• 제목/요약/키워드: both Palm

검색결과 104건 처리시간 0.03초

느타리(Pleurotus ostreatus) 병재배시 분쇄 열매탈과팜이삭(PEFB : Palm Empty Fruit Bunch)의 비트펄프 대체효과 (Substitution effect of PEFB(Palm Empty Fruit Bunch) for beet pulp in bottle cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus)

  • 강민구;김우현;박준홍;김승한;박석희;우진하;최성용;박소득
    • 한국버섯학회지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.12-16
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    • 2014
  • 느타리버섯 병재배용 재료중 비트펄프를 대체하기 위해 열매탈과팜이삭(PEFB)를 6, 8 mm 형태의 펠렛으로 성형한 후 첨가비율을 달리하여 5개의 처리구로 나누어 느타리버섯을 재배한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 수한1호의 경우, T1 78.8 g, T2 90.6 g, T3 76.0 g, T4 88.6 g, T5 55.4 g으로 대조구인 T1보다 T2, T4처리구에서 수량이 많았다. 춘추계통의 김제5호의 경우, T1 111.6 g, T2 139.8 g, T3 133.47 g, T4 126.8 g, T5 136.2 g으로 T2, T5처리구에서 수량이 많았다. 위 시험결과를 종합해볼 때, 열매탈과팜이삭(PEFB)를 비트펄프로 대체하여 느타리버섯 재배에 이용이 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다.

팜유와 우지로 제조한 라면의 저장 안정성에 대한 산화방지제 효과의 비교 (Relative Effectiveness of Some Antioxidants on Storage Stability of Instant Noodle(Ramyon) Fried by Palm Oil and Beef Tallow)

  • 양주홍;장영상;신효선
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.569-575
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    • 1988
  • 몇가지 산화방지제와 상승제를 첨가한 팜유와 우지로 튀긴 라면의 저장 안정에 대한 산화방지 효과를 저장 라면에서 추출한 유지의 이화학적 항수(과산화물값, carbonyl값, conjugated diene)의 변화와 n-hexanal의 생성량을 측정하여 비교하였다. 팜유와 우지에 ${\delta}-Toc$을 첨가한 것이 $DL-{\alpha}-Toc$을 첨가한 것보다 저장 안정성이 다같이 우수하였고고 ${\delta}-Toc$$DL-{\alpha}-Toc$에 상승제로 ascorbyl palmitate를 첨가하였을 때가 citric acid를 첨가하였을 때 보다 상승효과가 좋았다. 우지에서는 페놀계 산화방지제를 첨가한 것이 tocopherol류를 첨가한 것보다 저장 안정성이 우수하였으나 팜유에서는 BHA와 BHT 혼합제를 첨가한 것이 ${\delta}-Toc$를 첨가한 것보다 저장 안정성이 좋지 못하였다. 저장 라면에서 추출한 유지의 과산화물값, carbonyl값 및 conjugated diene산의 변화는 서로 잘 일치하지 않았다. 그러나 저장라면에 대한 산화방지 효과는 저장 라면중의 hexanal의 농도와 밀접한 관계가 있었다.

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Ni계 이원금속 촉매에 의한 혼합 바이오오일의 안정화를 위한 수소첨가 반응 (Hydrotreating for Stabilization of Bio-oil Mixture over Ni-based Bimetallic Catalysts)

  • 이성찬;;우희철
    • 청정기술
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.69-78
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    • 2021
  • 팜유(palm oil)와 캐슈넛 껍질액(cashew nut shell liquid, CNSL)과 같은 식물유는 한국에서 수송용 바이오-디젤 혹은 발전용 바이오-중유의 주요 원료로서 사용되고 있다. 그러나, 이들은 탄화수소의 이중결합에 의한 높은 불포화도와 더불어 카르복실산에 기인한 높은 산소의 함량으로 인하여 연료유로서의 적용 범위에 한계가 있다. 이러한 관점에서, 본 연구는 팜유와 CNSL이 1/1 v/v%으로 이루어진 혼합 바이오오일에 포함된 불포화탄화수소를 포화시키고 산소 성분을 제거하기 위한 수소화처리 반응을 단일금속촉매(Ni과 Cu)와 이원금속촉매(Ni-Zn, Ni-Fe, Ni-Cu Ni-Co, Ni-Pd와 Ni-Pt) 들을 적용하여 완화된 반응조건(온도 250 ~ 400 ℃, 압력 5 ~ 80 bar와 LHSV 1 h-1) 하에서 수행하였다. Ni 활성성분에 대한 귀금속과 전이금속의 첨가는 수소화반응(HYD)과 탈산소반응(HDO)의 두 반응에 대한 활성을 증가시키는 시너지 효과를 보였다. 가장 활성이 뛰어난 유망한 촉매는 Ni-Cu/��-Al2O3으로서 Ni/Cu의 원소비가 9/1 ~ 1/4의 넓은 범위에서 HYD반응과 HDO반응에 대한 전환율이 각각 90 ~ 93%와 95 ~ 99%을 보였다. 이와 같이 Ni/Cu의 원소 비율이 넓은 범위에서 일정한 촉매반응활성을 보임에 따라 전형적인 구조비민감성 반응임을 알 수 있다. 그리고, 수소화처리 반응에 의해 정제된 혼합 바이오오일은 원료 혼합 바이오오일에 비해 요오드가, 산가 및 동점도가 크게 낮아졌으며, 고위발열량은 약 10% 증가되었다.

저해상도 손 제스처 영상 인식에 대한 연구 (A Study on Hand Gesture Recognition with Low-Resolution Hand Images)

  • 안정호
    • 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.57-64
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    • 2014
  • 최근 물리적 디바이스의 도움 없이 사람이 시스템과 인터랙션 할 수 있는 인간 친화적인 인간-기계 인터페이스가 많이 연구되고 있다. 이중 대표적인 것이 본 논문의 주제인 비전기반 제스처인식이다. 본 논문에서 우리는 설정된 가상세계의 객체와의 인터랙션을 위한 손 제스처들을 정의하고 이들을 인식할 수 있는 효과적인 방법론을 제안한다. 먼저, 웹캠으로 촬영된 저해상도 영상에서 사용자의 양손을 검출 및 추적하고, 손 영역을 분할하여 손 실루엣을 추출한다. 우리는 손 검출을 위해, RGB 공간에서 명암에 따라 두개의 타원형 모델을 이용하여 피부색을 모델링하였으며, 블랍매칭(blob matching) 방법을 이용하여 손 추적을 수행하였다. 우리는 플러드필(floodfill) 알고리즘을 이용해 얻은 손 실루엣의 행/열 모드 검출 및 분석을 통해 Thumb-Up, Palm, Cross 등 세 개의 손모양을 인식하였다. 그리고 인식된 손 모양과 손 움직임의 콘텍스트를 분석해서 다섯 가지 제스처를 인식할 수 있었다. 제안하는 제스처인식 방법론은 정확한 손 검출을 위해 카메라 앞에 주요 사용자가 한 명 등장한다는 가정을 하고 있으며 많은 실시간 데모를 통해 효율성 및 정확성이 입증되었다.

여섯 손가락증의 수술적 교정: 새로운 수술 방법의 고안과 적용 (Surgical Correction of Hexadactyly: Innovation of new technique and its application)

  • 탁관철;이명철
    • Archives of Plastic Surgery
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    • 제36권5호
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    • pp.642-648
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: Hexadactyly without thumb is a rare congenital anomaly of the hand where six triphalangeal digits are symmetrically distributed without thumb. Contrary to mirror hands, triphalangeal six digits are symmetrically distributed on each side at the midline with well - differentiated carpal bones, extensor tendons, one ulnar and one radius. The authors developed a new surgical technique based on a three - dimensional concept to correct the hexadactyly and applied to 2 cases of hexadactyly with good functional and aesthetic results. Here we document the surgical technique and its result. Methods: A 16 month old male patient visited our clinic with chief complaints of bilateral hexadactyly deformity. On physical examination most radial first and second digits showed no opposition and adduction motion on both side hands. Radiography showed 6 triphalangeal digits with normal development of carpal, radial and ulnar bone. Right side abnormality was corrected by removal of most radial side extra - digit, rotation and migration of 2nd ray to thumb position and creation of 1st web by transposing a mid - palm based rectangular palmar flap as in Snow & Littler procedure which has been being applied for correction of 1st web syndactyly in cleft hand deformity. Seven months later, left side abnormality was also corrected with the same procedure. Results: Postoperative appearances of the both hands were satisfactory. Flexion, extension, opposition and grasping were possible with the pollicized 2nd ray. Pinching power was 3.0 kg 15 months after surgery and 2.5 kg 22 months after in right hand respectively. Conclusion: In correction of hexadactyly deformity, satisfactory aesthetic and relevant functional results can be expected with authors' newly developed technique: removal of most radial digit, rotation and migration of 2nd digit to thumb position as well as creation of the 1st web space by transposition of mid - palm based rectangular flap.

Effect of Dietary β-Mannanase Supplementation and Palm Kernel Meal Inclusion on Laying Performance and Egg Quality in 73 Weeks Old Hens

  • Lee, Jun Yeob;Kim, Sang Yun;Lee, Jae Hwan;Lee, Jeong Heon;Ohh, Sang Jip
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제55권2호
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    • pp.115-122
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    • 2013
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase supplementation and palm kernel meal (PKM) inclusion (5%) on laying performance, egg quality and nutrient utilizability of laying hens with 73 weeks of age. A total of 240 Lohmann brown laying hens with average 77.5% egg production were randomly allocated with 60 hens per treatment, 4 replicates per treatment and 15 hens per replicate. Experimental design was a completely randomized design with $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement, with the factors being (1) two levels of PKM (0 vs. 5%) and (2) with or without dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase (480 IU/kg of diet CTCzyme$^{(R)}$) supplementation. All hens were housed in cages ($35cmW{\times}35cmD{\times}40cmH$) with 2 hens per cage for six weeks feeding trial. Laying performance was recorded daily during feeding trial. Egg quality, nutrients utilizability and blood assays were done at the end of feeding trial. Egg production was improved (P<0.05) by both dietary PKM inclusion and ${\beta}$-mannanase combined supplementation. Either ${\beta}$-mannanase or PKM did not affect feed intakes and feed conversion ratio of all diets. Egg weight of hens fed diet containing 5% of PKM had heavier (P<0.05) eggs compared with hens fed without PKM. Albumen height was improved (P<0.05) by dietary mannanase supplementation. Crude fat utilization of 5% PKM diet was higher than that of no PKM diet regardless of ${\beta}$-mannanase supplementation. Both DM and total carbohydrate utilization were decreased (P<0.05) in hens fed 5% PKM diet. Serum IgG and yolk IgY contents of PKM groups were lower (P<0.05) than those of no PKM groups. This result showed that 5% PKM diet, independent of dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase supplementation, was able to improve egg production. In addition, dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase supplementation could be used for improving the albumen height of eggs.

견관절부 외상후 발생된 Shoulder-Hand Syndrome (A Case of the Shoulder-Hand Syndrome Caused by a Crush Injury of the Shoulder)

  • 전재수;이성근;송후빈;김선종;박욱;김성열
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.155-166
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    • 1989
  • Bonica defined, that reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) may develop pain, vasomotor abnoramalities, delayed functional recovery, and dystrophic changes on an affected area without major neurologic injury following trauma, surgery or one of several diseased states. This 45 year old male patient had been crushed on his left shoulder by a heavily laden rear car, during his job street cleaning about 10 years ago (1978). At first the pain was localizea only to the site of injury, but with time, it spreaded from the shoulder to the elbow and hand, with swelling. X-ray studies in the local clinic, showed no bone abnormalities of the affected site. During about 10 years following the injury, the had recieved several types of treatments such as nonsteroidal analgesics, steroid injections into the glenoidal cavity (10 times), physical therapy, some oriental herb medicines, and acupuncture over a period of 1~3 months annually. His shoulder pain and it's joint dysfunction persisted with recurrent paroxysmal aggrevation because of being mismanaged or neglected for a sufficiently long period these fore permiting progression of the sympathetic imbalance. On July 14 1988 when he visited our clinic. He complained of burning, aching and had a hyperpathic response or hyperesthesia in touch from the shoulder girdle to the elbow and the hand. Also the skin of the affected area was pale, cold, and there was much sweating of the axilla and palm, but no edema. The shoulder girdle was unable to move due to joint pain with marked weakness. We confirmed skin temperatures $5^{\circ}C$ lower than those of the unaffected axilla, elbow and palm of his hand, and his nails were slightly ridged with lateral arching and some were brittle. On X-ray findings of both the shoulder AP & lateral view, the left humerus and joint area showed diffuse post-traumatic osteoporosis and fibrous ankylozing with an osteoarthritis-like appearance. For evaluating the RSD and it's relief of pain, the left cervical sympathetic ganglion was blocked by injecting 0.5% bupivacaine 5 ml with normal saline 5 ml (=SGB). After 15 minutes following the SGB, the clinical efficacy of the block by the patients subjective score of pain intensity (=PSSPI), showed a 50% reduction of his shoulder and arm pain, which was burning in quality, and a hyperpathic response against palpation by the examiner. The skin temperatures of the axilla and palm rose to $4{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ more than those before the SGB. He felt that his left face and upper extremity became warmer than before the SGB, and that he had reduced sweating on his axilla and his palm. Horner's sign was also observed on his face and eyes. But his deep shoulder joint pain was not improved. For the control of the remaining shoulder joint pain, after 45 minutes following the SGB, a somatic sensory block was performed by injecting 0.5% bupivacaine 6 ml mixed with salmon calcitonin, $Tridol^{(R)}$, $Polydyn^{(R)}$ and triamcinolone into the fossa of the acromioclavicular joint region. The clinical effect of the somatic block showed an 80% releif of the deep joint pain by the PSSPI of the joint motion. Both blocks, as the above mentioned, were repeated a total of 28 times respectively, during 6 months, except the steroid was used just 3 times from the start. For maintaining the relieved pain level whilst using both blocks, we prescribed a low dose of clonazepam, prazocin, $Etravil^{(R)}$, codeine, etodolac micronized and antacids over 6 months. The result of the treatments were as follows; 1) The burning, aching and hyperpathic condition which accompanied with vaosmotor and pseudomotor dysfunction, disappeared gradually to almost nothing, within 3 weeks from the starting of the blocks every other day. 2) The joint disability of the affected area was improved little by little within 6 months. 3) The post-traumatic osteoporosis, fibrous ankylosis and marginal sclerosis with a narrowed joint, showed not much improvement on the X-ray findings (on April 25, 1989) 10 months later in the follow-up. 4) Now he has returned to his job as a street cleaner.

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수장부 다한증환자의 흉부 교감신경절단술후 교감신경 피부반응 (The Sympathetic Skin Responses after Thoracic Sympathicotomy for Patients with Palmar Hyperhidrosis)

  • 김오곤;홍종면;이석재;홍장수;이광래;김상규
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제32권6호
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    • pp.579-583
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    • 1999
  • 배경: 다한증에 대한 교감신경절단술은 안전하며 확실한 치료방법으로 인정받고 있다. 다한증 환자의 교감신경절단술의 객관적 평가와 추적 관찰을 위해 수술 전후 교감신경 피부반응검사(Sympathetic Skin Response, SSR)를 시행하였고 그 임상적 유용성을 검증하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 수장부다한증 환자 15명을 대상으로 교감신경절단술 전후에 Medelec Sapphire Plus 근전도 기기를 이용하여 교감신경 피부반응을 검사하였다. 환자는 앙와위 자세에서 우측 정중신경을 전기자극하여 이를 네 개의 채널로 우측 손바닥, 좌측 손바닥, 우측 발바닥, 좌측 발바닥에서 동시에 기록하였으며 피부 온도도 같이 측정하였다. 모든 환자에서 비디오 흉강경을 이용한 T2,3 교감신경절단술을 시행하였다. 2명의 환자에서는 수술 한달 후에 교감신경피부반응검사를 시행하였다. 결과: 임상적으로 15명 모두에서 만족스러운 증상의 호전을 보였으며, 수술 후 합병증으로 5명의 환자에서 적은양의 잔유 기흉이 있었으나 자연 흡수되었다. 추적 관찰에서 재발은 없었고 10명(66%)의 환자에서 보상성 다한증을 호소하였다. 수술후 모든 환자에서 교감신경 피부반응의 변화를 보였고 15명중 양손에서는 12명(80%), 양발에서는 6명이 교감신경 피부반응의 완전소실을 보였고, 나머지 환자에서도 잠복시간은 양측 손과 발에서 현저히 지연되어 나타났으며 진폭도 현저히 감소하였다. 수술 한달 후 검사 할수 있었던 2명의 환자에서 수술 직후 검사와 비슷한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 피부 온도는 수술전 양쪽 손과 발에서 정상보다 낮았으며 수술 후 양측 손과 발에서 모두 상승하였고 통계학적으로 유의하였으며(p<0.05), 발에서 보다 손에서 더 많이 상승하였다. 결론: 수장부 다한증 환자의 교감신경절단술후 모든 환자에서 양쪽 손과 발에서 피부온도의 상승과 교감신경 피부반응의 변화를 보였고, 12명의 환자(80%)에서는 양손에서 교감신경 피부반응이 완전히 소실되었으며, 추적관찰에서도 술후 검사와 비슷한 결과를 보였다. 교감신경 피부반응검사는 다한증 환자의 교감신경절단술후의 평가와 재발 등의 추적관찰에 있어서 객관적인 방법으로 이용될 수 있으리라 생각된다.

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적외선 체열 촬영을 이용한 수부냉증 진단의 절단값 산정 (The Cut Off Values for Diagnosing Cold Hypersensitivity of Hands by Using Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging)

  • 조준영;박경선;이창훈;장준복;이경섭;이진무
    • 대한한방부인과학회지
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.95-102
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to define the cut off values of cold hypersensitivity of hands by using digital infrared thermographic imaging(DITI). Methods: Thermographic images of 130 patients with cold hypersensitivity of hands(CHHG, n=65) and non-cold hypersensitivity of hands(NCHHG, n=65) were retrospectively reviewed. We used the temperature difference the palm(PC8) and the upper arm(LU4) for diagnosing cold hypersensitivity of hands. The temperature differences of between two groups were analysed using independent samples t-tests. The cut off values were calculated by ROC curve analysis. Analyses were undertaken using SPSS version 17.0. P value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The temperature difference the palm(PC8) and the upper arm(LU4) were significantly different between groups(p < 0.001). Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve were 70.8%, 73.8%, respectively both hands. The AUC was 0.822 on right hand and 0.818 on left hand. The optimum cut-off value was defined as $-0.05^{\circ}C$. Conclusions: These results suggest that DITI is a reliable instrument for estimating the cold hypersensitivity of hands.

Fouling behaviours of two stages microalgae/membrane filtration system applied to palm oil mill effluent treatment

  • Teow, Yeit Haan;Wong, Zhong Huo;Takriff, Mohd Sobri;Mohammad, Abdul Wahab
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • 제9권5호
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    • pp.373-383
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    • 2018
  • Fouling by solids and microorganisms is the major obstacle limiting the efficient use of membrane wastewater treatment. In our previous study, two stages microalgae/membrane filtration system was proposed to treat anaerobic digested palm oil mill effluent (AnPOME). This two stages microalgae/membrane filtration system had showed great potential for the treatment of AnPOME with high removal of COD, $NH_3-N$, $PO_4{^{3-}}$, TSS, turbidity, and colour. However, fouling behavior of the membrane in this two stages microalgae/membrane filtration system was still unknown. In this study, empirical models that describe permeate flux decline for dead-end filtration (pore blocking - complete, intermediate, and standard; and cake layer formation) presented by Hermia were used to fit the experimental results in identifying the fouling mechanism under different experimental conditions. Both centrifuged and non-centrifuged samples were taken from the medium with 3 days RT intervals, from day 0 to day 12 to study their influence on fouling mechanisms described by Hermia for ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO) filtration mode. Besides, a more detailed study on the use of resistance-in-series model for deadend filtration was done to investigate the fouling mechanisms involved in membrane filtration of AnPOME collected after microalgae treatment. The results showed that fouling of UF and NF membrane was mainly caused by cake layer formation and it was also supported by the analysis for resistance-in-series model. Whereas, fouling of RO membrane was dominated by concentration polarization.