• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2007

Ethanol extract of 20 botanicals in 3 concentrations i.e., 2.5%, 5% and 10% were evaluated for their efficacy to improve reproductive performance of mulberry silkworm (Bombyx mod L.) through feeding botanical enriched mulberry leaves during $2^{nd}$ day of $4^{th}$ age as well as $1^{st}$ and $3^{rd}$ day of $5^{th}$ age larvae. The preliminary screening was done by ranking the botanicals based on influence in most important reproductive contributing parameters such as single cocoon weight, effective rate of rearing, pupation rate, fecundity and recovery of eggs/kg cocoon. Five botanicals viz., Asparagus recemosus, Achyranthes aspera, Tribulus terrestris, Withania somnifera, Parthenium histerophorus ranked first were further evaluated at 8% 5% and 3% concentrations to confirm their effectiveness and standardize effective concentration. Among the rearing parameters, mature larval weight, shell ratio and number of cocoons/kg were not significantly influenced by the treatments. However, reproductive parameters such as effective rate of rearing (wt), pupation rate (%), fecundity (No.) and egg recovery (g)/kg cocoon were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the botanicals. Higher fecundity and egg recovery were obtained on treatment with Withania somnifera irrespective of concentrations. However at 5% concentration, pupation rate, fecundity as well as egg recovery were found significantly higher than that of other concentrations, confirming its effectiveness for improving reproductive efficiency.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.282-289
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• 2003

Animal feed additives are used worldwide for many different reasons. Some help to cover the needs of essential nutrients and others to increase growth performance, feed intake and therefore optimize feed utilization. The health status of animals with a high growth performance is a predominant argument in the choice of feed additives. The use of feed additives is more and more questioned by the consumers. Therefore, the feed industry is highly interested in valuable alternatives which could be accepted by the consumers. Probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes and highly available minerals as well as herbs can be seen as alternatives. Herbs, spices and their extracts (botanicals) have a wide range of activities. They can stimulate feed intake and endogenous secretions or have antimicrobial, coccidiostatic or anthelmintic activity. A major field of application of herbs is the protection of animals and their products against oxidation.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2009

An in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of certain botanicals viz., rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and leaves of amla (Phyllanthus emblica), asparagus (Asparagus racemosus), bael (Aegle marmelos), boerhavia (Boerhavia diffusa), garlic (Allium sativum) and basil (Oscimum basicilum) against bacterial pathogens viz., Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp. and Klebsiella cloacae, of silkworm, Bombyx mori. Asparagus and basil, amla and boerhavia, basil and bael at concentration of 20, 000 ppm showed higher antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp., K. cloacae respectively, both in vitro and in vivo studies.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.121-125
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• 2018

Maize (Zea mays L.; 2N=20) is major staple food crop grown worldwide adapted to several biotic and abiotic stresses. Maydis leaf blight (MLB) and banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) are serious foliar fungal diseases may cause up to 40% and 100% grain yield loss, respectively. The present studies were undertaken to work out the efficacy of chemicals, botanicals and bioagents for the management of MLB and BLSB under field condition for two seasons Kharif 2014 and 2015. Five molecules (propiconazole 25 EC, hexaconazole 25 EC, carbendazim 50 WP, mancozeb 75 WP and carbedazim 12 WP + mancozeb 63 WP), two bioagents i.e. Trichoderma harzianum and T. viridae and three botanicals namely azadirachtin, sarpagandha and bel pathar were tested for their efficacy against MLB. Eight newer fungicides viz., difenconazole 250 SC, hexaconazole 5 EC, carbendazim 50WP, validamycin 3 L, tebuconazole 250 EC, trifloxystrobin 50 WG + tebuconazole 50 WG, azoxystrobin 250 EC and pencycuron 250 SC were evaluated against BLSB. Analysis revealed significant effects of propiconazole at 0.1%, carbendazim 12 WP + mancozeb 63 WP at 0.125% and sarpagandha leaves at 10% against MLB pathogen, whereas validamycin at 0.1% and trifloxystrobin 25 WG + tebuconazole 50 WG at 0.05% were found effective against BLSB. The slow rate of disease control virtually by the bioagents might have not shown instant effect on plant response to the yield enhancing components. The identified sources of management can be used further in strengthening the plant protection in maize against MLB and BLSB.

• 식물병연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.175-185
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• 2012

The problems caused by synthetic pesticides have led the need for effective biodegradable pesticides with greater selectivity. Botanical pesticides are generally recognized as safe in agriculture systems. Thus, they have been regarded as attractive alternatives to synthetic chemical pesticides for the pest management. Both lower efficacy and higher costs of production make botanicals more expensive to use than conventional pesticides. Moreover, only a small portion of plant-derived metabolites among a number of bioactive metabolites are in use because commercialization of botanicals is inhibited by several problems such as toxicity, or high production cost. However, with the growing acceptance of botanical pesticides as an efficient crop protection alternative resulting in increasing demand, plant-based pesticides will play a significant role in achieving sustainable agriculture in future.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.47-54
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• 2002

Many cultures have traditions that encompass the use of herbs, spices, and other plants for medicinal purposes. From the ancient past to the present medicinal knowledge has been passed down to new generations in the form of shamans, medicine men, healers, and the like. In the past decade there has been a surge of scientific interest in complementary and alternative medicine, much of which has its origins in traditional medicine. It has been recognized for some time that dietary patterns and content affect cancer risk. Epidemiological studies have strongly suggested that the fruit and vegetable content of the diet associates with reduced risk for colon, lung, prostate, and other cancers. Many different types of cellular mechanisms have been postulated by which compounds in botanicals can prevent cancer. Mechanisms particular to the prevention of colon cancer will be addressed in this review.

• 대한한의정보학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.69-145
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• 2011

Characteristics Regarding Xiang Yao (Hyang Yag) Jiu Ji Fang Life Saving Local Botanical prescriptions in Medical Research Xiang Yao Jiu Ji Fang is Korea's most ancient extant medical manuscript. It was first published between 1232 and 1251 during the Goguryeo period (Gao Zong) by the (Jianghuadao Da Cang Du Jian) Great Storage Depository Under Capital Supervision. The entire work is divided into three scrolls named the front, middle and back parts. There is also an appendix titled Fangzhong Xiang Yao Mu Cao Bu 'Catalogue of Medicines in the Local Botanicals prescriptions' in one volume. The contents comprise discussion of internal medicine diseases, external medicine diseases, commentaries on sexually transmitted diseases, diseases caused by parasites and bugs, diseases of the five orifices, gynecological diseases and pediatric diseases, in all totaling fifty three types of disease. The prescriptions record 180 types of xiangyao or hyang yag-local botanicals representing the beginning of an independent Korean path of development. Owing to the development during the Goguryeo period of medical material left to us by history, investigation and research in the area of hyang yag local botanicals has bequeathed us methods used in the contemporary period. Through the related comprehensive annotated explanatory notes and documents, much analysis and discussion is taking shape.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2012

Botanicals have been regarded as sustainable solution of pest control because of their nominal effect on nontarget pest, biodegradability and other environment friendly properties. However, study on impact of botanicals against beneficial insects is less. In this investigation effort has been made to study the effect of essential oils of Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum gratissimum and Ageratum conyzoides against non-mulberry silkworm Antheraea assama in terms of percent mortality, total haemocyte count (THC) and phenol oxidase (PO) enzyme activity. After application of essential oil of the plants by contact residual film technique, age dependent decrease of percent mortality was recorded. Topical treatment of oil at higher dosages ($1{\mu}lg^{-1}$ and $0.5{\mu}lg^{-1}$) caused 100% mortality of late instar larvae at 24 hour but the lowest dose ($0.25{\mu}lg^{-1}$) did not cause any mortality till 48 hour of treatment. Initial increase of total haemocyte count (THC) was recorded at early hours of treatment (0.25 hour) at all dosages (1, 0.5, $0.25{\mu}lg^{-1}$) after topical treatment. A dose dependent increase was observed in phenol oxidase enzyme activity and this might indicate ability of the essential oils to cause induction of immune response in Antheraea assama larvae.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2007

For developing an integrated eco-friendly package against root knot disease complex of mulberry caused by the association of Meloidogyne incognita with Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum causing serious loss in terms of leaf yield and quality during cultivation, twenty botanical extracts at 5, 10 & 20% concentrations were screened under in vitro conditions. Among the extracts, Allium sativum followed by Lasownia inermis were found to be effective at 20% concentration against both the virulent fungi and nematode. Both the extracts reduced the mycelial growth of virulent fungi to an extent of 76-100%, inhibited the hatching of nematode eggs by 80-90% and 76-85% larval mortality over the control. The other extracts were found either moderately or poorly effective in reducing the growth of fungi, hatching of nematode eggs and enhancing the mortality of larvae. The two effective botanical extracts, which rated as strong inhibitors against both nematode and virulent fungi, can be utilized in developing an integrated ecofriendly technology for better management of root knot disease complex in mulberry.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.289-300
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• 2020

Objectives : In this paper, We pointed out medico-historical meaning of Hyang'yak Kugŭppang (鄕藥救急方, Medical Recipes of Local Botanicals for Emergency Use), a medical book of Koryŏ Dynasty, breaking from the existing analysis view based on Hyang'yak (鄕藥), local herbs produced in Korean Peninsula. Methods : For that purpose, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of the diseases and symptoms, strategies of treatment, therapeutic tools, drug formulations, composition of herbal formulas in Hyang'yak Kugŭppang. Results : The following characteristics were confirmed in Hyang'yak Kugŭppang. First, it contained a way to cope with the diseases and symptoms that do not have to check the exterior, interior, cold, and heat. Also, it introduced basic strategies such as reducing, facilitating flow, draining downward, warming, or tonifying, etc. It mainly included herbal medicine as the therapeutic tools, and introduced formulas composed by single herb than complex recipes. It suggested external applications more than internal use, and proposed formulations in the form of decoctions or powders, etc. The herbs of formulas were used by experience without explanations of nature & taste, efficacy of each herbs. Conclusions : Hyang'yak Kugŭppang is a book of medical recipes for emergency use that has been distributed to help gentries, even if they do not have professional medical knowledge, to instantly cope with diseases and symptoms with medicines that are easy to obtain. Previous researches has analyzed the value of Hyang'yak Kugŭppang as a collection of information of hyang'yak, and used it as a historical basis of the uniqueness of Korean medicine. Since Hyang'yak Kugŭppang is not a book specialized for herbs, but rather a clinical medical book that introduces recipes for specific symptoms of diseases, if we pay attention to the clinical characteristics of Hyang'yak Kugŭppang, it will provide an opportunity to describe Koryŏ or Korean medicine in a new way.