• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.125-131
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• 1990

방사선조사시 선량분포에 영향을 미치는 여러가지 요소들 중에서 조직불균등성은 선량을 상당히 변화시킨다. 특히, 중뇌강은 여러골조직으로 구성되어 있어 조직 불균등성에 따른 상당한 선랑감쇠가 예상된다. 6 MV X-선 조사후 중두개와에서의 선량분포측정은 LiF TLD 소자를 이용하였으며 같은 측정장소에서, 계산에 의한 예상선량과 실측선량의 비교를 시도하였다. 계산에 의하면, 골조직 1 cm당 예상선량감쇠는 $3.74\%$를 나타내었다. 한편, 골조직을 고려한 예상선량과 실측선량의 차이는 매우 적었으며 $\pm0.21\%$의 오차범위내에서 일치됨을 나타내었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2017

Purpose: To evaluate the utility of implanted surgical clips for detecting interfractional errors in the treatment of hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancer with postoperative radiotherapy (PORT). Methods and Materials: Twenty patients had been treated with PORT for locally advanced hepatobiliary or pancreatic cancer, from November 2014 to April 2016. Patients underwent computed tomography simulation and were treated in expiratory breathing phase. During treatment, orthogonal kilovoltage (kV) imaging was taken twice a week, and isocenter shifts were made to match bony anatomy. The difference in position of clips between kV images and digitally reconstructed radiographs was determined. Clips were consist of 3 proximal clips (clip_p, ${\leq}2cm$) and 3 distal clips (clip_d, >2 cm), which were classified according to distance from treatment center. The interfractional displacements of clips were measured in the superior-inferior (SI), anterior-posterior (AP), and right-left (RL) directions. Results: The translocation of clip was well correlated with diaphragm movement in 90.4% (190/210) of all images. The clip position errors greater than 5 mm were observed in 26.0% in SI, 1.8% in AP, and 5.4% in RL directions, respectively. Moreover, the clip position errors greater than 10 mm were observed in 1.9% in SI, 0.2% in AP, and 0.2% in RL directions, despite respiratory control. Conclusion: Quantitative analysis of surgical clip displacement reflect respiratory motion, setup errors and postoperative change of intraabdominal organ position. Furthermore, position of clips is distinguished easily in verification images. The identification of the surgical clip position may lead to a significant improvement in the accuracy of upper abdominal radiation therapy.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2004

This study was carried out for analyzing pathological and epidemiological factors of osteoporosis and doing pilot test using trial compounds of tuna bone and oriental herbs based on the factors. Osteoporosis is originated from osteoblast, osteoclast, organic and inorganic factors etc. Therefore the pathology of osteoporosis is not simple because the cytokine, growth factors and hormones of the components are various a lot. Taking a view of epidemiological factors of type I osteoporosis, ageㆍmenarcheㆍcholesterolㆍBMI etc. have definite relation to them. So we can approach to aging or consumptive disease in oriental medicine, specifically differential diagnosis of blood depletion with deficiency of qi, deficiency of kidney, deficiency of yin, bony weakness etc. And it should be considered together with rules for maintaining good health or habit concomitantly. Therefore IL1ㆍ6 or TNF αㆍβ are generally used as molecular biological index for osteoblast and osteoclast because the most important index is bone mineral density and strength, but the factors like collagen and noncollagen protein must be accounted as biomarkers. Trial compounds generally showed favorable effects on accompanying subjective symptoms of osteoporosis in the pilot test for menopausal woman. But if she didn't have specific symptoms of osteoporosis there wasn't any specific change. And osteocalcin was increased in case of being under standard level, but wasn't changed in case of normal level. Therefore these trial compounds can be used as a funcdonal diet for type I osteoporotic patients or preventive measures.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2002

DM is a systemic disease with many complications. One of them, diabetic osteopenia is important sequelae and many authors reported reduced bone mass in diabetic rats. However, in mandible, study has been rare because of its anatomical limits. So the objective of this study was to investigate bony change in mandible of diabetic rats. Thirty-two adult rats were used in this study. Half of them were male and female respectively. In sixteen rats, streptozotocin was injected intraperitoneally to induce DM and the serum glucose concentration was checked to ensure the induction of DM prior to the time of sacrifice. At 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16weeks, control group and diabetic group rats were sacrificed respectively. And then bone mineral density of mandibles and femurs of the rats was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA). In addition serum osteocalcin and urine deoxypyridinoline were measured as markers of bone formation and resoption respectively. Mandibular and femoral bone density in streptozotocin induced rats was decreased with significance statistically after 4 weeks from injection. In mandible, comparing with femur, bone density was moderately decreased. The alveolar bone in mandible was more decreased bone density than the whole body in the mandible From these results, bone mineral density decreased in uncontrolled diabetic group with time, and especially alveolar bone was more destructive in the mandible. So authors think that consideration of reduced bone mineral density is necessary in dental procedure.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.228-238
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• 2005

Purpose: Several cryoprotectants are in use to help the survival of cells during cryopreservation of bone in maxillofacial region. Among them, $Me_2SO$(dimethyl sulfoxide), EG(ethylene glycol), sucrose were used for experimentally created defects with accompanying cryopreserved bone graft in the rabbit model. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of above mentioned agents on bone formation using histologic and histomorphometrical methods, thus to provide experimental support for clinical application of these agents. Materials and methods: Nine rabbits were used as experimental animals. Surgical defects were created on the distal femoral heads and mesial tibial heads of each animal using trephine drill(5mm diameter and 5mm length). The harvested bones were cryopreserved in $-80^{\circ}C$ refrigerator for one week. The defects were filled with cryopreserved bone with cryoprotectants as experimental groups and cryopreserved bone without cryoprotectant as control. Then, the animals were sacrificed at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after surgery. With Goldner's modified Masson trichrome staining and semiautomatic image analysis system, we observed the change of the cells and bone formation. Results: After bone graft, bone formation and active remodeling process were examined in all experimental groups and the control. But the intensity of such activities of the control were somewhat weaker than that of the experiments. Especially $Me_2SO$+sucrose group was the best in bone formation and bone remodeling. $Me_2SO$ group was more than that of EG group in bone fomation. Sucrose seems to be helpful in survival of the bone cell. Histologic findings showed superior bony quantity and quality in experimental groups than that in control. Conclusions: The data from this study provides the basis for future studies for evaluating the effect of cryoprotectants in the cryopreservation of bone and clinical study for predictable use of these agents.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 1996

1. 첫 번째 증례에서 관상 절개를 이용한 부분골 절제술과 Le Fort씨 1급 골절단술을 시행한 결과, 골절단술을 시행한 부위에 원활한 골 치유가 일어났다. 2. 두 번째 증례에서 관상 절개를 이용하여 두개안면부에 광범위한 부분골 절제술을 시행하여 만족할만한 결과를 얻었으며, 병소 부위 말초 혈관 과다는 병소의 성장에 따른 생리적 변화로 추정된다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2007

Bone scan using radioactive isotope can be more effective than conventional X-ray radiograph for finding jaw lesion because it takes an image of the physiologic change of bone. This study is designed to show how available bone scan is able to diagnose jaw lesion better than simple X-ray and CT, as well as to determine a basis of diagnosis for jaw lesion using bone scan. The 77 patients, visiting the Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dankook University Hospital from January 2002. to August 2005. who were diagnosed histopathologically with postoperative malignant tumor, osteomyelitis, and bone infiltrative benign disease. Preoperative X-ray, CT, bone scan were taken and were compared with histopathologic finding. Also to compare specificty of each lesion in bone scan, bone density was measured to compare. The results were as follows. 1. Among the 25 cases of oral malignant tumor of bony invasion, a positive diagnosis associated with histopathologic evaluation, 22 cases(88%) in bone scan, 14 cases(56%) in CT image, and 10 cases40%) in simple X-ray. 2. Among the 31 cases of osteomyelitis, a positive diagnosis associated with histopathologic evaluation, 30 cases(97%) in bone scan, 23 cases(74%) in CT image, and 19 cases(61%) in simple X-ray. 3. Among the 11cases of bone infiltrative benign disease, a positive diagnosis associated with histopathologic evaluation, 11 cases(100%) in bone scan, 10 cases(91%) in CT image, and 6 cases(55%) in simple X-ray. 4. Measurement of bone density in each group showed no statistical significant difference between malignant tumor and osteomyelitis as well as benign bone disease. But, a statistical significance was seen between osteomyelitis and benign bone disease. From this results, bone scan are more sensitive than simple X-ray and CT image in jaw lesion diagnosis, but specificity shows no significant difference. Therefore, it should be suggested that evaluation of bone scan must be carrying out in reference to final histopathologic diagnosis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.509-514
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• 2005

Purpose: In order to clarify the clinical utility of the vertical height augmentation (VHA) genioplasty using autogenous iliac bone graft (IBG), this study examined the postsurgical changes in hard and soft tissues of the chin and the stability of the grafted bone. Patients and Methods: Twenty-three patients who had undergone VHA genioplasty using autogenous IBG were evaluated radiographically and clinically. A comparison study of the changes in hard to soft tissues after surgery in all 23 patients was performed with preoperative, 1-month, 3-months, 6-months, and/or 1-year postoperative lateral cephalograms by tracing. Stability, bone healing, and complication of the grafted bone was evaluated by follow-up roentgenograms and clinical observation. Results: Between the preoperative and 6-month postoperative tracings, an average vertical augmentation of the osseous segment was 4.2 mm at menton and that of the soft tissue menton was 4.0 mm. There was a high predictability of 1: 0.94 between the amounts of hard versus soft tissue changes with surgery in the vertical plane. The position of the genial bone segment was stable immediately after surgery and soft tissue was not changed significantly from 1 month to 1 year after operation. Clinical and radiological follow-up results of the iliac bone graft showed normal bony union and were generally stable. Conclusions: VHA genioplasty using IBG is a reliable method for predicting hard and soft tissue changes and for maintaining postoperative soft tissue of the chin after surgery.

• 대한구강악안면병리학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.189-198
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• 2018

A 31 years old female had been suffered from a bony swelling in right premolar region of the mandible for 12 years, recently grown rapidly. A fistula tract developed on the right anterior mandibular border, but the lesion was relatively asymptomatic. In the radiological examination, the tumor mass was irregularly mixed with radiolucent and radiopaque areas, forming multiple cystic spaces. Under the diagnosis of calcifying odontogenic cyst, the mandibular mass was resected and examined pathologically. After decalcification, the dissected tumor mass showed multiple small cystic spaces and calcifying fibrous tissue, mimicking calcifying odontogenic cyst or ameloblastoma. Histological observation showed many calcifying cementoid materials and ossifying trabeculae. The cystic spaces were turned out to be dilated vascular channels lined by endothelial cells, containing plasma fluid. However, the main lesion was diagnosed as cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF), and the atypical vascular channels were greatly dilated and gradually expanded the whole tumor mass. The present COF was examined through immunohistochemical (IHC) array, and investigated for tumor cell characteristics, exhibiting abnormal ossification and aneurysmal cystic changes. IHC array disclosed that the tumor cells grew progressively in the lack of apoptosis, and that they showed lower expression of RUNX2 than BMP-2, RANKL, and OPG, and increases of protein expression in $HIF-1{\alpha}$, VEGF-A, and CMG2. These data suggested that the reduced expression of RUNX2, osteoblast differentiation factor, be relevant to abnormal ossification of COF, and that the consistent expressions of angiogenesis factors be relevant to de novo angiogenesis in COF, subsequently resulted in aneurysmal cystic changes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.481-487
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 성장기 마우스 모델을 이용하여 고지방식 이를 제공한 후 이에 따른 염증지표와 골의 형태학적 미세구조의 변화를 살펴보았다. C57BL/6J 4주령 수컷 마우스를 난괴법에 의해 대조군 (n = 6)과 실험군 (n = 6)로 분류하여 대조군에는 10% Kcal fat 식이와 고지방식이군에는 45% Kcal fat 식이를 12주 동안 자유급식 방법으로 제공하였다. 혈액검사와 염증지표를 분석하였으며 micro-CT를 이용하여 대퇴부 뼈의 형태학적 미세구조를 측정하였다. 대조군과 고지방식이군의 체중 증가는 각각 $5.85{\pm}1.84g$, $16.06{\pm}5.64g$로 유의한 차이를 보였으며 (p < 0.01), 혈당은 각각 $115.00{\pm}16.88mg/dL$, $188.33{\pm}13.29mg/dL$ (p < 0.01), 중성지방은 각각 $65.00{\pm}6.19mg/dL$, $103.33{\pm}8.02mg/dL$ (p < 0.05)로 나타났다. 렙틴과 IL-6는 고지방식이군에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 (p < 0.01). 골대사의 생화학적지표 분석 결과 오스테오칼신은 고지방식이군에서 낮게 나타났으나 유의적이지 않았으며, CTx은 고지방식이군에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 (p < 0.01). 골밀도는 고지방식이군에서 낮게 나타났으나 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 그러나 골의 형태학적 미세구조 분석결과 골소주의 두께는 고지방식이 군이 대조군보다 유의적으로 좁게 나타났으며 (p < 0.05), 골소주의 간격은 고지방식이군이 유의적으로 넓게 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 골의 형태학적 미세구조인 골소주의 간격과 IL-6가 양의 상관성이 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 본 연구결과 최대골밀도가 형성되는 단계의 성장기 마우스에서 고지방식이 공급을 통한 비만 유도 현상은 골소주의 수와 골소주가 차지하는 비율의 변화를 유발하여 골 미세구조에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 염증지표와 상관성이 나타났다. 이에 성장기에 염증지표 증가를 억제하고 정상적인 골형성을 위하여 과잉의 지방섭취 제한이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.