• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.517-526
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• 2022

Objective: The growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF8) gene plays a key role in bone formation, resorption, and skeletal muscle development in mammals. Here, we studied the genetic variants of GDF8 and their contribution to body conformation traits in Chinese Dabieshan cattle. Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the bovine GDF8 gene by DNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis, motif analysis, and genetic diversity analysis were conducted using bioinformatics software. Association analysis between five SNPs, haplotype combinations, and body conformation traits was conducted in 380 individuals. Results: The GDF8 was highly conserved in seven species, and the GDF8 sequence of cattle was most similar to the sequences of sheep and goat based on the phylogenetic analysis. The motif analysis showed that there were 12 significant motifs in GDF8. Genetic diversity analysis indicated that the polymorphism information content of the five studied SNPs was within 0.25 to 0.5. Haplotype analysis revealed a total of 12 different haplotypes and those with a frequency of <0.05 were excluded. Linkage disequilibrium analysis showed a strong linkage (r²>0.330) between the following SNPs: g.5070C>A, g.5076T>C, and g.5148A>C. Association analysis indicated these five SNPs were associated with some of the body conformation traits (p<0.05), and the animals with haplotype combination H1H1 (-GGGG CCTTAA-) had greater wither height, hip height, heart girth, abdominal girth, and pin bone width than the other (p<0.05) Dabieshan cattle. Conclusion: Overall, our results indicate that the genetic variants of GDF8 affected the body conformation traits of Chinese Dabieshan cattle, and the GDF8 gene could make a strong candidate gene in Dabieshan cattle breeding programs.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.47-68
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Gagamdokhwalgisang-Tang on the morphometric changes of femur, and on the hormones and cytokines associated with bone metabolism in overiectomized rats. Methods : Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham operated group(normal) ovariectomized group(control), and treated with extract of GD group(treated). Each group was evaluated the changes of body weight at 0, 3, 6, 8 weeks after ovariectomy. Morphometric analysis(femur weight, femur/body weight ratio, femur ash weight femur ash/body weight ratio cross sectional area of compact bone and concellous bone of femur) and histopathological examination were performed at 8 weeks after ovariectomy. Estrogen, Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP) and cytokine(Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, $Interleukin-l{\beta}$, Inerleukin-6) assay were performed at 8 weeks after ovariectomy. Results : 1. The body weight of control and treated group was significantly increased(p<<0.001) compared with the normal group at 8 weeks. 2. The femur weight and femur/body weight ratio of treated group were significantly increased(p<<0.05, p<<0.01) compared with the control group at 8 weeks. 3. The femur ash weight showed no significantly different changes, but femur ash/body weight ratio of treated group was significantly increased(p<<0.05) compared with the control group at 8 weeks. 4. In the cross sectional area of cancellous bone of femoral body, the treated group was significantly increased(p<<0.001) compared with the control group at 8 weeks. 5. The serum estrogen level of treated group showed no significantly different changes compared with the control group at 8 weeks. 6. The serum ALP activity of treated group was significantly decreased(p<<0.01) compared with the control group at 8 weeks. 7. The serum Tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$ level of treated group was significantly decreased(p<<0.05) compared with the control group at 8 weeks. 8. The serum $Interleukin-l{\beta}(IL-1{\beta})$ level of treated group was significantly decreased(n<<0.001) compared with the control group at 8 weeks. 9. The serum Interleukin-6(IL-6) level of treated group was significantly decreased(P<<0.01)compared with the control group at 8 weeks. Conclusion : These results indicate that GD inhibits bone resorption in ovariectomized rats. And the major inhibitory mechanism may be related to the inhibitory effects of GD on the secretion of $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in estrogen deficient rats.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.19 no.3 s.142
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• pp.275-278
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• 1981

Traumatic occlusion is a morbid condition that is caused by repeated occlusal stresses exerted on the periodontium that exceed the physiologic limits of tissue tolerance and contribute to the breakdown of the supporting tissue of the teeth. In reviewing these cases, the authors obtained the following results. 1. Roentgenographic examination revealed the typical signs of traumatic occlusion: severe resorption of roots, destruction of alveolar bone. 2. The major factor of traumatic occlusion is abnormal occlusal force. 3. The rsorptions of roots and periodontal changes which are caused by traumatic occlusion depend on the individual variation of the physical potential. 4. The pathologic features of traumatism are basically different from those of inflammation.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.230-234
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• 2021

Otosclerosis, a hereditary disorder characterized by disordered resorption and deposition of bone, results in progressive hearing loss. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder characterized by recurrent fractures, blue sclera, and varying degrees of hearing impairment; and is a known risk factor for otosclerosis. After adolescence, the risk of fracture decreases, reducing the need for follow-up in OI. However, otosclerosis is a progressive disorder. In this report, we discuss two cases of familial otosclerosis with different clinical features. We hypothesize that the difference in hearing level correlates with the difference in computed tomography findings. The mother, whose case was considered severe, was prescribed hearing aids, while the daughter, who had normal hearing level, was regularly followed up.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.230-234
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• 2021

Otosclerosis, a hereditary disorder characterized by disordered resorption and deposition of bone, results in progressive hearing loss. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder characterized by recurrent fractures, blue sclera, and varying degrees of hearing impairment; and is a known risk factor for otosclerosis. After adolescence, the risk of fracture decreases, reducing the need for follow-up in OI. However, otosclerosis is a progressive disorder. In this report, we discuss two cases of familial otosclerosis with different clinical features. We hypothesize that the difference in hearing level correlates with the difference in computed tomography findings. The mother, whose case was considered severe, was prescribed hearing aids, while the daughter, who had normal hearing level, was regularly followed up.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.335-342
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• 2005

This study was undertaken to investigate possibility of the allogenic type I collagen inducing osteoinduction or osteoconduction at critical sized bone defect in the rabbit. Twenty Newzealand white rabbit, weighted from 2.8 kg to 3.5 kg, were used in this study. The skull was exposed and two bony defects were created with diameter of 10 mm. Group I(n=10), the bony defects was grafted from the other side bone. Group II(n=10), the bony defects was grafted by the allogenic type I collagen with bone morphogenic protein(BMP). Group III(n=10), the bony defects was grafted by the allogenic type I collagen only. Group IV(n=10), the bony defects was lefted with no grafts. The grafted bones and allogenic type I collagen were investigated with radiologic densitometry, histologic analysis and immunohistochemistry after 12 weeks. No major difference was observed in the gross finding between Group I, II, III, but dura mater was exposed in bony defect,the Group IV. The radiologic study demonstrated more bony opacity in the Group I, but the other groups did not demonstrate a significant difference. In the histologic study, grafted bone edge was completely consolidated with original bone in group I and new bone ingrew into the grafted allogenic type I collagen(group II, III),but there is no bone regeneration from the original bony edge in the group IV. The percent of the new bone formation by cross-sectional area was considered statistically significant at a p value of less than 0.05(p<0.05). In the immunohistochemistry study about BMP antibodies, the group IV demonstrated osteogenic activity in front of advancing original bone edge, in which the osteoblast stained strongly for BMP antibodies, but other group does not demonstrated any osteoblastic expression. There was no immunologic rejection. In conclusion, this results do not demonstrate that the allogenic type I collagen is useful for bone substitute, but the characters of the collagen, such as pliability, easy-handling, sponge-like structure, are useful in interpositional bone graft substitutes. The further evaluation of long term results about the resorption, immunologic tissue reaction, response of applied tissue growth factor to the allogenic collagen is needed.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2012

It has been documented that SPA0355 exerts antiinflammatory effects via the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB activation. In present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of SPA0355 on periodontitis in an animal model. Periodontitis was induced by ligation of the cervix of the 1st molar in the left mandible in rats. After ligature, the rats were randomly divided into four groups and topically applied with SPA0355 (0.5, 1, and 2%) or the vehicle alone once daily for 10 days. Body weight and food intake were measured daily throughout the experimental period. At day 10 post-ligature, the infiltration of inflammatory cells and distance of the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar bone crest (ABC) in the distal area of ligatured tooth were estimated histopathologically. No changes in body weight or food intake were found between the control and SPA0355 groups. The degree of inflammation was decreased in all three SPA0355 application groups. A decrease CEJ-ABC distance was observed in the 0.5% and 1% SPA0355 groups. These results indicate that SPA0355 inhibits the infiltration of inflammatory cells and alveolar bone resorption and suggests its potential as a therapeutic agent for periodontitis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.468-474
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• 2008

Purpose: Previous clinical investigations of sinus floor augmentation have demonstrated repneumatization of grafted sinus. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the height changes of sinus floor after grafting with deprotenized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and beta tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Materials and methods: 34 sinuses in 28 patients were augmented with 100% DBBM or 100% TCP through lateral approaches. Sinusgraft height was measured before, immediately after, and 6 months after bone graft with panoramic radiography. Result: After 6 months, the decreases of graft heights were 14.53% for DBBM group and 15.15% for TCP group. There was no statistically significant difference. Discussion and Conclusion: Long-term stability of sinus-graft height represents an important factor for implant success. After the uses of DBBM and TCP for maxillary sinus floor augmentations, acceptable graft height maintenances were observed.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.12-27
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Guibi-tang water extract (GB) on osteoporosis. Methods: We examined the effect of GB on osteoclast differentiation using murine pre-osteoclastic RAW 264.7 cells treated with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). The effect of GB on osteoclast was measured by counting TRAP (+) multinucleated cells and measuring TRAP activity. The mRNA expressions of osteoclastogenesis-related genes (Cathepsin K, MMP-9, TRAP, NFATc1, MITF, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, COX-2) were measured by real-time PCR. We examined the effect of GB on osteoblast proliferation, ALP activity, bone matrix protein synthesis and collagen synthesis using murine calvarial cell. Results: GB decreased the number of TRAP (+) multinucleated cells and inhibited TRAP activity in RANKL-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell. GB decreased the expression of genes related osteoclastogenesis such as Cathepsin K, MMP-9, TRAP, NFATc1, MITF, COX-2 in RANKL-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell. But GB did not decrease the expression of iNOS and increased the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 in RANKL-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell. These genes (iNOS, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6) are thought to be related with the inflammatory bone destruction. GB increased cell proliferation of rat calvarial cell and also increased ALP activity in rat calvarial cell. GB did not increase bone matrix protein synthesis but increased collagen synthesis in rat calvarial cell. Conclusions: This study suggests that GB may be effective in treating osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and its related gene expression and by increasing osteoblast proliferation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.669-673
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• 2011

To prevent and treat the osteoporotic fracture, more attention should be paid in old age patients. Osteoclast which has ability to bone resorption is originated from hematopoietic cell line and plays a key role osteoporotic bone loss. Rubi Fructus has been widely used in Oriental medicine. Extracts of the leaves and fruit of Rubus species have been used in various countries as natural remedies to treat diabetes, infections, colic, and burns. However, the effect of extract of Rubi Fructus (fruit of Rubus coreanus Miq.) in osteoclast differentiation remains unknown. Thus, we evaluated the effect of Rubi Fructus on receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. Here we found that Rubi Fructus significantly inhibited osteoclast differentiation induced by RANKL. Rubi Fructus suppressed the activation of p38 pathway and NFkB in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) treated with RANKL. Also, Rubi Fructus significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of c-Fos, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)c1 and cathepsin K in BMMs treated with RANKL. Particularly, Rubi Fructus greatly inhibited the protein expression of c-fos and NFATc1. especially in the case of NFATc1 expression, a master transcription factor of the differentiation of osteoclasts is very important step for osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, our results demonstrated that Rubi Fructus may be useful treatment option of bone-related disease such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis.