocida (17, 29.3%), Streptococcus spp. (11, 3.4%), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (2, 8.9%).

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2019

Background The dorsolateral branch of the posterior intercostal artery (DLBPI) can be easily found while harvesting a latissimus dorsi (LD) musculocutaneous flap for breast reconstruction. However, it remains unknown whether this branch can be used for a free flap and whether this branch alone can provide perfusion to the skin. We examined whether the DLBPI could be reliably found and whether it could provide sufficient perfusion. Methods We dissected 10 fresh cadavers and counted DLBPIs with a diameter larger than 2 mm. For each DLBPI, the following parameters were measured: distance from the lateral margin of the LD muscle, level of the intercostal space, distance from the spinal process, and distance from the inferior angle of the scapula. Results The DLBPI was easily found in all cadavers and was reliably located in the specified area. The average number of DLBPIs was 1.65. They were located between the seventh and eleventh intercostal spaces. The average length of the DLBPI between the intercostal space and the LD muscle was 4.82 cm. To assess the perfusion of the DLBPIs, a lead oxide mixture was injected through the branch and observed using X-rays, and it showed good perfusion. Conclusions The DLBPI can be used as a pedicle in free flaps for small defects. DLBPI flaps have some limitations, such as a short pedicle. However, an advantage of this branch is that it can be reliably located through simple dissection. For women, it has the advantage of concealing the donor scar underneath the bra band.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.3-22
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• 2012

제어독립성(Control Independence)은 슈퍼스칼라 프로세서에서 명령어수준 병렬성(Instruction-level Parallelism)을 향상시키기 위한 중요한 요소로 작용하고 있다. 분기예측기법(Branch Prediction Mechanism)에서 잘못 예측될 경우에는 예측된 분기 방향의 명령어들을 무효화시키고 올바른 분기 방향의 명령어들을 다시 반입하여 수행해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 컴파일 시 프로파일링을 통한 정적인 방법과 프로그램상의 제어흐름을 통해 동적으로 제어 독립적인 명령어를 탐지하여 분기명령어의 잘못된 예측으로 발생되어 무효화되는 명령어를 효과적으로 감소시킬 수 있도록 하여 프로세서의 성능을 향상시키는 메커니즘을 제안한다. SPECint 벤치마크 프로그램에 대해 기존의 방법과 본 논문에서 제안한 방법 사이의 사이클 당 수행된 명령어 수를 분석한 결과, 4-이슈 프로세서에서 2%~7%, 8-이슈 프로세서에서 4%~15%, 16-이슈 프로세서에서 18%~28% 정도 성능이 향상되었다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.24-28
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• 1993

The flash point for flammable liquids (alcohol, aromatic compounds) were measured by Penskt-Martens's measuring apparatus with closed cup. As a result, it was observed that the flash points had the regular tendency according to the carbon number and the molecular structure. Consequently, the flash point for the alcohols were increased in proportion to the increase of the carbon number and branch number. The differences between the literature and experimental data are 14.6% for the relative error and 3.46$^{\circ}C$ in average for the measuring temperature.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.7-17
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• 1987

The experiment with two levels of nitrogen (0. and 300kg / ha / year) and two levels of clipping height (1.5cm and 4cm) was conducted on the field during the period 3 June to 23 October 1985. Clonal lines of korean lawngrass ( Zoysia japonica Steud.) and manilagrass ( Zoysia matrella ( L.) Merr.)of Daejon origin were established in June, as individual clone in rows 30cm apart with a 40cm spacing between clones, actually 4 clones each plot. The results obtained were as follows : 1. When no nitrogen was applied to korean lawngrass, leaf blade which appeared during the August / early September period remained green for a period of about 10 weeks and even leaves emerged in late September lived for 42 days. However, leaf longevity did not exceed 8 weeks as nitrogen was applied. In contrast the leaf longevity of manilagrass which emerged during the mid - August / early September period was 11 weeks and, under the nitrogen applied, 9 weeks, indicating that the life - saen of individual leaf of manilagrass may be longer than that of korean lawngrass. Meanwhile, clipping height had no effect on the leaf longevity in both grasses. 2. During the July / August period, tiller number, green leaf number and DM weight of korean lawngrass were increased significantly with fertilizer nitrogen, but were not with two levels of clipping height. This trend was reversed after late September : no effect of nitrogen was appeared. Instead, lax clipping increased tiller number, green leaf number and DM weight. Green leaves stimulated by lax clipping resulted in the occurrance of more dead leaves in late October. 3. The increase of tiller number, green leaf number, and DM weight of korean lawngrass due to nitrogen application appeared to be of significance in early September. Unlike korean lawngrass, however, this significant increase was maintained to late October when new green leaves still emerge. Clipping height had little effect on the growth of manilagrass by early September, but since then, lax clipping stimulated leaf appearance, possibly resulting in a remained green color of manilagrass turf. 4. Among the stolons outgrown until early September, the primary stolon was not influenced by nitrogen and clipping treatments to produce only 2 - 3 stolons. However, 1st branch stolon as affected by nitrogen increased significantly, so most of stolons which occurred consisted of 1st branch stolon. 5. Until early September, stolon length obtained at nil nitrogen level was chiefly caused by lengthening the primary stolons. By applying nitrogen the primary stolons of korean lawngrass was longer than 1st branch stolons when severe clipping was involved and in turn, shorter than 1st branch stolons when lax clipping was concerned. In manilagrass, 1st branch stolons were much longer than the primary stolons when turf was clipped severely but in conditions of lax clipping, there was little difference in length between primary and 1st branch stolons. 6. Stolon nodes of both korean lawngrass and manilagrass were positively influenced by nitrogen, but no particular increases by imposing clipping height treatment was marked in manilagrass. Although the stolon of korean lawngrass was grown until late october, the growth stimulated by nitrogen was not so remarkable as to exceed that a by nil N. 7. The thickness of korean lawngrass and manilagrass was greatest in late September, but that of manilagrass did not differ significantly from that in late October. 8. The response of stolon length of korean lawngrass to lax clippings was not so great in late October as to that to severe clippings. On the other hand, the positive effect of lax clippings to stolon length in m anilagrass was confirmed even in late October.