• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.249-256
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• 2006

The object of this experiment was to suggest the optimum autumn sown small forage crops as next forage crops harvested maize in Daejeon area. The field trials was conducted from 2002 to 2004 at Chungnam National University in order to evaluate the dry matter yield and qualities of the autumn sown small forage crops. The experiment was consisted of split plots (main plot : forage crops as rye, barley and wheat, and sub plot 4 harvest stages as boot, heading, milk and dough) design with three replications. The average DM yield for 2 years of rye was higher than that of other forage crops (p<0.01). As stages proceed, the DM yield tended to increase in all forage crops (p<0.01). In chemical composition, they had a difference on forage crops and stages. The crude protein (CP) was higher in barley (p<0.01), but fibrous contents such as NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin were lower in wheat than in the other forage crops (p<0.01). In Daejeon area, although barley and wheat at milk and dough stages were observed with maximum yield and high quality as autumn sown forage crops, due to late harvesting periods, it is difficult to utilize them as previous forage crops seeded in maize. Based on the result mentioned above, it is concluded that rye harvested at boot to heading stages is the most suitable fur autumn sown small forage crops in Daejeon area. Meanwhile, in order to have the option of nutritional value in wheat and barley, they need to be supplied early maturing and high-yield variety of wheat and barley.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.323-328
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• 1998

A field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of chemical and mechanical treatment at mowing on the field drying rate and hay quality of autumn oat (Avena sativa L.). The chemical drying agent/mower conditioner ($K_2CO_3$ 2%, conditioning, $K_2CO_3$ 2% + conditioning and control) were treated at different harvest stages (late boot, heading and bloom stage) for hastening hay manufacture in the autumn of 1996. After field dry, square bales were made by hay baler, and the dry matter(DM) loss and visual estimation of oat hay were evaluated after storing two months. In general, the field drying rate of oat was slow, regardless of harvest stage. Mechanical and chemical + mechanical treatment were effective, but the effectiveness of chemical alone was very low. With mower conditioning, the duration of field dry was shortened by 2 days compared with control. The DM loss of hay was higher at boot stage(51.4%) than at heading stage (21.1%), and the DM loss was reduced by mechanical and chemical + mechanical combined treatment. The visual score (leafiness, green color, odor and softness) of hay after storing was high in mechanical and chemical + mechanical, but the score by chemical alone was very low. The nutritive value (ADF, NDF, digestibility, and relative feed value) of hay was also high with treatment of mechanical and chemical + mechanical, but the quality by chemical alone was similar compared with control. In conclusion, mower conditioning can enhance the field drying rate of autumn oat, but the drying efficiency of the chemical drying agent was very low. However, it is suggested that hay-making of oat in autumn is very hard though using mower conditioner.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.355-362
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• 1999

This experiment was conducted to evaluated the effect of maturity at harvest and wrap colors on the quality of round baled rye(Secal cereale L.) silage at the forage experimental field, Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute, Suwon in 1998. The experiment was consist of split-plot design with three repications. The main plots were three different harvesting stages : boot, heading, and flowering stages, the subplots were wrap colors : white, black, and light green color. Acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) of rye silage were increased with delayed harvesting date, but there were no significant differdence among wrap colors. However, average in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of rye silage with white color wrap tended to have higher than those of other colors. The silage pH of heading stage was highest (5.12), and that of flowering stage was lowest (4.57) in different harvest stages. Among tested wrap colors, white color wrap resulted on lowest pH than others (p<0.05), but there were no significant difference between black and light green color. Dry matter (DM) content of rye silage were increased as harvest stage progressed (p<0.05). However, DM content of white color was highest among warp colors, but there was signifiant difference (p<0.05). Ammonia-N content of silage harvested at boot stage was the highest in harvest stage, but there was no difference between heading and flowering stages. Among wrap colors tested, ammonia-N content of black color was highest, but there was no significant difference. The number of lactic acid bacteria of white colors was highest in different colors, and that of flowering stage was highest among harvest stage. Acetic and butyric acid contents were decreased as harvest stage progressed, and lactic acid was increased from 6.33 to 7.98%. However, wrap colors did not influence lactic acid concentration. Among different wrap colors, outside temperature of rye silage was affected by air temperature, but effect of inside temperature was minimal. Black color wrap increased inside temperature by $3{\sim}5^{\circ}C$. The results of this study indicate that rye should be harvested for round bale silage after heading stage. The quality of rye silage wrapped white and light green color will increase slightly.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.877-890
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• 2005

This study was carried out to determine the effect of different growing stages of winter cereal crops on the quality of silage materials and silages. Silages were made from the silage materials harvested at four growing stages(boot, heading, flowering, and yellow ripe) of barley, rye, oat, and wheat. Approximately 1 kg of silage materials harvested from each growing stage stored in vinyl bags with vacuum packing method and fermented at room temperature for 40 days. As the growing stages progressed, the moisture and crude protein contents of the silage materials decreased, and fiber contents(NDF, ADF and hemicellulose) increased. All the silage materials showed significantly higher contents of water soluble carbohydrate in the boot stages than in the flowering and yellow ripe stages. There was no tendency in acetic acid contents of silage materials cut at different growing stages. The overall pH of silage materials were in the range of 5.91-6.01, and there was no significant difference among growing stages. Buffering capacity of silage materials were in the range of 26.23-29.47meq/100g DM, and showed a tendency to decline as the growing stages proceeded. The moisture and crude protein contents of silages decreased significantly in all species as the growing stages proceeded, and the fiber contents vice versa. As the growing stages proceeded, the pH of the silages tended to increase, and the acetic, butyric, and lactic acid contents tended to decrease. The buffering capacity of silages had a tendency to decrease as the growing stages of winter cereal crops proceeded. Therefore, these features described above should be taken into consideration in order to make silages from winter crops economically.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 1999

This experiment was carried out to determine voluntary intake according to growth stage of sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid in mono and intercropping. The results obtained from these experiments are as follows; Crude protein content of intercropping cultivation(sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid + soybean) was higher than monocropping(sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid), while ADF content was not different. Intake rates of leaf and stem showed highly at the intercropping comparing with monocropping(180cm~milk stage), but there was no difference at dough and yellow stage. Also, voluntary intake of fresh and dry matter showed same tendency. Voluntary intake of dry matter was the highest value of $98.4g/kg^{0.75}$ at milk stage treatment of intercropping. The intakes of crude protein were 9.6, 8.5, 7.2 and $7.2g/kg^{0.75}$ at 180cm, 250cm, boot stage and milk stage of intercropping treatment, respectively. These were higher than those for monocropping treatment. As mentioned above the results, intercropping cultivation could be recommended as increasing method of sorghum $\times$ sudangrass hybrid utilization when intake of dry matter and crude protein were considered.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.207-214
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• 2006

The object of this experiment was to suggest the optimum utilization upon rye and hairy vetch crops in Daejeon area. The field trials were conducted from 2002 to 2004 at Chungnam National University in order to evaluate the dry matter yield and quality of rye, hairy vetch, and rye+hairy vetch mixtures. The experiment was designed with split plots (main plot : seeding rate as rye mono culture, hairy vetch monoculture, rye 80%+hairy vetch 20%, rye 60%+hairy vetch 40%, and sub plot : 4 cutting stages as boot, heading, anthesis, milk). The average DM yield for 2 years had a difference on seeding rate and harvesting stages. The DM yield of rye monoculture was higher than those of the other seeding rates. There were significant increases in advanced stages in all treatments. In chemical composition, they also had a difference on seeding rates and growth stages. Hairy vetch monoculture was higher in crude protein (CP) and dry matter digestibility (DMD), but lower in fibrous compound than those of the other seeding rates (p<0.01). The crude protein dry matter (CPDM) and digestible dry matter yield was higher in rye 80%+hairy vetch 20% mixture when it was harvested at anthesis to milk stages. The results of this experiment indicated that when it was harvested at anthesis to the milk stages, rye 80%+hairy vetch 20% mixture was more effective in enhancing the DM yield and forage quality in Daejeon area.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.37-46
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• 2018

This paper define the research problem as the jeopardized situation of most startups in early chasm. Korean government have put more policy focus on helping these startups to jump over the chasm. One of the effective policy measures helps these startups defining the core competencies validated from target customers, in-housing them effectively, and therefore enhancing the level of differentiation against the competitors by "Product Pivoting Training Boots Camp." It ultimately give the key nudge to startups in struggling with unsold products after initial launch to the market. This paper carried out the empirical test to the target sample of startups participating in this camp. In particular, this research analyze the level of satisfaction of startups, as move along with characteristics of the participant and training program, going through this camp whether it enhance their will of application into real business case. The survey were delivered and collected from 203 startups in attending "Product Pivoting Academy, the following program of Startup Jump-up package policy module. The research result shows that all startups participating in this academy were so much satisfied and motivated strongly to take the training process into applying real business case in order to increase sales. The quality of the training program and the characteristics of the participants had mediating variable effects on the will of application with respect to the level of satisfaction. It imply that the program should put more attention on improving coaches' nudge and learning motivation of participants to enhance the level program satisfaction.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.444-453
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• 2017

Moral education is essential to the military in fostering elite warriors to have clear sense of their nation and the security, while arming themselves with military spirit that strives for victory. To reach this goal, various moral education has been set forth through boot camp training, academic education, unit training, etc. depending on various subject and supporting agencies in question. Also, in order to heighten the effect of the education, various attempts to combine concert-style cultural activities with the programs are carried out. However, the ultimate goal for this moral education is to facilitate soldiers to voluntarily set their minds and will in combat, and the current education system lacks that motivation as it concentrates mostly on educating knowledges about nationality and security. Under such circumstances, various units have attempted to raise morality in creating many public and media activities within the unit, which proven to be successful. In theory, the usual definitions in the field of education such as emotion, interest, attitude, and personality can be expanded upon with public and media activities. With this in mind, we have researched on how effective this method is by conducting various public and media activities in multiple units, total of 531 soldiers, starting from June to July of 2016. As a result, these activities brought positive effects on young soldiers to build pride in their assigned units, and also increased their willingness to carry out their assignments and missions. Through this research, we drew to the conclusion that unit-level public and media activities, which was solely used for gaining trust and communicate with the general civilians, can be used to boost the soldiers moral strength and help them express the strength in action.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.726-738
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• 2016

This study selected the Marine Corps camp accident in 2013 as its subject and analyzed it in order to explore the relevance of media framing on discourse on the safety of outdoor experience activities. Data were collected from search sites provided by news coverage data from March 26, 2010 when the sinking of the South Korean Navy corvette Cheonan occurred in South Korea, which had seen a surge in Marine Corps experience camps, to July 21, 2013, a few days after the Marine Corps camp accident. Data about a total of 211 cases 138 cases before the Marine Corps camp accident, and 73 cases after the accident were inductively analyzed. According to the results, news coverages on the Marine Corps camp were largely divided into positive framing that glamorized outdoor experience activities before the accident and negative framing after the accident. To put it concretely, the framing before the accident tended to glamorize outdoor experience activity as the best educational program which helped the participants to enhance their patience and sense of independence through boot camp experience, thereby increasing their self-esteem and arousing their cooperative spirit as members of society. However, after the accident media framing tended to publicize insensitivity to safety. The media framing characterized by dualistic coverage is considered to be an obstacle to the spread of safety culture, which is required in South Korean society. Therefore, media need to maintain more cool-headed and objective attitudes when reporting news.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.19
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• pp.187-205
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• 2009

In this study, Horgan(2005)'s argument highlights the centrality to any successful counter-terrorism strategy of understanding the social context in which terrorist ideologies take root. Counter-terrorism refers to the practices, tactics, techniques, and strategies that governments, militaries, police departments and corporations adopt in response to terrorist threats and/or acts, both real and imputed. Pickering et al.(2008) historically explained four counter-terrorism strategies as traditional counter-terrorism model, community intelligence model, belonging model, social cohesion model. It is thus proposed that counter-terrorism strategies are based in established networks within the community and proactively seeks to continually renew these relationships between the community and police. This approach must embrace an explicit recognition of multiculturalism and its political imperative and drive in a policing organization explicitly committed to social cohesion and human rights in both discourse and practice. We, therefore, suggests community tree counter-terrorism approaches, or community intelligence model, belonging model and social cohesion model to apply to counter-terrorism agencies in Korea. These models are on the basis of Pickering et al.'s counter-terrorism models, which by using community policing to boot socially cohesion police are better able to position themselves as mediators to negotiate settlements between the competing demands of different social groups.