• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1736-1743
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• 2017

Sourdough is made by fermentation of dough by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast to improve bread properties like volume, flavor, and texture. A Korean traditional sourdough was made by fermenting rice flour with rice wine (makgeolli) and used to make sponge-like bread (jeung-pyun). The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial diversity of makgeolli products and their influence on the organoleptic quality of jeung-pyun. Three commercial makgeolli were tested for jeung-pyun production, with each product exhibiting varied dough swelling rates and organoleptic qualities, and among them, J-product was ranked highest in texture and taste. Microbial analysis of the three makgeolli also showed a big difference in their population and diversity. J-product had the highest LAB and yeast counts, and the predominant species were Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus brevis, Leuconostoc pseudomenteroides, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using J-product, sourdough was fermented at $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, and $35^{\circ}C$, and the microbial growth in and textural properties of jeung-pyun were examined by instrumental and sensory tests. At high temperature ($35^{\circ}C$), the rates of dough swelling and acidification were fast due to rapid microbial growth mainly caused by LAB, resulting in a short leavening time and soft and sour jeung-pyun. Sensory tests showed consumer preference for the soft and mild-sour jeung-pyun. This study shows that LAB in makgeolli play key roles in production of jeung-pyun, influencing the textural and sensory properties. For the production of high-quality jeung-pyun, development of LAB starters with high gas productivity and low acidity and establishment of an optimal fermentation procedure for rice dough are necessary.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2003년도 제27회 추계학술대회
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• pp.78-78
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• 2003

Purpose: This event related fMRI study was to further our understanding about how different brain regions could contribute to effective access of specific information stored in long term memory. This experiment has allowed us to determine the brain regions involved in recognition of familiar faces among non familiar faces. Materials and Methods: Twelve right handed normal, healthy volunteer adults participated in face recognition experiment. The paradigm consists of two 40 familiar faces, 40 unfamiliar faces and control base with scrambled faces in a randomized order, with null events. Volunteers were instructed to press on one of two possible buttons of a response box to indicate whether a face was familiar or not. Incorrect answers were ignored. A 1.5T MRI system(GMENS) was employed to evaluate brain activity by using blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast. Gradient Echo EPI sequence with TR/TE= 2250/40 msec was used for 17 contiguous axial slices of 7mm thickness, covering the whole brain volume (240mm Field of view, 64 ${\times}$ 64 in plane resolution). The acquired data were applied to SPM99 for the processing such as realignment, normalization, smoothing, statistical ANOVA and statistical preference. Results/Disscusion: The comparison of familiar faces vs unfamiliar faces yielded significant activations in the medial temporal regions, the occipito temporal regions and in frontal regions. These results suggest that when volunteers are asked to recognize familiar faces among unfamiliar faces they tend to activate several regions frequently involved in face perception. The medial temporal regions are also activated for familiar and unfamiliar faces. This interesting result suggests a contribution of this structure in the attempt to match perceived faces with pre existing semantic representations stored in long term memory.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.472-487
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• 2016

This study aimed to determine the effects of floral fragrances on human brain waves and moods. A total of 44 subjects participated in this experiment. Group 1 consisted of 11 male and 14 female college students with a mean age of 24.5 years (${\pm}2.23$) and Group 2 consisted of 10 males and 9 females with a mean age of 54.3 years (${\pm}2.98$). Subjects were exposed to floral fragrances of Rosa hybrida, 'Hera' (hereafter referred to as "rose"), Cymbidium faberi (hereafter referred to as "orchid"), or odorless control flowers (hereafter referred to as "control"). Experiments took place in three rooms (rose, orchid, and control). Electroencephalographs (EEGs) were recorded during exposure to the odors and the data were processed using quantitative electroencephalographic (QEEG) techniques. The changing EEG patterns were analyzed by brain mapping and compressed spectral arrays, and the subjects' preferences (hedonic evaluations) were quantified with an A1 index. Increased activation of absolute alpha waves was verified on six of the eight EEG channels, with the right frontal and left occipital lobes exhibiting no changes and the left parietal region showing the greatest activation. According to the QEEG measurements in the electrode sites over the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, the strongest absolute alpha waves were induced in the parietal lobes, followed by the temporal lobes, with the other lobes showing no significant changes. On brain maps, the orchid fragrance induced greater absolute alpha and absolute mid-beta activities compared with the rose and control fragrances, and the rose fragrance induced high absolute mid-beta activation. To identify emotional responses to floral fragrances, the subjects were requested to fill in a questionnaire and the resulting odor-related emotional descriptors were analyzed using semantic differential and factor analysis. Principal component analysis identified "elegant" as the first principal component describing the floral fragrance, followed by "refreshing" and "aromatic." The subjects gave orchid higher scores for "elegant" and "refreshing," while finding rose more "aromatic." Differences in hedonic evaluation revealed by the A1 index appeared in the 65-115 sec range of scent exposure time. The subjects with ages of around 50 years showed olfactory preferences throughout the entire experimental time of 160 sec, most markedly in the later time segment (115-165 sec), showing an increasing preference with increasing exposure time. We conclude that rose fragrance can improve concentration by creating an aromatic environment conducive to a concentrated and calm state of mind, and orchid fragrance can make people feel pampered and relaxed by creating an elegant and refreshing environment.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.475-485
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• 2007

Methamphetamine is an illicit drug that is often abused and can cause neuropsychiatric and neurotoxic damage. Repeated administration of psychostimulants such as methamphetamine induces a behavioral sensitization. According to a previous study, Bax was involved in neurotoxicity by methamphetamine, but the function of Bax in rewarding effect has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we have studied the function of Bax in a rewarding effect model. In the present study, we treated chronic methamphetamine exposure in a Bax-deficient mouse model and examined behavioral change using a conditioned place preference (CPP) test. The CPP score in Bax knockout mice was decreased compared to that of wild-type mice. Therefore, we screened for Bax-related genes that are involved in rewarding effect using microarray technology. In order to confirm microarray data, we applied the RT-PCR method to observe relative changes of Bcl2, a pro-apoptotic family gene. As a result, using our experiment microarray, we selected genes that were associated with Bax in microarray data, and eventually selected the Tgfbr2 gene. Expression of the Tgfbr2 gene was decreased by methamphetamine in Bax knockout mice, and the gene was overexpressed in Bax wild-type mice. Additionally, we confirmed that Creb, FosB, and c-Fos were related to rewarding effect and Bax using immunohistochemistry.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2000

This study was carried out among 34 patients who visited Yonsei Dental Hospital from 1996. 1. to 1999. 5 for trigeminal neuralgia. By studying the patient's treatment prior to visiting our hospital, features of trigeminal neuralgia, treatment process of trigeminal neuralgia, prognosis of treatment, consultation with other professions and involvement of surgery, etc., the results are as follows: 1. 67.7% of onset age range from 40s to 60s, and average age is 50.2. 2. Ratio of right to left involvement is 1:2.1, male to female ratio is 1:1.9. 3. Occurrence rate of each branch is V3(44.1%), V2(11.8%), V1+V2+V3(11.8), V1+V2(8.8%). 4. Treatments prior to admission to our hospital are extraction(5.9%), endodontic treatment(5.9%), medication(11.8%), Oriental Medicine treatment(5.9%). 5. Routes of admittance to our hospital are by their preference(55.9%), local clinic referral(32.4%), E.N.T referral(5.9%), Neurology referral(5.9%). 6. 70.6% of patients treated at our hospital who were relieved of symptoms, were referred to Neurology(66.7%) and Pain Clinic(33.3%) for the reason of relapse, side effects of the drug itself, incomplete relief of pain. 7. 2 patients who were referred to medical part showed brain vessels contacting trigeminal nerve root on Brain MRangiography. But pain is being controlled by medication and no specific surgical procedure was carried out. The results show that 17.7% of patients admitted received inappropriate early treatment. In order to relieve tooth loss and patient's psychologic stress due to inappropriate treatment, precise differential diagnosis must be made among local teeth disease and idiopathic facial pain. Medication may show side effects of the drug itself, incomplete relief of pain or relapse of symptoms. Therefore, to treat trigeminal neuralgia appropriately by drug injection, surgery or radiation therapy, consultations among dentists, neurologists and anesthesiologists are required.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.738-750
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• 2022

본 논문은 XR 콘텐츠나 인터페이스 환경에서 활용할 수 있는 음향 자극의 종류를 고찰하고, 청각 자극 기반의 감성 유발이 뇌과학적으로 실효성을 가지는지에 대해 논의하였다. 외부 청각자극, 감성변화 및 뇌연결성의 상관관계 규명에 초점을 맞추어, XR 환경에서 사용자 경험을 제고하기 위한 기계학습 기반 개인 맞춤형 사운드 트랙 제공 서비스 개발이 필요하다는 시사점을 도출하였다. 또한, 짧은 음향자극으로 감성을 유발할 수 있는지를 테스트하여 청각자극에 의해 유발된 각성상태에서 우측 전두엽이나 전두엽, 두정엽, 후두엽 네트워크에서 뇌의 기능적 연결성이 강화되고 이완시에는 상반된 패턴을 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 도출된 결과는 보다 입체적인 XR 상호작용 경험을 제시하고 사용자의 XR 인지수용성을 제고하여, 현장에서 실질적으로 적용될 수 있는 초실감 XR 사운드 바이오피드백 시스템 개발에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2000년도 국제심포지움
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• pp.3-4
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• 2000

The synthesis of acyl-CoA catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS, EC 6.2.1.3) from fatty acid, ATP, and CoA is a crucial reaction in mammalian fatty acid metabolism. In arachidonate metabolism, acyl-CoA synthetase(ACS) plays a key role in the esterification of free arachidonate into membrane phospholipids. Following its release by the action of calcium dependent phospholipase, free arachidonate is believed to be rapidly converted to arachidonoyl-CoA and reesterified into phospholipids in order to prevent excessive synthesis of eicosanoids. In previous studies, we have characterized five ACSs (designated as ACS1-5) with different tissue distribution. ACS1, ACS2, and ACS5 are similar in structure and fatty acid preference, and completely different from ACS3 and ACS4. The latter are arachidonate-preferring enzymes closely related in structure but expressed in different tissues: ACS3 mRNA is highly expressed in the brain and the mRNA for ACS4 is expressed in steroidogenic tissues including adrenal gland, ovary, and testis. To learn more about the potential function of ACS4 in arachidonate metabolism, we have produced knock-out mice for ACS4 gene. ACS4+/- females become pregnant less frequently and produce small litters with extremely low transmission of the disrupted alleles. Striking morphological changes including extremely enlarged uterine filled with numerous proliferative cysts of various size were detected in ACS4+/- females. Furthermore, marked accumulation of prostaglandins were seen in the uterus of heterozygous females. These results indicate that ACS4 is critical for the uterine arachidonate metabolism and heterozygous disruption of its gene lead to impaired pregnancy.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.824-836
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• 2020

This study investigated the effects of textile attachments on electroencephalogram using 20 persons (10 males and 10 females). Four types of attachment cushions were manufactured by changing the shell fabric (cotton and microfiber) and interlining (synthetic loose fiber and buckwheat). This was done using BIOS-S8 (BioBrain Inc., Korea), an 8-channel polygraph for multi-body signal measurement, to measure EEG. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 24.0 statistical program. EEG values were significantly activated according to gender, particularly when the subjects' eyes were open. For the male cases, 'RT', 'RAHB' values were highly activated and for the female cases, 'RA', 'RB', 'RG', 'RFA', 'RST', 'RLB', 'RMB', 'RST', 'RMT' values were highly activated. Examining the differences in EEG according to type of attachment indicated no significant difference in both sexes. However, in cases of females with their eyes closed, the 'RSA' index was quite different in the left occipital lobe (O1), and when their eyes were open, the 'RFA' in the right frontal lobe (F4) showed a significant difference. However, there was no obvious correlation between the activation of EEG and the subjective preference of textile attachments.

• 감성과학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 단순노무직, 판매직, 전문직에 종사하는 피험자를 대상으로 100%의 basil oil, lavender oil, lemon oil, jasmine oil, ylang-ylang oil (KIMEX co. Ltd, Korea), skatole (TAKASAGO co. Ltd, Japan)등 총 6가지 종류의 천연향에 대한 두뇌의 정보량 흐름을 파악하기 위해 상호 정보량을 검토하였다. 그 결과, 전문직에서는 상호 정보량의 유의한 변화가 전두엽 사이(F3F4)에서 나타난 반면, 단순노무직과 판매직에서는 전두엽(F3F4), 두정엽(P3P4), 측두엽(T5T6) 사이에서 모두 나타났다 두 직종과 비교하여 전문직이 주로 외부 자극에 대한 고차원적 기능을 담당하는 전두엽영역의 정보량에서 유의한 변화를 보인 것은 향을 전문적으로 구분하고, 확인하는 그들의 직업적 특성을 반영한 결과라 추측된다. 또한, 단순노무직과 달리, 전문직과 판매직은 선호도가 낮은 향에서 상호 정보량이 증가하는 경향을 보여, 향 관련 종사자들의 선호도와 상호 정보량간의 관련성을 시사하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1400-1405
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• 2007

SD계 흰쥐를 사용하여 motor activity 실험에서 동물들의 자발적인 운동성을 측정한 결과, 주어진 시간 내 움직인 시간과 움직인 거리에는 n-3 지방산이 결핍된 식이군(Def group)과 DHA가 첨가된 식이군(Def +DHA group)간에 유의적 차이를 관찰할 수가 없었다. 학습효과 실험에서 n-3 지방산이 결핍된 식이군(Def group)의 경우 목적 플래트폼까지 걸리는 시간이 DHA 첨가 식이군(Def +DHA group)에 비하여 유의적으로 길었음을 관찰할 수가 있었다(p<0.05). 수영한 거리(swimming distance)와 수영 속도(swimming speed)의 경우 수영 속도에는 유의적 차이가 없었으나 n-3 지방산이 결핍된 식이군(Def group)의 경우, DHA 첨가 식이군(Def +DHA group)에 비해 수영 풀에서 움직인 거리가 유의적으로 길었다(p<0.05). 두 식이군의 흰쥐들이 수영한 시간(swimming time)과 쉬고 있는 시간(resting time)의 경우, 쉬는 시간에는 유의적 차이가 없었으나 수영 시간 또한 n-3 지방산이 결핍된 식이(Def group)로 사육된 쥐가 DHA가 첨가된 식이로 사육된 쥐(Def +DHA group)보다 수영한 시간이 유의적으로 길었다(p<0.05). 기억력 테스트에서 n-3 지방산이 결핍된 식이군(Def group)의 경우 원래 A 지역에 대한 기억이 낮아서 A 지역을 지나가는 횟수가 다른 지역 B, C, D를 지나는 횟수와 유의적 차이가 없었다. 반면, DHA가 첨가된 식이군(Def +DHA group)의 경우 목적 플래트폼이 있었던 A 지역에 대한 기억으로 다른 지역인 B, C, D보다 지나가는 횟수가 유의적으로 많았음을 관찰하였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과로부터 임신에서부터 성인이 될 때까지 n-3 지방산이 결핍된 식이로 사육된 쥐와 비교할 때 DHA가 첨가된 식이로 사육된 흰쥐가 Morris water maze를 이용한 공간기억력 실험에서 우수한 기억 학습효과를 나타냄을 알 수가 있었고 이러한 결과는 n-3와 n-6 지방산의 균형적인 섭취의 중요성을 부각시키고 있다.