• 융합보안논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2017

2001년 9월 11일 테러 이후 초국가적 범죄와 테러리즘의 증가로 인해 국경안보의 중요성이 강조됨에 따라 통합적인 CIQ 역량강화가 요구되고 있다. 미국, 캐나다, 호주는 CIQ를 통합하여 여행자 물품 출입국통제 강화 및 공항만 육로 국경보안에 중점을 둔 국경안보 활동을 강화하고 있다. 미국은 2003년 국토안보부 산하에 관세국경관리청(CBP)을 신설하였다. 캐나다도 2003년 공공안전부 산하에 국경보안청(CBSA)을 창설하였다. 호주도 2015년 이민국경보호부(DIBP) 산하로 관세국경보호청을 통합하고, 국경수비대(ABF)를 신설하였다. 그러나 CIQ 업무별 분산된 국경관리체계를 운영하고 있는 한국은 공항만 육로 국경에서 발생하는 불법 출입국, 테러분자 입국, 밀수입, 마약 총기류 밀거래 등 복합적인 국경위협에 통합적으로 대응하기 어렵다. 이를 해결하기 위해서 유사성이 높은 세관 및 검역 업무부터 순차적으로 통합하고, 중장기적으로 관세청이 출입국관리 업무를 위임받아 CIQ 업무 전체를 통합하는 방안도 검토해볼 수 있다. 또는 미국, 캐나다, 호주의 CIQ 단일책임기관을 한국의 실정에 맞게 벤치마킹하여 새로운 통합국경안보조직을 신설하는 방안도 있다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.56-75
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• 2022

Purpose - This study examines the influencing factors of China's cross-border e-commerce exports in the context of the current situation and trends of China's cross-border e-commerce development. Through an improved trade gravity model, it provides more in-depth research and constructive opinions on the development of cross-border e-commerce in China. In this paper, factors such as consumption gap, volume of trade frictions, number of tourists, Internet usage and trade openness are added to the formula of the traditional trade gravity model in the improved trade gravity model to examine the influencing factors on China's cross-border e-commerce exports. Design/methodology - According to the empirical analysis, China's cross-border e-commerce exports to ten countries are used as dependent variables, and consumption gap, trade friction volume, trade distance, trade openness and number of Internet users are taken as independent variables. Regression analysis is conducted through a modified gravity model to test whether the hypotheses hold. Findings - The analysis shows that the hypothesis that China's cross-border e-commerce exports are influenced by trade openness, trade distance, consumption gap between trade parties, and the number of Internet users in the importing country is supported by these four hypotheses, but not all independent variables have an impact on them. Specifically, the number of travelers, trade frictions do not have an impact on China's cross-border e-commerce. That is to say, trade friction between China and the United States and political issues such as China-India and China-Japan territorial disputes that emerged before do not affect the development of cross-border e-commerce in China. Originality/value - The analysis shows that the factors influencing China's cross-border e-commerce exports are the trade openness of the importing country, the trade distance, the number of Internet users in the importing country, and the consumption gap between the two sides of the trade. The trade openness and the number of Internet users positively contribute to China's cross-border e-commerce, while the consumption gap and trade distance are negatively related to them. And the analysis found that the Sino-US trade war and the Sino-Indian territorial disputes and other trade frictions to China's cross-border e-commerce exports did not have a substantial impact.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.562-569
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• 2004

To operate a border station between South and North Korea is one of the most important tasks for the future inter-Korean railway transportation. Currently, North Korea and China are operating three border stations each. Among them, a Dandong-Sinuiju route handles the most amount of transport volume and can be a model for the operation of South-North Korean border station. This Study is to suggest an efficient way of operating the planned South-North Korean border station and international railway transportation via the station. To that end, operation system at the border station between Chinese Dandong and North Korean Sinuiju was analyzed and the Train Operation Agreement made by the two Koreas was studied.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Focusing on China's profound historical/cultural heritage, as well as its favorable environment for the expansion of cultural and creative industries (CCIs), this paper considers the unique attributes of Chinese museum cultural and creative products (MCCPs) from the angle of cross-border development, and summarizes the main forms and effects of cross-border innovation in relation to Chinese MCCPs. It also examines the chief problems of Chinese MCCPs' cross-border growth at three levels - the national policy system, product development, and design and marketing - to explore countermeasures and suggestions for cross-border novelties and the advancement of products.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2006

이 논문은 에지 검출을 위해 다른 컬러 영역사이의 테두리선을 삽입한 효과를 분석한다. 컬러코드를 인식하는 새로운 알고리즘을 제안하지는 않는다. RFID 방식을 보상하고, 디지털 카메라의 이용률이 높아져서 컬러코드에 대한 관심이 매우 증가하고 있다. 그러나 컬러의 왜곡이 심해지면 컬러코드의 확산을 저하시키게 된다. 왜곡된 컬러의 효과를 감소시키기위해서 영역내 화소 각각의 특성보다 각 영역 전체의 화소를 통계적으로 처리하는 방법이 바람직하다. 이 처리를 위해서 영상 영역화가 필요하다. 연결되지 않은 에지를 검출하기 위해 인접 컬러 영역사이에 2 화소 크기의 테두리선을 삽입한다. 테두리선은 흰색, 검은색 경계선이 사용된다. 2 종류의 테두리선이 삽입된 영상에 대한 에지 검출이 수행되고, 그 결과가 테두리선이 삽입되지 않은 에지 검출 결과와 비교한다. 검은 테두리선을 삽입한 결과는 지퍼효과에 의해 에지 검출 능력이 저하되고, 흰 테두리선을 삽입한 결과는 삽입하지 않은 경우보다 에지 검출 능력이 향상되었다.

• 치과방사선
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.81-87
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• 1984

This study was performed to observe the secondary images and to analyse the relationships between the primary and secondary images in panoramic radiograph. Using the Moritta's Panex-EC panoramic x-ray machine and the human dry skull, the author analysed 17 radiographs which were selected from 65 radiographs of the dry skull that attached the radiopaque materials, and the attached regions of the radiopaque materials were the normal anatomical structures which were important and selected as a regions for the evaluation of the secondary images effectively. The results were as follows; 1. The cervical vertebrae showed three images. The midline image was the most distorted and less clear, and bilateral images were slightly superimposed over the posterior border of the mandibular ramus. 2. In mandible, the secondary image of the posterior border of the ramus was superimposed on the opposite ramus region, and this image was elongated from the anterior border of the ramus to the lateral side of the posterior border of the ramus. The secondary image of the condyle was observed on the upper area of the coronoid process, the sigmoid notch and the condyle in opposite side. 3. In maxilla, the posterior region of the hard palate showed the secondary image on the lower part of the nasal cavity and the medial wall of the maxillary sinus. 4. The primary images of the occipital condyle and the mastoid process appeared on the same region, and only the secondary image of the occipital condyle was observed symmetrically on the opposite side with similar shape to the primary one. 5. In the cranial base, the anatomical structures of the midsagittal portions like a inferior border of the frontal sinus, sella turcica, inferior borderr of the sphenoid sinus and inferior border of the posterior part of the occipital bone showed the simillar shape between the primary and secondary images symmetrically. 6. The petrous portion of the temporal bone showed the secondary image on the lateral side of the sella-turcica, and the secondary images of the posterior border of lesser wing, superior border of greater wing of the sphenoid bone and posterior border were observed on the anterior-superior and inferior region of the sella-turcica.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.209-226
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• 2023

국경 간 전자상거래는 중국의 대외무역을 안정시키고, 중국 대외무역의 전환과 업그레이드를 추동하며, 글로벌 경제 발전과 안정에 기여하는 결정적인 힘으로 부상했다. 이에 따라 국경 간 전자상거래의 고품질 발전을 추동하는 것은 중국 업계 내에서 공동의 난제로 되었습니다. 그러나 국경 간 전자상거래가 빠르게 성장하면서 품질 혼재, 치열한 경쟁, 가격 경쟁 등 새로운 현상과 도전에 직면해 있다. 브랜드는 주체를 식별하는 구별표지 역할을 하며 브랜드 구축은 국경 간 전자상거래에서 고품질 발전을 이룩하는 신중한 선택이다. 이 글은 정성적 접근법과 정량적 접근법이 결합된 브랜드 이론을 활용하며, 국경 간 전자상거래 기업 운영 내의 주요 요소에 구체적으로 초점을 맞춘다. 중국 국경 간 전자상거래 기업의 내부 운영 내에서 브랜드의 형성과 발전에 영향을 미치는 핵심 요소들에 대한 분석을 통해 그들의 내부 형성 메커니즘을 조사하고 브랜드 형성에 영향을 미치는 이들 중요요소들의 중요성을 평가한다. 연구과정은 해외 소비자의 데이터를 바탕으로 실증분석을 실시하여 궁극적으로 국경 간 전자상거래 기업의 브랜드 개발을 위한 일정한 지침을 제공하고 있다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.117-133
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• 2023

This study assessed the ecological health of border areas using the ecological health index and suggested Indicators for maintaining and promoting ecological values. We analyzed the change trends, pressures, and resilience of ecosystems and services in border areas, and identified their current status and sustainability. The main findings were: (1) ecological assets and ecosystem services in border areas could be compared through ecosystem health assessment; (2) it can be used to set priorities for management and conservation by identifying the relative importance and vulnerability of ecosystems and ecosystem services in each border area; and (3) the index presented in this study can be judged to have explanatory power for the characteristics of border areas and ecosystem health when compared to previous studies. Limitations of this study include the lack of literature and statistical data at the local government level and the resulting limited application of evaluation methods, which limited direct regional comparisons. To overcome the research limitations, further studies are needed, such as establishing ecological information in border areas, mapping and assessment of ecosystem services, and developing and applying assessments that reflect the opinions and participation of various stakeholders. This study was the first attempt to assess the health of ecosystems and ecosystem services in border areas and provided an important baseline for future changes in border areas. In the future, it will be helpful in national and local government policies and ecological assetecosystem management by supplementing insufficient information and presenting clear goals.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2022

The main reason for the increase in cross-border mergers and acquisitions in developed and emerging countries is globalization and growing economic interdependence across countries. The state of the economy has a significant impact on whether cross-border mergers and acquisitions are encouraged or discouraged by international strategic capital market changes. This study empirically evaluates the influence of determinants of economic development on the scale effect of Cross Border M&As separately on emerging and developed nations as a research gap. We first separated the small and large scale firms based on companies' worth and used panel regression to analyze the impact of GDP, employment rate, and market capitalization on cross-border merger & acquisition deals over the period of 2008-2018. Results indicate that GDP and market capitalization have a positive effect on CBM&A, whereas employment rate has a negative effect on CBM&A deals in large-scale firms of both emerging and developed countries. This study results offer the implication for the potential investors and policymakers to strategically analyze the implementation of cross-border mergers & acquisitions.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.445-464
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• 2009

현재 세계 여러 나라는 GATS의 통신에 관한 예외규정에 입각하여 기간통신서비스의 국경간 공급을 반경쟁행위 통제, 국내 소비자 보호, 조세부과, 국가안보 등을 이유로 규제하고 있다. 우리나라의 경우 통신서비스의 국경간 공급을 WTO 및 국내법의 규정을 통하여 부분적으로 규제를 시행하고 있으나, WTO 및 FTA 협상시 국경간 공급에 대한 규제완화를 요구받고 있다. 그러므로 규제에 대하여 실효성 파악하고 이에 대한 대응이 절실히 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본고에서는 주요국의 통신서비스의 국경간 공급 정책을 살펴보았다. 또한 주요국의 실제 규제 사례를 살펴봄으로써 우리나라의 국경간 공급 규제정책에 대한 시사점을 모색해 보았다.