• 자원환경지질
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.205-213
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• 1980

Stannite is mainly found in hypothermal ore deposits, whereas mawsonite and stannoidite occur characteristically with bornite and chalcopyrite in subvolcanic (xenothermal) ore deposits. Mawsonite always shows the replacement on the rims of stannoidite grains or along the grain boundaries of stannoidite, bornite and chalcopyrite. In the Tada mine, Japan, the following mineral assemblages of the Cu-Fe-Sn-S minerals were observed. 1) bornite-stannoidite; 2) stannoidite-chalcopyrite; 3) stannite-chalcopyrite; 4) bornite-mawsonite-stannoidite; 5) bornite-stannoidite-chalcopyrite; 6) mawsonite-stannoidite-chalcopyrite; 7) stannoidite-stannite-chalcopyrite; 8) bornite-mawsonite-stannoidite-chalcopyrite The heating and D.T.A. experimental results indicate that natural stannoidite containing 3 weight percent of zinc decomposes to bornite, stannite and chalcopyrite at above $500^{\circ}C$, whereas zinc-free synthetic stannoidite is stable up to $800^{\circ}C$. The stability temperature of zincian stannoidite depends on the zinc content. Mawsonite is stable at temperatures below $390^{\circ}C$ and decomposed to stannoidite, bornite and chalcopyrite above it. According to the sulfur fugacity determination by the electrum tarnish method the univariant assemblage of mawsonite, bornite, stannoidite and chalcopyrite requires a higher sulfur fugacity than that of bornite, stannoidite and chalcopyrite assemblage.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2015

구리 슬래그에 대한 광물학적 및 화학적 특성을 연구하기 위하여 광학현미경, SEM/EDS, EPMA, AAS 및 XRD분석을 수행하였다. 또한 이 슬래그가 Cu의 잠재적인 금속자원로서의 가능성이 있는지 조사하기 위하여 황산 용출-실험을 수행하였다. 슬래그에는 철감람석, 크롬철석, 반동석과 황동석이 포함되어 있는 것을 확인하였다. 침상의 철감람석과 뼈대구조의 자형 크롬철석이 주로 슬래그를 형성하고 있으며 많은 양의 반동석과 황동석이 포함되어 있었다. 슬래그에 Fe와 Cu가 각각 18.37%와 0.93%로 함유되었다. 황산 용출-실험을 수행한 결과, 용출액의 농도와 용출온도가 증가할수록, 입도가 감소할수록 Cu와 Fe 용출률은 증가하였다. 본 실험조건하에서는 Cu와 Fe가 최적으로 용출되는 조건은 32 mesh에서, 2.0 M의 황산농도에서 그리고 용출온도 $60^{\circ}C$에서였다. 따라서 향후, 용출규모를 증가시킨다면 슬래그는 구리의 잠재적 대체금속자원이 될 것으로 예상된다.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권26호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2005

This study is to be investigated through component analysis and metallurgical texture in order to save an information of the manufacturing technique for the bronze bell in Naksan-sa. The bronze bell was analyzed with nine samples not stirred by the fire and except the contents of tin is the maximum and minimum the average of Cu is 81.8wt%, Sn is15.8wt% and indicates that some impurities are in it. With the result of an analysis of component and microtexture for impurities material which exists in it with using the SEM-EDS, the material was revealed the sulfur. As the result of these factors, the bronze bell of Naksan-sa is used from ore which mainly consist of the Chalcopyrite($CuFeS_2$) or Bornite($Cu_5FeS_4$) containing much sulfur.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.133-144
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• 1972

The mine of our present concern is situated at Shim-ri, Gusan-myon, Changwon-gun, Kyongsang-namdo, with lattitude $128^{\circ}35^{\prime}{\sim}36^{\prime}N$ and longitude $35^{\circ}03^{\prime}{\sim}04^{\prime}E$. This mine has not been noticed until the intermittent geological survey for the ore deposits were initiated from September, 1967 till 1970. The main mineralized zones, No.1 and No.2 zones, were studied by the diamond drilling of 9 holes down to the total depth of 1,140m, and found to have ore reserves of Cu 1.99% ore, estimated to reach around $358,000{\frac{M}{T}}$ (proved $117,000{\frac{M}{T}}$, indicated $241,000{\frac{M}{T}}$), which triggered the new exploitation of this mine. Geological composition of the district near the mine is mainly from the andesite belonging to the Silla Series of Kyongsang System and the distribution is broadly spread. Ore deposits are the hydrothermal one, filling the shear zone formed alongside the andesite main joint. There are two stripes of copper bearing mineralized zone which are about 40~70 meters apart and parallel to each other, in addition to which two others are expected. The strike of the main mineralized zone lies at $N15^{\circ}{\sim}20^{\circ}W$, the dip at $60^{\circ}{\sim}70^{\circ}NE$. The principal components of the ore mineral are chalcopyrite, bornite and as secondary, cuprite, tenorite, azurite and malachite. Pyrite, magnetite, specular hematite, very little of galena, sphalerite, quartz, epidote, zoisite, chlorite and calcite are found as gangue mineral. Confirmed by the drilling, the main mineralized zone, No.1 zone, has the length of 320m, average width of 1.62m, Ag 26g/t, Cu 1.84% and the average width of the ore zone except the narrow barren andesite horse interposed in the mineralized zone is 1.32m with Ag 32g/t and Cu 2.26%. The mineralized zone No.2 is 340m long, 1.00m wide with Ag 30g/t and Cu 2.15%. Neglecting the barren andesite horse the width is 0.73m with Ag 42g/t and Cu 2.94%.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1998

Copper mineralization of the Donghwa and Hwanghagsan mines was deposited in hydrothermal quartz veins which filled fissures in Cretacous sedimentary rocks. Ore minerals are pyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, bornite, galena, wittichenite and unidentified Cu-Bi-Pb-Sb-S mineral. On the basis of salinities and homogenization temperatures for fluid inclusions, the Donghwa deposit was deposited from $300^{\circ}C$ to $220^{\circ}C$ with 2.5 to 0.2 wt.% eq. NaCl, and the Hwanghagsan deposits was deposited from $300^{\circ}C$ to $160^{\circ}C$ with 4.0 to 0.0 wt.% eq. NaCl. Evidence of boiling suggests pressure of 170 to 60 bar, these pressures correspond to 1700 m to 600 m. The ${\delta}^{34}S_{H_2S}$ values of the Donghwa deposit (4.8~7.4%) are higher than those of the Hwanghagsan deposit (3.5~4.5%), sulfur isotope compositions indicate that ore fluids partially reacted with meteoric water and wall-rock. Equilibrium thermodynamic interpretation indicates that the temperature versus $fs_2$ of the Donghwa deposit (> $420^{\circ}C$, $10^{-3.2}atm$) is higher condition than that of the Hwanghagsan deposit (> $290^{\circ}C$, $10^{-7.0}atm$). K-Ar ages for biotite granite and quartz porphyry in the study area are 64.7 Ma, and 60.9 Ma, reapectively. Mineralization age using sericite in the Donghwa deposits is 59.8 Ma. Therfore, Copper mineralization in the study area was associated with acidic igneous activity such as biotite granite or quartz porphyry.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.189-204
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• 1982

The Geodo mine is located in the southern limb of the Hambaeg syncline. Geology of the area consists of Paleozoic-Mesozoic sedimentary Rocks and Cretaceous igneous rocks. The important igneous rocks presumably related to skarnization and ore mineralization in the area, are the early granodiorite and the late porphyritic granodiorite. Two mineralogical types of ore deposits are recognized in the area. They are the Fe-Cu deposits in the Myobong formation and the Au-Bi-Cu deposits in the Hwajeol formation. Contact metamorphism due to granodiorite intrusion includes hornfelsization, exoskarnization and endoskarnization. Wall-rock alterations related to the Fe mineralization are grouped into the hydrothermal replacement skarnization and the hydrothermal filling skarnization. Another hydrothermal alteration is associated with the Cu mineralization. Various mineralogical analyses have been applied for the identification of minerals. They include optical microscopy, chemical analysis, etching test, X-ray diffraction, and infrared absorption spectroscopic analyses. The ore minerals in these ore deposits are classified into two groups;hypogene and supergene minerals. Hypogene minerals consist of magnetite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and chalcocite. Supergene minerals consist of chalcocite, bornite, and geothite. Ore minerals show various kinds of ore texture: open-space filling, exsolution, replacement, and cementation texture. The gangue minerals consist of quartz, diopside, epidote, garnet and plagioclase in the hornfelsic zone, garnet, diopside, scapolite, actinolite, sericite, chlorite, quartz, and calcite in the skarn zone, and, epidote, chlorite, sericite, quartz, and calcite in the late hydrothermal alteration zone. This study shows that the Fe-Cu deposits are of metasomatic pipe type with the later hydrothermal fillings, and the Au-Bi-Cu deposits are of hydrothermal fissure-filling type. The mineralization is probably related to the intrusion of porphyritic granite.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.199-222
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• 1970

One of the biggest sulfide metallic (Cu, Pb, Zn) ore deposits of South Korea is located in the area of Seo-myeon, Shiheung-gun, Gyeonggi-do. Geology of the region is mostly composed of metasediments of biotite schist, graphite schist, injection gneiss, sericite schist, limesilicate and quartzite from bottom, those are applicable to so-called Yeoncheon System of Pre-Cambrian, and granodiorite, quartz porphyry, basic dykes are outcroped in a small scope as intrusives. The origin of the ore deposit is pyrometasomatic contact deposits due to hydrothermal replacement and the ore bodies are imbedded in lower bed of limesilicate formation as impregnation and ore minerals are galena, sphalerite, marmatite, chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite, covellite, and the later two minerals are both hypogene and supergene. Gangue minerals are mostly skarn minerals those hornblende, diopside, epidote, hedenbergite, chlorite, garnet and quartz except primary calcite and quartz. Boundary plane (NS strike) between schists and limesilicate seemed to be primary opening of ore solution and fractures bearing $N50^{\circ}{\sim}80^{\circ}W$ are secondary structural control for localization of ore minerals and the third structural controls are both irregular gashes and schistosity in small scale. Photogeological study was carried with vertical aerial photo scaled 1: 38,000 and enlarged 1 : 10,000 under stereoscope. The study on the area convinced the fact that the geologic boundaries between rocks, limesilicates and quartzites, are traced easily by their typical topographic feature and drainage, and the main fracture patterns which derived from the result of fracture traces, that photogeologic lineament observed under stereoscope, are those bearing (1) $N20^{\circ}W$, (2) $N58^{\circ}W$, (3) $N76^{\circ}W$, (4) EW, (5) $N20^{\circ}W$, (6) $N62^{\circ}W$, (7) $N77^{\circ}W$. Among the written fractures, (5) (not schistosity, in case of fault) (6) (7) are post-mineral faults and others are pre-mineral faults and others are pre-mineral structures, and (2) (3) (6) (7) are coincided with statistical figure of 208 fractures surveyed in underground. By the result of the study, mineralized zone, are presumed to extend north and southward, total length about 4km.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.525-536
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• 2015

트라피체 프로젝트는 현재 탐사단계 중 후기(Advanced exploration)단계의 프로젝트이며 안다우아일라스-야우리 광상구 연변에 나타나는 다양한 반암 광상 중 일부라고 볼 수 있다. 이 광상은 몬조나이트 반암의 관입과 관계가 있으며, 또한, 올리고세 각력 파이프와 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있는 광상이다. 광화작용은 일차 유화광물인 황철석, 황동석, 반동석 및 휘수연석으로 구성된다. 2차 유화광물인 휘동석, 코벨라이트, 다이게나이트가 산출되며 산화동으로서 공작석, 흑동석, 적동석등이 산출된다. 침출작용(lixiviation)이나 부화과정 결과로서, 광화작용은 비전형적인 누대구조를 보여주기도 한다. 각력과 반암이 나타나는 구역에서는 수직적인 누대구조를 보여주는데, 북쪽 인근에서는 침출대, 2차부화대, 전이대 및 초생광화대가 나타나고 광상의 서쪽에서는 산화대 및 혼합대가 좁게 나타난다. 광상의 추정자원은 920 Mt @ 0.41% Cu이며 한계품위는 0.15%로 산정하고 있다.

• 한국정보컨버전스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보컨버전스학회 2008년도 International conference on information convergence
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• pp.99-102
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• 2008

Mineralogical studies of ore and alteration minerals have been conducted for the Hugo Dummett porphyry copper deposit. The Hugo Dummett porphyry copper gold deposit is located in the South Gobi region, Mongolia and currently being explored. This deposit divided into the Cu-rich Hugo Dummett South and the Cu-Au-rich Hugo Dummett North deposits. The Hugo Dummett deposits contain 1.08% copper(1.16 billion tonnes in total) and 0.23 g/t gold(Oyunchimeg et al., 2006). Copper-gold mineralization at these deposit are centered on a high-grade copper(typically>2.5%) and gold(0.5-2 g/t) zone of intense quartz stockwork veining. The high grade copper and gold zone is mainly within the Late Devonian quartz monzodiorite intrusions and augite basalt, also locally occurs in dacitic rocks. Intense quartz veining forms a lens up to 100 m wide hosted by augite basalt and partly by quartz monzodiorite. Although many explorations have been carried out, only a few scientific works were done in the Oyu Tolgoi mining area. Therefore the nature of copper-gold mineralization and orgin of the deposit is not fully understood. Copper-gold mineralization in the Hugo Dummett deposits occurs in dominantly quartz monzodiorite and minor augite basalt, dacitic rocks and locally biotite granodiorite. Chalcopyrite, pyrite, bornite, molybdenite, tennantite, tetrahedrite, enargite, sphalerite, chalcocite, covellite, eugenite, galena and gold occur as main ore minerals in the Hugo Dummett North and South deposits. These sulfides occur as: (1) a vague vein-like trail 1-3cm long and 2-3 mm wide, (2) minute, discontinuous cracks within quartz(micron scales), and (3) irregular blebs/spots(micron scales)and (4) disseminated within the sericite and plagioclase, commonly concentrated in the quartz. Sulfide minerals commonly display as a replacement, intergrown and minor exsolution texture in the both of the Hugo Dummet deposits.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.171-183
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• 1998

남극 킹죠지섬 바톤반도에는 신생대 제3기의 화산암류, 화산성 쇄설암류, 그리고 이들을 관입한 화강섬록암이 분포한다. 화강섬록암과 주변 화산암류에는 양기석, 녹염석, 녹니석, 방해석으로 특징지워지는 프로필리틱 열수변질대가 광범위하게 발달하며, 변질대에서는 황철석, 황동석, 반동석 등의 황화광물이 산점상 혹은 세맥상으로 산출된다. 화강섬록암 주변 열수변질작용의 특성에 관한 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다; (1) 화강섬록암은 칼크알칼리 계열의 천소관입 암상이며 동 함유량이 높다. (2) 화강섬록암의 주변을 중심으로한 상대적으로 높은 온도 유형의 프로필리틱 변질대가 발달하며 동-황화광물의 산출이 흔하다. (3) 황화광물은 산화환경 조건의 광화작용으로 가벼운 황동위원소 조성을 보인다. (4) 화강섬록암내 석영과 장석은 가벼운 산소동위원소 조성을 보이며 열수변질작용으로 비평형적인 동위원소 조성을 보인다. 이는 바톤반도 열수변질작용 및 광화작용이 화강섬록암체의 관입과 성 인적으로 밀접한 관련이 있음을 시사한다.