• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.59-68
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• 1997

터널 등과 같은 지하구조계를 유한요소법 등의 수치적 방법으로 해석할 경우 인위적인 경제에서 파의 반사가 발생하게 되어 실제 결과의 큰 차이를 발생시킨다. 따라서 동역학적 하중을 받는 지하구조계는 실질적인 반무한 구조계로 고려되어야 한다. 특히 지하구조계는 실제 다층구조로 구성되어 있으므로 이러한 다층문제를 고려할 수 있어야 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 외부영역 경제적문제로 해석하기 위한 동적 수치기본해를 개발하였다. 주파수영역의 정적인 경우에 대한 엄밀 적분해와 Bessel 함수의 점근식을 이용한 적분을 통해 축대치문제를 2차원 문제로 보다 쉽게 적용할 수 있도록 하였다. 이와 같이 개발된 동적 수치기본해를 경제 적분 방정식에 적용하여 해석한 결과와 기존 해석결과와의 비교를 통해 그 효율성을 입증하였다. 또한 다층지반내 지하구조물에 대해 지반매체의 각 물성 및 공동의 깊이에 따른 민감도분석을 수해하여 지하구조계의 동적 거동특성 파악의 적용성을 다루었다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집D
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• pp.642-647
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• 2001

This study represents numerical analysis on the thermal and fluid flow of the air layer in a solar collector. The boundary conditions was assumed that the top and bottom wall of the air layer have a heating and cooling surface. respectively. and this calculation model have a solid body with a cooling temperature of $20^{\circ}C$. As the results of simulations. the magnitudes of the velocity vectors and isotherms are increased proportionally to the tilt angles. As the tilt angle is increased. the mean Nusselt numbers are increased and the maximum value of the mean Nusselt number was appeared at tilt angle ${\theta}=75^{\circ}$.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.479-490
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• 1997

We consider long nonlinear waves in the two-layer flow of an inviscid and incompressible fluid bounded above by a free surface and below by a rigid boundary. The flow is forced by a bump on the bottom. The derivation of the forced KdV equation fails when the density ratio h and the depth ratio $\rho$ yields a condition $1 + h\rho = (2-h)((1-h)^2 + 4\rho h)^{1/2}$. To overcome this difficulty we derive a forced modified KdV equation by a refined asymptotic method. Numerical solutions are given and hydraulic fall solution of a two layer fluid is expressed analytically in the case that derivation of the forced KdV (FKdV) equation fails.

• 태양에너지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.15-21
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• 1986

In this study, an experimental double diffusive thermohaline system heated from below was constructed and the phenomena of each layer developed in the system were observed. The experiment was performed with the initial salt concentration gradient of $-436.2kg/m^4$ and the net heat flux of approximately $176w/m^2$. An electroconductivity-temperature probe was made and used for the measurements of salt concentration. As the result of this study, it was found that the salt concentration decreased in the bottom mixed layer and increased in the top mixed layer during the experiment while the salt concentration gradient in the diffusive layer unchanged. It was also found that the interfacial boundary layers were due largely to variations in salt concentration rather than temperature.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2004

Flow characteristics of the inflow ahead of a rotating propeller attached to a container ship model were investigated using a two-frame PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) technique. Ensemble-averaged mean velocity fields were measured at four different blade phases. The mean velocity fields show the acceleration of inflow due to the rotating propeller and the velocity deficit in the near-wake region. The axial velocity distribution of inflow in the upper plane of propeller is quite different from that in the lower plane due to the thick hull boundary layer. The propeller inflow also shows asymmetric axial velocity distribution in the port and starboard side. As the inflow moves toward the propeller, the effect of phase angle variation of propeller blade on the inflow becomes dominant. In the upper plane above the propeller axis the inflow has very low axial velocity and large turbulent kinetic energy, compared with the lower plane. The boundary layer developed along the bottom surface of stern hull forms a strong shear layer affecting vortex structure of the propeller near-wake.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.654-661
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• 2014

We develop accurate finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling of polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells containing Ag nanoparticles between the hole-transporting layer and the transparent conducting oxide-coated glass substrate in the wavelength range of 300 nm to 800 nm. The Drude dispersion modeling technique is used to model the frequency dispersion behavior of Ag nanoparticles, the hole-transporting layer, and indium tin oxide. The perfectly matched layer boundary condition is used for the top and bottom regions of the computational domain, and the periodic boundary condition is used for the lateral regions of the same domain. The developed FDTD modeling is employed to investigate the effect of geometrical parameters of Ag nanospheres on electromagnetic fields in devices. Although negative plasmonic effects are observed in the considered device, absorption enhancement can be achieved when favorable geometrical parameters are obtained.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.5-20
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• 2002

To investigate the effect of mechanical parameters on the circulation and its fluctuation in Sagami Bay, baroclinic model experiments were carried out by use of a two-layer source-sink flow in a rotating tank. In the experiment, a simple coastal topography with flat bottom was reproduced. The results show that the path of the Through Flow, which corresponds to the branch current of the Kuroshio, depends on external Rossby number (Ro) and internal Rossby number $(Ro^*)$, and divided into two regimes. For $Ro^*\leq1.0$ in which Rossby internal radius of deformation of the Through Flow is smaller than the width of the approaching channel, the current flows along the Oshima Island as a coastal boundary density current separated from the western boundary of the channel. For $Ro^*>1.0$ it changes to a jet flow along the western boundary of the channel, separated from the coast of Oshima Island. The current is independent on both Ro and Ro* in the regime of $Ro^*>1.0,\;Ro\geq0.06$ and $Ro^*\leq1.0,\;Ro\geq0.06$. The pattern of the cyclonic circulation in the inner part of the bay is also determined by Ro and Ro*. In case of $Ro^*\leq1.0$, frontal eddies are formed in the northern boundary of the Through Flow. These frontal eddies intrude into the inner part along the eastern boundary of the bay providing vorticity to form and maintain the inner cyclonic circulation. For $Ro^*>1.0$, the wakes from the Izu peninsula are superposed intensifying the cyclonic circulation. The pattern of the cyclonic circulation is divided into three types; 1) weak cyclonic circulation and the inner anticyclonic circulation $(Ro<0.12)$. 2) cyclonic circulation in the bay $(0.12\leq Ro<0.25)$. 3) cyclonic circulation with strong boundary current $(RO\geq0.25)$.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.97-113
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• 2020

In-situ observations were carried out in April 2015 to investigate the occurrence of water temperature inversion in a region west of Jeju Island. Analysis of in-situ in the western part of Jeju island showed that cold water moved to the southeast from the surface to the middle layer and warm water moved from the middle to the lower layer of the northwest direction. The water temperature inversion occurred at 84 stations (63.1%) out of 133 stations. At the boundary of the water temperature inversion layer, it was formed in the middle layer and disappeared. In the strongly appearing, it started from the middle layer to the lower layer. The shape of the water temperature inversion layer was different. As a result of horizontal water temperature slope analysis of the water temperature inversion zone, maximum 0.23℃/km was obtained and the mean was 0.06℃/km. The role of water temperature inversion as an indicator to determine the formation of water front. As a result of the water mass analysis, Jeju Warm Current Water and Tsushima Warm Current Water of high temperature and high salt intruded from the middle to the bottom. In the middle layer occurred as the Yellow Sea Cold Water of low water temperature and low salinity expanded.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.340-349
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• 1991

1987년 8월 24일부터 9월 28일까지 경기만에 발달한 조류 기원 사퇴위에서 측정한 조류 자료를 분석하여 해저면 상부 1.0 m 에서의 조류 속도(U /SUP 100/) 및 경계면에 서의 전단 속도(U /SUP */)를 구하였다. 전 조사기간 동안 평균 조류 속도는 중충(해 저면 상부 9.0 m)에서 창조시 56.3 cm/sec, 낙조시 63.7 cm/sec 의 지수는 0.15로 추 정된다. 해저 경계층에서의 유속 구조가 대수적 속도 구조 (logarithmix velocity profile) 가정을 이용하여 구한 U /SUP 100/, U /SUP */의 평균값은 각각 41.4 cm/sec로 계산되었다. 본 연구에서 계산된 평균 U /SUP */ 값은 (2.39 cm/sec)동일 지 역에서 최(1990)가 보고한 경계면에서의 임계전단 속도 U /SUP *c/ 보다 상당히 크며, 따라서 본 연구지역의 모래는 대부분의 조석 기간중 쉽게 침식 운반되는 것으로 보여 진다.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 1999

A two-layer quasi-geostrophic numerical model is used to investigate the temporal variability of the East Korea Warm Current (EKWC), especially the separation from the Korean coast and the generation of warm eddies. An attention is given on the active role of the nonlinear boundary layer process. For this, an idealized flat bottom model of the East Sea is forced with the annual mean wind curl and with the inflow-outflow specified at the Korea (Tsushima) and Tsugaru Straits. Two types of separation mechanisms are identified. The first one is influenced by the westward movement of the recirculating leg of the EKWC (externally driven separation),the second one is solely driven by the boundary layer dynamics (internally driven separation). However, these two processes are not independent, and usually coexist. It is hypothesized that 'internally driven separation' arises as the result of relative vorticity production at the wall, its subsequent advection via the EKWC, and its accumulation up to a critical level characterized by the separation of the boundary flow from the coast. It is found that the sharp southeastern corner of the Korean peninsula provides a favorable condition for the accumulation of relative vorticity. The separation of the EKWC usually accompanies the generation of a warm eddy with a diameter of about 120 km. The warm eddy has a typical layer-averaged velocity of 0.3 m/s and its lifespan is up to a year. In general, the characteristics of the simulated warm eddy are compatible with observations. A conclusion is therefore drawn that the variability of the EKWC is at least partially self-excited, not being influenced by any sources of perturbation in the forcing field, and that the likely source of the variability is the barotropic instability although the extent of contribution from the baroclinic instability remains unknown. The effects of the seasonal wind curl and inflow-outflow strength are also investigated.